動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)及變化規(guī)則

1、動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)及變化規(guī)則一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：1.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；目前的狀態(tài)；客觀真理。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞要在詞尾加-s(-es),其他人稱和數(shù)用動(dòng)詞原形。否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month.),onceaweek,onSund

2、ays動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則一般直接在詞尾+srunslikes以s,sh,ch,x,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾+esgoespasses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要把y變i+esstudy-studiestrytries以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接在后+sstaysplays二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。b.表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(即動(dòng)詞-ing形式)否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問句：把a(bǔ)m/is/are放于句首。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thesedays,now,atthemome

3、nt,look,listen.現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則.一般直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾+ingreading.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要把e去掉+inglive-living.以重讀閉音節(jié)的結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫輔音字母再ingrun-running注：重讀閉音節(jié)：輔+元+輔并且元音是單元音.特殊記憶的動(dòng)詞die-dying死lie-lying躺tie-tying栓系三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。否定形式：若謂語(yǔ)為waswere,或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則直接在其后加not;若謂語(yǔ)為行為動(dòng)詞，則需要借助did+not,還原動(dòng)詞。一般

4、疑問句：若謂語(yǔ)為waswere,或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則直接將其提到主語(yǔ)前；若謂語(yǔ)為行為動(dòng)詞，則需要借助did,并將其提到主語(yǔ)前，同時(shí)還原動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，thismorning，thedaybeforeyesterday，in1990，與ago連用的狀語(yǔ)，twodaysago。與last連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，lastSunday，lastnight。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式一般直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾+edwork-worked以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾+dlikedlived以重讀閉音節(jié)的結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫輔音字母再加edstop-stopped以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要把y變i+edst

5、udy-studied不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am,is-wasgive-gaveeat-atemake-madefly-flewswim-swamare-wereget-gottake-tookread-readride-rodedo-didgo-wentrun-ranwrite-wrotesee-sawcome-camesing-sangdraw-drewsay-saidhave-had,put-put,drink-drank,speak-spokesweep-sweptbuy-boughtsit-satbring-broughtcan-couldcut-cutbecome-becamebegi

6、n-beganfeel-feltfind-foundforget-forgothear-heardkeep-keptknow-knewlearn-learnt(learned)leave-leftlet-letlose-lostmeet-metread-readsleep-sleptspeak-spoketake-tookteach-taughttell-toldwrite-wrotewake-wokethink-though不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表1.A-A-A型（現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形）動(dòng)詞原形（現(xiàn)在式）過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞costcostcost花費(fèi)cutcutcut割，切hithithit打l

7、etletlet讓putputput放下readreadread讀hurthurthurt傷2.A-A-B型（現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式同形）beatbeatbeaten打3.A-B-A型（現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去分詞同形）comecamecome來(lái)becomebecamebecome變r(jià)unranrun跑4.A-B-B型（1）在動(dòng)詞原形后加個(gè)輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。burnburntburnt燃燒learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt學(xué)習(xí)meanmeantmeant意思hearheardheard聽見（2）把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t”構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。Bu

8、ildbuiltbuilt建筑Lendlentlent借給loselostlost失去sendsentsent送spendspentspent花費(fèi)3）其他paypaidpaid付laylaidlaid下蛋saysaidsaid說(shuō)ringbroughtbrought帶來(lái)buyboughtbought買thinkthoughtthought想sleepsleptslept睡keepkeptkept保持sweepsweptswept掃standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood明白winwonwon得勝shineshone/shinedshone/sh

9、ined發(fā)光catchcaughtcaught抓住teachtaughttaught教feelfeltfelt覺得fightfoughtfought戰(zhàn)斗findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)getgotgot得到hanghanged/hunghanged/hung絞死，掛havehadhad有holdheldheld盛，握l(shuí)eaveleftleft離開makemademade制造meetmetmet遇見sellsoldsold賣shootshotshot射擊telltoldtold告訴smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled嗅，聞sitsatsat坐digdugdug挖5.A-

10、B-C型(現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都不相同)(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下stealstolestolen偷givegavegiven給freezefrozefrozen凍結(jié)taketooktaken拿seesawseen看見動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式把i變0,過(guò)去分詞去e雙寫再加enwritewrotewritten寫rideroderidden騎drivedrovedriven駕駛以ow結(jié)尾過(guò)去式把o變e過(guò)去分詞直接加nthrowthrewthrown拋，扔blowblewblown吹growgrewgrown生長(zhǎng)knowknewknown知道flyflewflown飛drawdrewdrawn拉，繪畫showshowedshown展示（2）過(guò)去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。speakspokespoken說(shuō)話breakbrokebroken破碎，折斷wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choosechosechosen選擇forgetforgotforgotten忘記（3）變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”（過(guò)去式）和“u”（過(guò)去分詞）。Beginbeganbeg