商務(wù)合同寫(xiě)作技巧：寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng)

1、第 PAGE7 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES7 頁(yè)商務(wù)合同寫(xiě)作技巧：寫(xiě)作考前須知合同的大綱確定之后，就要開(kāi)場(chǎng)正式的寫(xiě)作了。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，下面這些方面請(qǐng)務(wù)必注意，因?yàn)樗鼈兛墒顷P(guān)系到合同的內(nèi)容與法律效力的。標(biāo)題上注明“合同”兩字。不要為碰運(yùn)氣而忽略這個(gè)。假如你的客戶需要合同，就要注明是合同。一個(gè)仍在聯(lián)邦里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標(biāo)有“建議書(shū)”的文件并非合同。這給我們的教訓(xùn)就是，你怎么想，就應(yīng)該怎么說(shuō)。假如你想讓你的文件成為具有法律效力的合同，就要在標(biāo)題中注明“合同”字樣。2. write in short sentences. short sentences are easier to und

2、erstand than long ones.寫(xiě)短句子，因?yàn)槎叹渥颖乳L(zhǎng)句子更容易理解。3. write in active tense, rather than passive. active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent.exle of active: “sellers shall sell the property to buyer.” exle of passive: “the property shall be sold to

3、buyer by seller.”用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。相對(duì)而言，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子更簡(jiǎn)短，措詞更精練，表達(dá)更明白。讓我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子吧，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子：賣(mài)方將把此物賣(mài)給買(mǎi)方;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子：此物將被賣(mài)方賣(mài)給買(mǎi)方。4. dont use the word “biweekly.” it has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. the same applies to “bimonthly.” instead, write “every other week” or “twice a week.”不要用“雙周”之類(lèi)的詞，因?yàn)檫@有可能產(chǎn)

4、生歧義-是兩周還是每隔一周?類(lèi)似的詞還有“雙月”，所以最好這樣寫(xiě)：“兩周”或“每隔一周”。不要用“活潑的白蟻和有機(jī)體”之類(lèi)的話，為了防止模棱兩可，最好這樣寫(xiě)：“活潑的白蟻和活潑的有機(jī)體”或是“白蟻和活潑的有機(jī)體”。當(dāng)一組名詞(如“白蟻和有機(jī)體”)前有一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)(如“活潑的”)時(shí)，你一定要弄清楚這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)是修飾兩個(gè)名詞還是僅僅修飾第一個(gè)名詞。假如是修飾兩個(gè)詞，可以用排比的手法分別在這兩個(gè)詞之前加上修飾語(yǔ)，假如你只想修飾一個(gè)名詞，那么你就應(yīng)該把這個(gè)詞放在這組詞的最后，然后在它的前面加上修飾語(yǔ)。6. dont say “l(fā)essor” and “l(fā)essee.” these are bad nick

5、names for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. use “l(fā)andlord” and “tenant” instead. the same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party a and party b. this is where you can use your creativity to e up with a different nic

6、kname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.不要用“出租人”和“承租人”。這對(duì)一個(gè)租賃合同來(lái)說(shuō)是不好的別稱(chēng)，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀妆活嵉够蛘叱霈F(xiàn)打印錯(cuò)誤。可以用“房東”和“租戶”來(lái)代替他們。同樣，在合同中也不要用“留置權(quán)人”和“留置人”，“抵押權(quán)人”和“抵押人”，“保證人”和“被保證人”，“答應(yīng)人”和“被答應(yīng)人”，“當(dāng)事人a”和“當(dāng)事人b”到底怎么說(shuō)，這就要看你駕馭語(yǔ)言的才能了。不過(guò)，要把握的一條原那么是，在整個(gè)合同中，對(duì)合同一方只能用一個(gè)別稱(chēng)。7. watch out when using

7、“herein.” does “wherever used herein” mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? clarify this ambiguity if it matters.使用術(shù)語(yǔ)“本文(herein，也可譯為“在這里”)”時(shí)要留神。為了防止模糊不清，使用“本文”時(shí)最好特別申明一下“本文”是指整個(gè)合同，還是指其所在的某一段落。8. write numbers as both words and numerals: ten (10). this will reduce the chance for

8、errors.寫(xiě)數(shù)目時(shí)要文字和阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字并用，如：拾(10)。這將減少出錯(cuò)的幾率。假如你想用“包括”這個(gè)詞，就要考慮在其后加上“但不限于”的分句。除非你可以列出所有被包括的項(xiàng)，否那么最好用“但不限于”的分句，來(lái)說(shuō)明你只是想舉個(gè)例子。10. dont rely on the rules of grammar. the rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal. the judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned d

9、ifferent rules. write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous. follow this test for clear writing: remove all periods and mas, then read it. choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.

10、不要依賴(lài)于語(yǔ)法規(guī)那么。那些你在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的語(yǔ)法規(guī)那么并不是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的東西，因?yàn)橛袡?quán)利來(lái)解釋此合同的法官或陪審團(tuán)成員學(xué)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)那么可能和你學(xué)的不一樣，但不管學(xué)的是什么規(guī)那么，撰寫(xiě)合同都要遵循一個(gè)根本原那么：簡(jiǎn)潔、明確。檢查你寫(xiě)的東西是否到達(dá)這個(gè)要求有個(gè)好方法，那就是去掉所有的句號(hào)和逗號(hào)，然后讀一下。在沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的情況下，選擇正確的詞語(yǔ)放在正確的位置上，這將使你寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西更簡(jiǎn)明，更流暢。11. dont be creative with words. contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke

11、reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning. contract writing is clear, direct and precise. therefore, use mon words and mon meanings. write for the mon man and the mon woman.不要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造詞語(yǔ)。合同文書(shū)不是創(chuàng)造性的作品，也就不應(yīng)因?yàn)橐馑嫉募?xì)微差異而引起考慮或爭(zhēng)論。合同文書(shū)應(yīng)該是明晰、直接而準(zhǔn)確的。因此，要使用普通的詞語(yǔ)，表達(dá)普通的意思，為普通人撰寫(xiě)合同。12. be consistent i

12、n using words. if you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as “goods”, use that term throughout the contract; do not alternately call them “goods” and “items.” maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition. dont worry about putting the reader to sleep; worry about the

13、 opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.用詞一致。在一份銷(xiāo)售合同中，假如你想用“貨物”來(lái)指整個(gè)合同的標(biāo)的物，就不要時(shí)而稱(chēng)它們?yōu)椤柏浳铩?，時(shí)而又改稱(chēng)它們?yōu)椤爱a(chǎn)品”。保持用詞一致性比防止重復(fù)更加重要。不要擔(dān)憂這會(huì)讓讀者打瞌睡;你應(yīng)該提防的是對(duì)方律師會(huì)因?yàn)槟：磺宓暮贤鴮⒛愀嫔戏ㄍ?。在文法和?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)上保持一致。你所學(xué)的文法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)用法可能和別人學(xué)的不一樣，但你最好在使用上保持一致。要特別注意句末的引號(hào)、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)之后的逗號(hào)以及文風(fēng)的相似性。14. consider including choice of law, venue s