直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)間：2021.02. 11創(chuàng)作歐陽(yáng)計(jì)直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場(chǎng)作 相應(yīng)變動(dòng)。人稱代詞的變動(dòng)情況要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變 化，一般情況下，與漢語(yǔ)中的變化相同。可記住一個(gè)口訣： 一主、二賓、三不變。即第一人稱按照主句中的主語(yǔ)變化, 第二人稱按照主句中的賓語(yǔ)變化，第三人稱一般不需要變 化。例如:1) He said, I am glad to see you/ -He said that he was glad to see me.Do you know the man over there? Mary said to Tom.-Mary aske

2、d Tom if he knew the man over thereJim said to me, Jane left her schoolbag at home.-Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)， 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作

3、相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)改為 間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：He said, I usually watch TV on Sunday/他說(shuō)：我常在星期天 看電視。-He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說(shuō)他常在星 期天看電視。He said, Amusing the knife?他說(shuō)：我正在用小刀?！?He said that he was using the knife.他說(shuō)他正在用小刀。She said, have not heard from him since May.她說(shuō)：自從五 月份來(lái)我就沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信。TShe said t

4、hat she had not heard from him since May.女也說(shuō)自 從五月份以來(lái)她就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。He said, I came to help you.他說(shuō)：我來(lái)幫助你。 -He said that he had come to help me他說(shuō)他來(lái)幫助我。注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的 過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 The teacher said, The earth is round. 老師說(shuō)：“地球是圓的。 -The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說(shuō)地球是圓 的

5、。(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)?間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變He says, I finished the work.他說(shuō)：我做完工作 了?！?He says that he finished the work.他說(shuō)他做完工作T。He will say, I have watered the flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)：我己經(jīng)澆花 了。He will say he has watered the flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this/thesethat/those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)n

6、owthentoday that daytonight that nightthis week (month.) that week (month.)Yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month.)the week (month.)beforetwo weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)before tomorrow the next daynext week (month.)the next week (month.)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comego BringtakeHe said, My sister was

7、here three days ago.他說(shuō)：三天前我 妹妹在這兒。-He said that his sister had been there three days before他說(shuō) 三天前他妹妹在那兒。(here-there; ago-before)She said, will come here this evening/她說(shuō)：今晚我將來(lái)這 兒。TShe said that she would go there that evening.她說(shuō)那晚她將 去那兒。(comeTgo； here-there； thisTthat)以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說(shuō)話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而 定，不可機(jī)

8、械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或 tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。二、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語(yǔ)中 that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如I： She said to me, I came back an hour ago.-She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before三、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)2、疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變

9、為陳述句語(yǔ)序。2、主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said時(shí)，要改為asked；沒(méi)有間接賓 語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)(如 me, him 等)。3、句末用句號(hào)。4、從句中的人稱、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。5、原句若為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whether或訐轉(zhuǎn)述； He said, Are you interested in English?-He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English6、原句若為選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whether.or./.or not；I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a fi

10、lm tonight?-1 asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film th at night7原句若為反意疑問(wèn)句，則常用whether或訐轉(zhuǎn)述。Youve already got well, have nt you? she asked -She a sked (me) whether/if I had already got well四、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)如果直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原句中 的wh類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句的 情況25條一樣。例如：What is your name

11、?z, he asked me.-He asked me what my na me was.He asked: zzWhere are you to get off, Peter?THe asked Peter where he was to get off.如果在直接引語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，則語(yǔ)序不需要變化。例如: Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class? askedthe boys father.TThe boys father asked him whose picture was the most b

12、eau tiful in his class.五、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+asked sb. (not) to do sth.。1需將原祈使句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否 定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加note2、原主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said須改為asked, told或ordered等含 有祈使意義的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。ask sb. （not） to do sth.表示客氣）tell sb. （not） to do sth.（命 令性強(qiáng)于上面）order sb. （not） to do sth.（命令性最強(qiáng)）例如：He said,

13、 Dorft make so much noise.-He told us not to make so much noise.3、原句有please時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)多用asked （請(qǐng)求），并去掉 pleaseo 例如：He said to me, Shut the window, please.asked me to sh ut the window.4如果以let開頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用suggest + that 從句或suggest doing來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：Lets go to the cinema. Tom said.-Tom suggested going to t he c

14、inema.TTom suggested that they should go to the cinema.六、直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)， 詞序不變，也可用that引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。 例如：She said, What a lovely day it is!-She said what a lovely day i t was.He askedfor the computer.did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I payD. how much I paid

15、Have you seen the film? he asked me. THe asked mehad I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the filmPlease close the window/ he said to me. -Hemethe window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. as ked to close D. said to; please closeI am a tea

16、cher/ Jack said. -He said.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D he was a teacher 5. He said, Mother; the boy is very naughty/ -He - verynaughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his m

17、other tha t the boy wasYouve already got well, have nt you? she asked.歐陽(yáng)計(jì)創(chuàng)編TShe asked.A. if I have already got well, had nt you B. whether I had alrea dy got wellhave I already got well D. had I already got well.He asked , Are you a Party member or a League member?-He asked me.am I a Party member or

18、 a League memberwas I a Party member or a League memberif I was a Party member or a League memberwhether was I a Party member or a League member.He asked, How are you getting along? -He asked.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9

19、. He asked mewith me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matterA. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to doHe askedfor the violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paidCan

20、 you make surethe gold ring?A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice had put D. where has Alice putThese photos will show youwhat does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how our village look like D. how our village looks likeYou cant imaginewhen they received t

21、hese nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited th ey wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excitedto go or not.A. What, if B. That, whether C. What, whether D. What, whicheverIll ask my parents.A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me goC. if they will let me

22、 go D. whether they allow me to一Do you mind if Jim will come to help?1 really dont knowa person like him can help mewith.A. whatB. that C. howD訐He asked me 訐.the train will lateB. the train always arrived lateC. the train arrives on time D. the train stops hereIt is said in the book that Thomas Edis

23、on (1847-1931)the worldleading inventor for sixty years.A. would beB. has been C. had beenD. w as20. -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where wasi?Youyou didnt like your fathers job.A. had saidB. said C. were sayingD. had beensayingHe asked meI would go to Beijing by air the nextday.A. that 訐 B訐 C. that whether D. howJoyce, please dont open the window. Pardon?Iopen the window.A. tell you dont B. tell you not to C. told you didnt D. tol