2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第2講名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析外研版

1、2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第2講名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析外研版2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第2講名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析外研版PAGE 2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第2講名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析外研版第2講名詞性從句單句語法填空單句寫作1。（2019全國卷）While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada。答案：that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞

2、引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明evidence的具體內(nèi)容，從句中不缺少成分且語義完整,故用that引導(dǎo)。2。(2018北京高考)Without his support, we wouldnt be we are now。答案：where根據(jù)句意“沒有他的支持,我們不能到達(dá)現(xiàn)在這種地步(到現(xiàn)在的位置)”，故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)表語從句。3.（2018北京高考)This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best。答案：what表語從句中缺少賓語，故應(yīng)用what來引導(dǎo)。4.（2018江蘇高考）By

3、boat is the only way to get here， which is we arrived.答案：how根據(jù)句意“那就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)這的”可知,應(yīng)用how來引導(dǎo)表語從句,在從句中作方式狀語。5。(2018浙江高考）It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects in humans， too。答案：that本題中it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。1。（2019北京高考)學(xué)生在大學(xué)里干什么看起來比他們上哪所大學(xué)更重要(比他們?nèi)ツ睦锔匾? at college seems to matter much more than .

4、答案：What students dowhere they go2。（2017北京高考）每年的風(fēng)箏節(jié)上,無論是誰制作了最漂亮的風(fēng)箏,都會(huì)獲獎(jiǎng)。Every year, will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoever makes the most beautiful kite3。（2017北京高考)簡在有樹的街道上走著，不知道去往何處。Jane moved aimlessly down the tree。lined street, not knowing .答案：where she was heading4。(2016天津高考)經(jīng)理提議我們應(yīng)該找一

5、個(gè)助手。The manager put forward a suggestion have an assistant. 答案：that we5。(2015全國卷)身為天生建筑師的古印第安人早已計(jì)算出，在大多數(shù)情況下要想循環(huán)工作土坯墻應(yīng)該是多厚。As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days。答案：how thick考點(diǎn) 1 名詞性從句的不同類型及其結(jié)構(gòu)名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從

6、句和同位語從句，它是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。1主語從句That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.這么長時(shí)間以來我聽到的最好的消息就是你要來倫敦。What matters most in learning English is enough practice。學(xué)習(xí)英語最重要的是足夠的訓(xùn)練.It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.其他人怎么認(rèn)為你，不關(guān)你的事，你盡管相

7、信你自己。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.顯而易見，學(xué)生應(yīng)該為他們的未來做好充分準(zhǔn)備。歸納主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1連接詞主語謂語其他主句謂語其他。2It形式主語主句謂語其他連接詞主語謂語其他。2賓語從句Im afraid （that) I cant accept your invitation?？峙挛也荒芙邮苣愕难?。Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school。湯姆除了有時(shí)候上學(xué)遲到外，是個(gè)

8、很不錯(cuò)的男孩。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我發(fā)現(xiàn)花更多時(shí)間練習(xí)英語口語是必要的。I dont think that you should go abroad in the future.我認(rèn)為你將來不應(yīng)該出國。歸納賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu):1及物動(dòng)詞短語/介詞連接詞從句主語從句謂語其他。2及物動(dòng)詞it賓補(bǔ)連接詞從句主語從句謂語其他.3表示情感的形容詞連接詞從句主語從句謂語其他。3表語從句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6

9、 oclock tomorrow morning。我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā).The reason for his absence is that his daughter suddenly fell ill。他缺席的原因是他的女兒突然病了。As is known to us， China is no longer what she used to be。眾所周知，中國再也不是從前的樣子了。One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like stores

10、 and restaurants.她偏愛城市生活的一個(gè)原因是她可以很方便地進(jìn)入像商店和飯店這樣的地方.歸納表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：系動(dòng)詞連接詞從句主語從句謂語其他。4同位語從句We should consider the students request that the school library provide more books on popular science.我們應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的要求，即學(xué)校圖書館應(yīng)該提供更多的關(guān)于大眾科學(xué)方面的書籍。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我

11、們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題已經(jīng)解決了。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in senior school， would be different.我向自己保證：今年-我高中的第三年-將會(huì)是不同的一年.歸納同位語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞連接詞從句主語從句謂語其他.注意不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，同位語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)極其相似，但同位語從句是對前面的表示抽象概念的名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步地解釋說明，而定語從句是對前面的名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制。同位語

