高中英語冠詞講解教案,高中英語冠詞知識點總結

1、冠 詞冠詞包括定冠詞the(一般表特指)和不定冠詞a/an(泛指一般的普通名詞)定冠詞the的用法注意讀音：the desk the applethe +單數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物eg: The horse is a useful animal.the +形容詞，表示一類人或事物eg: the poor the rich口語中，談話雙方都知道的特定的人或事物eg: Pass me the book, please.特指再次提及的人或事物eg: He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk.表示世界上獨一無二的事物eg: the eart

2、h the sun the moon用在西洋樂器前（但一般不用在中國樂器前）eg: play the piano ( play erhu )用在姓氏復數(shù)前表示一對夫婦或一家人eg: the Smiths用在系數(shù)詞前eg: the first the second the last用在形容詞或副詞的最高級前eg: the oldest the fastest the coldest注意區(qū)分下面兩句話：Its the most beautiful.Its most(very) beautiful.另外當兩個形容詞或副詞的最高級并列修飾同一名詞時，后一個最高級前the可省略He is the tal

3、lest and (the) fastest in our class.用在方位詞和某些表示時間的詞組或習慣用語前eg: on the left/right in the east in the middle ofin the end in the morning/afternoon/eveningin the daytime on the other hand表示在世紀的某個年代eg: in the 1990s in the 1870s用在表示單位的名詞前eg: by the hour/day/week/month/yearby the yard(碼)/foot(英尺)Eggs are so

4、ld by the dozen.(注意比較：Eggs are sold by weight.)在某些專有名詞前eg: the Summer Palace the Red Sea the New York Times the Bible用在表示身體部位的名詞前eg: He gave me a pat(拍) on the shoulder.不定冠詞a/an的用法注意使用：a bag an apple an hour a useful box an unusual daya/an + 單數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物eg: A fox is a cunning(狡猾的) animal.表示一個人或事物，起

5、介紹作用eg: He is a doctor.說明事物的同一性質、特征、程度或大小 = the sameeg: The two shirts are of a size. Birds of a feather flock together.用在表示時間或度量單位的名詞前，具有“每一”的意思 = pereg: 60 miles an hour 1000 yuan a month用于人名前，表示說話人對此人不認識，也可以表示與某一名人有類似性質的人或事物eg: A Mr. Smith（一個叫史密斯先生的人）came to see you this morning.He is a LeiFeng i

6、n our class.He wishes to become a Newton.零冠詞的使用復數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物eg: Cows are useful animals.在表示人名、地名、國名、季節(jié)、月份、星期幾以及節(jié)日的名詞前eg: Tom Fujian China Spring May Sunday National Day但以festival表達的節(jié)日則要使用冠詞 eg: the Spring Festival一日三餐及球類前eg: have breakfast play basketball表示學科、棋類、顏色和感官名詞前eg: maths play chess White is

7、a beautiful colour. Smell is one of the five senses.稱呼語或表示身份、職位、頭銜的名詞前eg: Good morning, boys and girls. Where is Dad, Mum? Uncle Wang President Lincoln 物質名詞和抽象名詞前eg: Desks are made of wood. Failure is the mother of success.與by連用的表示交通工具的名詞前eg: by bike by bus by sea/land/air但如果換成其它表達就要使用冠詞eg: in a boa

8、t on the bus take a taxi名詞前有名詞所有格、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、疑問詞以及某些形容詞(some/ any/ many/ much / little/ a little/ few/ a few / each/ every/ either/ another/ both/ all/ no等)作定語時eg: Whose purse is this? 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時eg: day and night pen and ink husband and wife father and son master and servant(仆人) heart and

9、soul brother and sister某些介詞連接的兩個相對的名詞時也不用冠詞eg: face to face hand in hand step by step side by side from top to bottom from beginning to end用as引導的讓步狀語從句，作為表語的名詞提前且為單數(shù)時使用零冠詞eg: Child as he is, he can answer this question.使用冠詞與不使用冠詞的差異eg: in hospital住院/in the hospital在醫(yī)院 at school/at the school in chur

10、ch作禮拜/in the church by sea乘船/by the sea in front of/in the front of in future從今以后/in the future未來 out of question毫無疑問；沒問題/out of the question不可能使用定冠詞與使用不定冠詞的差異 eg: the most important meeting /a most important meetingthe third time第三次/a third time第三次+又(再)一次 in the distance在遠處/at a distance稍遠一些for the

11、 moment目前；暫時/for a moment一會兒a number of許多/the number of的數(shù)量兩個或多個名詞并列使用時的差異 兩個或多個名詞并列使用時，若指一個人或事物，則在第一個名詞前加冠詞，若指兩個或多個不同的人或事物，則每個名詞前都要加冠詞。eg: a Chinese and English dictionary一本漢英詞典a Chinese and an English dictionary 一本漢語詞典和一本英語詞典 He is a teacher and writer. They are a teacher and a writer.附錄資料：高中英語代 詞知

12、識點教案定義: 為了避免重復而用來代替名詞的詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自(反)身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞和不定代詞八種。一、人稱代詞是表示我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表： 數(shù) 單數(shù) 復數(shù) 格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 Ime weus 第二人稱 youyou youyou he him they them 第三人稱 sheher they them it it they them 如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。It is

13、 me.是我。人稱代詞的用法:人稱代詞主格在句中作主語、賓格在句中作賓語。如: They are playing football on the playground.Our teacher told us an interesting story.說明：在復合句中，如果主句和從句主語相同，代詞主語要用在從句中，名詞主語用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。說話人出于感情用he/she來代替國家、船只、動物等。(擬人)如: China is no longer what she used to

