大學(xué)授課模板：醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)MEDICALMICROB

1、MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGYM.B.B.S. Phase IIIMMUNOLOGYLecture 1. Introduction to ImmunologyDr. Durgadas Naik, International Medical SchoolManagement and Science University, Malaysia20-10-2010Microbiology : Systematic study of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms : Bacteria, Fungi, Algae,Parasites,Viruses,Prions an

2、d ViroidsBasic branches Bacteriology Study of Bacteria Virology Study of Viruses Mycology Study of Fungi Parasitology Study of parasites Phycology Study of algae Applied BranchesMedical Microbiology Study of microorganisms of medical importance Agriculural Microbiology Study of microorganisms in Agr

3、iculture Food Microbiology Study of Microorganisms in Food Environmental Microbiology Study of Microorganisms in Environment Industrial Microbiology Study of Microorganisms applied in industriesMedical MicrobiologyBranches Medical Bacteriology Study of BacteriaMedical Virology Study of VirusesMedica

4、l Mycology Study of FungiMedical Parasitology Study of parasitesImmunology Study of Immunity (involves immune system, immune response) Immunity : The resistance offered by host against microorganisms (biomolecules)or their parts or products (toxins). In This Course You Study : Defense system in huma

5、ns, organs and cells involved Different defense mechanisms Role of defense cells, antigen, antibodies, complement and cytokines in immunity. Different types of antigen and antibodies Innate and acquired immunity- humoral and cell mediated. Different types of hypersensitivity reactions and mechanisms

6、 involved. Role of MHC in antigen recognition and transplantation Different types of immunodeficiency diseases Autoimmunity, Tumor immunology Importance of vaccines and immunization Different types of antigen antibody reactions and their applicationHistorical Aspects1. Edwerd Jenner: Introduced the

7、technique of vaccination using cow pox material in 1876. Jenners vaccination led to the eradication of small pox. 2. Louis Pasteur :Developed vaccine for anthrax and rabies (1881). He attenuated cultures of anthrax bacilli by incubating at higher temperature 42-43 C & proved that inoculation of such

8、 cultures of the anthrax bacillus induced specific protection against anthrax. His discovery of rabies vaccine is one of the remarkable discoveries in history of mankind. 3. Elie Metchnikoff (1883) Discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis and proposed phagocytic response as the prime defense agains

9、t the microbial invasion of tissues. This led to cellular concept of immunity. 4.Buchner (1889) discovered a heat labile substance, which was bactericidal and termed it as “ alexine”. Subsequently Bordet (1895) discovered combined action of the two substances. One being antibody and another alexine.

10、 He used the term “ Complement” for alexine. 5.Robert koch (1890) described hypersensitivity Reaction known as Kochs phenomenon. 6. Karl Landsteiner (1900) discovered ABO blood groups.7.Burnet (1957) put forwarded clonal selection Theory for antibody synthesis. In 1967, he developed the concept of i

11、mmunological surveillance.8. Medawar and Burnet (1940-1950) explained successful transplants possible by elective immunosuppression and proper selection of donors.Since 1975, Number of scientists have worked -Molecular level study, detection of Enzymes, Hormones, microorganisms, parts, products by u

12、sing new techniques, diagnosis of diseases, Immunotherapy, Immunogenetics, Transplantation, auto immune diseasesMonoclonal antibodies.With every mile stone in discoveries regarding human defense system and different cells, components involved in defense mechanisms, the special field of Immunology ha

13、s emerged and considered to be an essential branch of medical microbiology. Development of the Immune System RBCPlateletsMyeloid Stem cellsNeutrophilBaso., EosinMonocytesLymphoid stem cellsNatural Killer cellsThymusCD8+CD4+CTLTH2TH1LymphoblastLymphoblastT-LymphocytesB-LymphocytesLymphoid SystemLymphoid OrgansCentral Thymus ( T lymphocytes) Bone Marrow ( Bursa of Fabricius)- (B lymphocytes)Peripheral Lymphnodes Spleen Malt - Mucosa Asociated Lymphoid Tisse Galt Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue Balt Bronch