中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 完形填空解題技巧

1、完形填空解題技巧1ADD TITLEPART1完形填空試題說明中考完形填空試題說明及時(shí)間規(guī)劃 完形填空：共10小題，每小題1分。在一篇150200詞的短文中留出10個(gè)空白，要求考生從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 完形填空是一種要求高、綜合性強(qiáng)的語言測(cè)試題，以閱讀為形式，以上下文為線索，以詞匯知識(shí)、句法知識(shí)、語法知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法以及邏輯推理能力為解題基礎(chǔ)，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。 命題特點(diǎn)及選材特點(diǎn) 所選題材多樣，但都貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；體裁多以記敘文為主，主要是人物故事、情感教育、哲理故事、幽默

2、故事等，通過小故事傳遞做人的道理或激勵(lì)學(xué)生積極向上、樂觀進(jìn)取等；其次是說明文、議論文，主要是學(xué)生安全、環(huán)保等。所選短文其難度略低于閱讀理解題的短文。 命題特點(diǎn)及選材特點(diǎn)Steps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解題步驟)1、跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意3、復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案2、瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破2mins8mins2mins完形填空試題的一般解題思路 1跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。 先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，即了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)，以及情節(jié)發(fā)展的前因后果 ；通讀全文時(shí)，盡量避免受文章空格的影響，初步搞清文章的大概意思即

3、可。不要糾纏于一句話、一個(gè)空，否則會(huì)斷章取義，進(jìn)入誤區(qū)。（時(shí)間：3分鐘）完形填空試題的一般解題思路 2瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破。 在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。 完形填空試題的一般解題思路 2瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。 短文中每個(gè)空白處的答案和上下文在意思和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有一定的聯(lián)系。因此，動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)于答案比較明

4、顯的、自己最有把握的空格可直接完成。如果答案一時(shí)不能確定的，先跳過空格，繼續(xù)往下，待其他答案選好后，再回過頭來集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。完形填空試題的一般解題思路 3、復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案 這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入，會(huì)感覺題目的難度有所降低，從而提高選擇的正確率。 Tips to Close Test: 1注重首、尾句。 2克服畏難、急躁情緒,耐心通讀全文。 3切勿看到一個(gè)空格就急著選出一個(gè)答 案，必須縱觀全文、通篇考慮。 4先易后難,注意從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找提示，大膽地作出猜測(cè)。5如果選項(xiàng)從語法角度無法確定，則必須從 語篇(前提示、后暗示)意義上

5、加以鑒別。1、context（上下文、語境）3、regular collocation（固定搭配）2、logic（邏輯）Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解題技巧)4、 words analysis（詞義辨析）5、background knowledge（背景知識(shí)） 根據(jù)上下文暗示進(jìn)行判斷充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句 例 1. Being safe in everyday life needs knowledge. If you remember the following information，your life will be much

6、41 . 41. A. more dangerousB. safer C. more colorfulD. better 根據(jù)上下文暗示進(jìn)行判斷充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句 例 2. Dont go home 46 . You are safer in the street than in your home or in a lift. 46. A. slowly B. directly C. suddenly D. quietly hospital nightno / littleWarming-up:請(qǐng)根據(jù)前后文填詞，使句子邏輯一致1.Mr Black is

7、a doctor, he works in the _ .2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy, so he has _ time to have lunch at home.4.We have an English test this term, its very easy, most students can _this test. 5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired

8、 _happy.pass butWarming-up:請(qǐng)根據(jù)前后文填詞，使句子邏輯一致Liumei is among the _9_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答應(yīng)給）Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 9. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent 同義重現(xiàn)Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of

9、all language. Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 10. A. true B. right C. same D. similar原詞重現(xiàn)反義同現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)或固定搭配進(jìn)行判斷注意固定的搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語 例 1. Mr Black always walk

10、ed 41 his office to the station in the evening, because he liked walking. 41. A. in B. at C. On D. From When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener pays attention 5 what he or she is speaking5. A. for B.

11、 of C. with D. totoSkill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）pay attention to 注意Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 6 to the causes of peace, literature, and the scienc

12、es. 6. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributionsmake contributions to對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷例1: If your house catches fire and you have to 49 through smoke, 49. A. escape B. walk C. run D. jump 在

13、日常生活中，很多事情是約定俗成的，如：餓了吃東西，渴了喝東西，累了休息，冷了添衣服，熱了脫衣服等 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷例2: If you have to take a bus to a place, try to get to the stop a few 47 before the buses leave. 47. A. minute B. minutes C. hour D. hours 在日常生活中，很多事情是約定俗成的，如：餓了吃東西，渴了喝東西，累了休息，冷了添衣服，熱了脫衣服等Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知識(shí):包括生活及文化方面的） But we

14、 run so fast that, afterwards, we had trouble 8 . 8. A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A. animal B. biggestC. plant D. nearest 通過詞義辨異進(jìn)行判斷例 1.If 43 dangerous happens, you can find them quickly. 43. A. anything B. n

15、othing C. everything D. Something 此類試題的命題，往往是以同類的詞為主，我們不需要去進(jìn)行具體的辨析，但是我們也要根據(jù)文章的意思來進(jìn)行推斷 通過詞義辨異進(jìn)行判斷例2.Mr Black was a kind man. He always stopped and 44 some kind words to the poor man and gave him a little money. 44. A. spoke B. told C. said D. talkedSkill 4：words analysis（詞義辨析）7.A. want B. help C. get

16、 D. ask7. But by using literary texts (文學(xué)文本 ) , teachers can 7 students improve to their reading skills. Soon I heard alike that of a door burst inand then a climb of feet.A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 通過 邏輯推理 進(jìn)行判斷 由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)已知的判斷（前提），推導(dǎo)出一個(gè)未知的結(jié)論的思維過程。 例 1. One day, my classmates talked 44 with their

17、 friends, but I sat at my desk alone as usual. How I wish I could 45 them! 44. A. happily B. Sadly C. angrily D. seriously45. A. Teach B. catch C. join D. serveSkill 1：context（上下文、語境） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _1_. His mus

18、ic was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual. 1. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. saxviolinSkill 1：context（上下文、語境） Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of 2 are there in the pool?” . as big as the pool, there is one basket of water2. A. fish B. flowers C. wate