14、be.She is a fine ship.Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.3、 we/you/they有時用來代替一般的人如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.據(jù)說布郎先生很有錢。You/We should keep quiet in the library.在圖書館應保持安靜。4、人稱代詞it的特殊用法代替小孩和嬰兒如: Look at that poor little child. It has just fallen down.作形式主語或形式賓語如: It is necessary to

15、buy that dictionary. I consider it important to ask him for advice.打電話時用于指人如: Hello. It is Mary.用作主語指時間、距離、天氣等如: It is five oclock. It is fine today.用在強調句型中如: It is Mary who helped you yesterday.It is a dictionary that I received yesterday.人稱代詞的排列順序 1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序為： 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱you he/she;it

16、- I You, he and I should return on time. 2) 復數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時，其順序為： 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱weyou They注意： 在下列情況中，第一人稱放在前面。a. 在承認錯誤，承擔責任時， 如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。b. 在長輩對晚輩，長官對下屬說話時，如長官為第一人稱， 如：I an 如：I and you try to finish it. c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時， d. 當其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時。二、物主代詞表示所有關系的代詞，也可

17、叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表：數(shù)單數(shù) 復數(shù) 人稱 第一第二第三 第一第二 第三人稱 人稱人稱 人稱人稱 人稱 形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis/her/its our your their/its名 詞 性 物主代詞mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs/its如： I like his car.我喜歡他的小汽車。Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我們的學校在這兒，他們的在那兒。 說明：名詞性物主代詞 = 形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞 如：The w

18、atch is mine(= my watch).三、 指示代詞表示那個、這個、這些、那些等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是個好主意。this，these表示在時間上或空間上較近的人或物，that, those 表示在時間上或空間上較遠的人或物。如： This is my desk and that is yours.They are busy preparing for the English test these days.In those days they couldnt go to school

19、.this常指后面要講的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。如： I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That is why he didnt come.為了避免重復，常用that或those代替前面已提到過的名詞，其后通常接of短語作定語。如： The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbi

20、t are longer than those of a fox.說明1： 指示代詞this/that在作主語時可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時只能指物，不能指人，例如：(對)That is my teacher.那是我的老師。（ that作主語，指人） (對)He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結婚。 （this作限定詞） （this作限定詞）(錯)He is going to marry this.（this作賓語時不能指人）(對)I bought this.我買這個。 (this指物，可作賓語)說明2： That和those可作定語從句的先行詞，

21、但this和 these不能，同時，在作先行詞時，只有those可指人，試比較：(對) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。(對) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(錯) He admired that who danced well.（that作賓語時不能指人）(對) He admired those who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。（those指人）(對) He admired those which looked bea

22、utiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。（those指物）四、 表示 我自己、你自己、他自己、我們自己、你們自己和他們自己等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為反身代詞。如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自語。 反身代詞的用法:反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，含有“自己”的意思，但在漢語中有時不一定要把“自己”譯出來。如： He can look after himself.他能照顧他自己。They enjoyed themselves at Disneyland.他們在迪斯尼樂園玩得很開心。反身代詞可以在句中作同位語，起強調作用，置于名詞、代詞的后面或句末，表示“自己”

23、、 “親自”的意思。如： I myself did all the work. She opened the door herself.反身代詞還可以構成某些慣用語如： (all) by oneself 獨自地；一人地of oneself 自動地，自然而然地五、 表示相互關系的代詞叫相互代詞，有each other(指兩者之間) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之間)兩組，但在運用中，這兩組詞沒什么區(qū)別。如： They love each other.他們彼此相愛。 The three men distrusted one another.這三個人互不信任。六、 疑問代詞有who，w

24、hom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來構成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句）如： Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰。 1） 用來構成疑問句。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which2） which 和 what 所指的范圍不同：what所指的范圍是無限 的，的，而which則指在一定的范圍內，例如： eg:Which teachers do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個老師？ eg: What teachers do you like best? 你

25、喜歡什么樣的老師？3） what一般用來指物，指人時通常用來詢問職業(yè)或身份；而 who多用來詢問姓名或血緣關系等。 eg: -What is he? -He is a lawyer. -Who is he? -He is Tom/my father.七、 關系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞。它們代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。八、 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代詞,常

26、用的不定代詞如下: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 構成的復合詞。some和any的用法一般用法some, any（一些）可與復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。He has some Chinese paintings.Some like sports, o

27、thers like music.Ask me if you have any questions.Do you have any questions to ask me?I dont know any of the students.特殊用法some用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一You will be sorry for this some day.總有一天，你會后悔這件事的。some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中，表示期望對方作出肯定回答，如：Would you like some bananas?Could you lend me some money?any用于肯定句表示任何的意思You m

28、ay take any of them.Any child can do that.some, any在句中還可作狀語，此時它們?yōu)楦痹~。some意為大約，相當于“about”，而any則表示程度，意為稍微、絲毫。There are some 3,000 workers working in the factory.Do you feel any better today?2、many, much many，much都意為許多， many + 可數(shù)名詞，much + 不 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much ti

29、me has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 3、few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞a few / a little 為肯定含義，還有一點few / little為否定含義，沒有多少了。He has a few friends.他有幾個朋友。He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。We still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。典型例題:Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few 答案： A. spend所指的是錢，不可數(shù)，只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導的讓步狀語從句，由句意知后句為否定含義，因此應用little表示幾乎不。 4、both, ei