12、從句常放在feeling， news, doubt, problem， promise， idea等名詞后,而定語從句不受此限制。試比較：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school。 同位語從句；that從句是對news內(nèi)容的具體解釋說明；that不作成分他們贏得比賽的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.定語從句；that引導(dǎo)的從句對news進(jìn)行修飾限定；that在從句中作賓語，故可省略你昨

13、天告訴我的消息真的令人失望?？键c(diǎn) 2 名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的常見連接詞有：that, whether， what, which， who, whom, whatever， whichever, whoever， whomever， when， where， why， how, how many， how much等,根據(jù)其在從句中的功能可分為三類：1從句中缺少主語或賓語時(shí),選擇以下連接詞：what(ever）， which(ever）， who(ever), whom(ever）。通常情況下,which是在語境中提供了范圍才會(huì)使用，否則，指事物時(shí)使用what（ever)What was

14、 most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主語從句,what在從句中作主語）她告訴我，對她來說最重要的是她的家人。The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty。（賓語從句，whoever在從句中作主語)雇主們經(jīng)常會(huì)把工作給他們認(rèn)為有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)并且有強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感的人。Whichever book he bought would be paid for.無論他買了哪一本書，都要

15、付款。2從句中不缺少主語或賓語，而是缺少狀語成分，此時(shí)則用when, where, why， how, how many/much等帶有語義的連接詞Some students even have no idea why they are studying， so they waste much time playing.(同位語從句,缺語義,連接詞在從句中作原因狀語）一些學(xué)生甚至都不知道為什么學(xué)習(xí)，所以他們浪費(fèi)很多時(shí)間玩兒。She always thinks of how she can work well。 （賓語從句，缺語義，連接詞在從句中作方式狀語)她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Where

16、 the English evening will be held hasnt yet been announced。 （主語從句，缺語義,連接詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布.3從句中既不缺少成分,又語義完整,則用連接詞thatIt has been decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday. （主語從句，不缺成分和語義)已經(jīng)決定會(huì)議推遲到下周一。He gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class. （

17、同位語從句，不缺成分和語義）他建議我們課堂上練習(xí)說英語。Tom has admired my daughter for a long time, but the question is that she doesnt love him at all。（表語從句,that不作任何成分，無語義，只起連接作用)湯姆已經(jīng)愛慕我女兒很久了,然而問題是我女兒一點(diǎn)也不愛他.4whether與if的用法（1)表語從句和同位語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)，不用if；當(dāng)主語從句放于句首時(shí)，也常用whether引導(dǎo)，不用if；當(dāng)it作形式主語，主語從句放在后面時(shí)用whether或if引導(dǎo)均可，但是如果被后置的主語從句

18、中含有表選擇意義的or時(shí)，必須用whether；與or not直接連用時(shí),也必須用whether.Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem。(主語從句放于句首)是否要開會(huì)仍然是個(gè)問題。The problem is whether the meeting will be held.（表語從句)問題是是否將舉行會(huì)議。I have no idea whether the meeting will be held。(同位語從句)我不知道是否將舉行會(huì)議。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(

19、主語從句放于句末）他是否要來這兒還令人懷疑。It makes no difference whether or not he comes。他來不來無關(guān)緊要.(2)在賓語從句中，whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，在口語或間接引語中兩者可以互換使用，但在有些情況下，whether和if的用法有一定的區(qū)別.awhether引導(dǎo)的從句?？梢耘c連詞or或or not直接連用，而if一般不能。Let me know whether you can come or not.讓我知道你是否來。b當(dāng)賓語從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)，而不能用if。Whether it is tru

20、e or not, I cant tell.是否是真的，我不敢說。cwhether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，if則不能。I dont know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是接受還是拒絕。dwhether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語，但if不能。I am worrying about whether I hurt her feelings.我在擔(dān)心我是否傷害了她的感情。考點(diǎn) 3 名詞性從句的疑難點(diǎn)1that不可省略的情況(1）that引導(dǎo)主語從句且從句置于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。That he failed in the exam made h

21、is parents disappointed.他考試不及格，這使他父母很失望。(2)that引導(dǎo)表語從句或同位語從句時(shí)，一般不可省略。The truth is that I didnt go there.事實(shí)是我沒有去那里。The news that our team has won is true.我們隊(duì)贏了的消息是真的。(3）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語時(shí)，that通常不能省略.They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了來自同一個(gè)國家之外,他們幾乎沒有共同點(diǎn)。(4）當(dāng)主句謂語后接兩

22、個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that,其他的that不可省略.I believe (that） youve done your best and that things will get better。我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且情況會(huì)好起來的。(5)當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí)，在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that也不可省略.He has made it clear that he will not give in。他不會(huì)屈服的，他已經(jīng)表明了這一點(diǎn)。（6)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句與主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入語或與從句主語之間有插入語時(shí),that通常不可省略。He announced, believ

23、e it or not, that he would never forgive her。信不信由你，他宣布他絕不會(huì)原諒她。2wh.ever和no matter wh.的區(qū)別wh.ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而no matter wh。只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.I will give this dictionary to whoever wins the first prize in the English contest.（賓語從句）我將把這本字典贈(zèng)給在英語競賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。Whoever/No matter who wins the first prize in

24、the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.(狀語從句)不管誰在英語競賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)，我都會(huì)把這本字典贈(zèng)給他。3表示“要求,建議,命令；堅(jiān)持的詞后跟名詞性從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“shoulddo”，其中should可以省略The boss ordered that the task (should） be completed by noon.（賓語從句)老板命令(我們)在中午之前完成任務(wù).The doctors advice is that I (should） rest more and drink more.（表語從句

25、）醫(yī)生建議我多休息、多喝水.It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting。(主語從句)有人提議這事在下次會(huì)議上討論。The boss refused the demand that she （should) do the work alone.(同位語從句）老板拒絕了她單獨(dú)做那項(xiàng)工作的請求。4賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)（1)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。He says that he studies at school from Monday to Fr

26、iday。他說他從周一至周五都在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。I know that she didnt tell you that she would go to America next month.我知道她沒有告訴你她下個(gè)月要去美國。He will tell us what happened to him during our absence。他會(huì)告訴我們，我們不在期間他出了什么事。（2）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon。那個(gè)男孩說周日下午沒有課。My Chi

27、nese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in。我的語文老師問我他進(jìn)來時(shí)我是否在讀紅與黑這本書。（3）如果從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，不管主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。As a child， I was told that the moon has no light of its own。孩提時(shí),人們告訴我月亮自身不會(huì)發(fā)光.5as if/as though, because, why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句It looked as if it was going to rain.看

28、起來天好像要下雨。Thats because he didnt work hard enough。那是因?yàn)樗粔蚺ぷ鳌hat was why I asked for three days leave。那就是為什么我請了三天假。注意because引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，主句主語不能是reason或cause，而且since和as不能引導(dǎo)表語從句.誤區(qū)eq avs4al(一）連接代詞或連接副詞的誤用（1）【誤】Sarah hopes to become a friend of who shares her interests.【正】Sarah hopes to become a friend of

29、whoever shares her interests。分析從句中缺少主語，此處表述“無論誰,故用whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句。（2)【誤】The road is covered with snow。 I cant understand how they insist on going by motorbike.【正】The road is covered with snow。 I cant understand why they insist on going by motorbike。分析句意:路上有積雪.我不理解他們?yōu)楹螆?jiān)持騎摩托車去.根據(jù)句意可知用why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。誤區(qū)eq avs4

30、al(二）名詞性從句中that與what的誤用（1)【誤】That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.【正】What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.分析主語從句中缺少主語,意為“什么”，故用what。句意：什么原因?qū)е铝诉@次事故仍完全是一個(gè)謎。(2)【誤】Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.【正】Before the sales st

31、art, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.分析賓語從句中謂語need缺少賓語,且在句中意為“的事物（東西），故用what.誤區(qū)eq avs4al（三）從屬連詞that/whether/if的誤用（1）【誤】What the doctors really doubt is that my mother will recover from the serious disease soon。【正】What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will r

32、ecover from the serious disease soon。分析此處引導(dǎo)表語從句，根據(jù)doubt一詞可知，不確定的應(yīng)是“是否”能很快恢復(fù)過來，故應(yīng)用whether。（2）【誤】At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see when it got any better?！菊緼t first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see if/whether it got any b

33、etter。分析根據(jù)句意“起初他討厭這個(gè)新工作，但決定給自己幾個(gè)月時(shí)間看看是否能感覺好點(diǎn)可知,用whether/if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。（3）【誤】It is doubtful that the work can be completed on time.【正】It is doubtful whether the work can be completed on time。分析在主語從句、同位語從句和表語從句中，要使用whether表示“是否”。誤區(qū)eq avs4al（四)同位語從句和定語從句的誤用（1）【誤】Information has been put forward when more mi

34、ddle school graduates will be admitted into universities this year。【正】Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities this year。分析此句中含有一個(gè)被分隔開的同位語從句，說明句子主語information的內(nèi)容，從句成分和句意完整,用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(2）【誤】The fact which this country spends more on its military than on education and health care is a serious and worrying though