沖壓模具外文英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、 HeatTreatmentofDieandMouldOrientedConcurrentDesignLIXiong,ZHANGHong-bing,RUANXueyu,LUOZhonghua,ZHANGYanAbstract:Manydisadvantagesexistinthetraditionaldiedesignmethodwhichbelongstoserialpattern.Itiswellknownthatheattreatmentishighlyimportanttothedies.Anewideaofconcurrentdesignforheattreatmentprocess

2、ofdieandmouldwasdevelopedinordertoovercometheexistentshortcomingsofheattreatmentprocess.HeattreatmentCAD/CAEwasintegratedwithconcurrentcircumstanceandtherelevantmodelwasbuilt.Theseinvestigationscanremarkablyimproveefficiency,reducecostandensurequalityofRandDforproducts.Keywords：diedesign;heattreatme

3、nt;mouldTraditionaldieandmoulddesign,mainlybyexperienceorsemiexperience，isisolatedfrommanufacturingprocess.Beforethedesignisfinalized，theschemeofdieandmouldisusuallymodifiedtimeandagain，thussomedisadvantagescomeintobeing,suchaslongdevelopmentperiod,highcostanduncertainpracticaleffect.Duetostrongdesi

4、resforprecision,servicelife,developmentperiodandcost,moderndieandmouldshouldbedesignedandmanufacturedperfectly.Thereforemoreandmoreadvancedtechnologiesandinnovationshavebeenapplied,forexample,concurrentengineering,agilemanufacturingvirtualmanufacturing,collaborativedesign,etc.Heattreatmentofdieandmo

5、uldisasimportantasdesign,manufactureandassemblybecauseithasavitaleffectonmanufacture，assemblyandservicelifeDesignandmanufactureofdieandmouldhaveprogressedrapidly，butheattreatmentlaggedseriouslybehindthemAsdieandmouldindustrydevelops，heattreatmentmustensuredieandmouldtherearegoodstateofmanufacture，as

6、semblyandwearresistantpropertiesbyrequest.ImpertinentheattreatmentcaninfluencedieandmouldmanufacturingsuchasoverhardandsoftandassemblyTraditionallytheheattreatmentprocesswasmadeoutaccordingtothemethodsandpropertiesbroughtforwardbydesignerThiscouldmakethedesignersofdieandmouldandheattreatmentdivergef

7、romeachother，forthedesignersofdieandmouldcouldnotfullyrealizeheattreatmentprocessandmaterialsproperties，andcontrarilythedesignersrarelyunderstoodtheserviceenvironmentanddesigningthought.Thesedivergenceswillimpacttheprogressofdieandmouldtoagreatextent.Accordingly，iftheprocessdesignofheattreatmentisco

8、nsideredintheearlydesigningstage，theaimsofshorteningdevelopmentperiod，reducingcostandstabilizingqualitywillbeachievedandthesublimationofdevelopmentpatternfromserialtoconcurrentwillberealizedConcurrentengineeringtakescomputerintegrationsystemasacarrier,attheverystartsubsequenteachstageandfactorshaveb

9、eenconsideredsuchasmanufacturing，heattreating，propertiesandsoforthinordertoavoidtheerrorTheconcurrentpatternhasdismissedthedefectofserialpattern,whichbringaboutarevolutionagainstserialpatternInthepresentworktheheattreatmentwasintegratedintotheconcurrentcircumstanceofthedieandmoulddevelopment，andthes

10、ystemicandprofoundresearchwasperformedHeatTreatmentUnderConcurrentCircumstanceTheconcurrentpatterndiffersultimatelyfromtheserialpattern(seeFig1).Withregardtoserialpattern，thedesignersmostlyconsiderthestructureandfunctionofdieandmould，yethardlyconsidertheconsequentprocess，sothattheformermistakesareea

11、silyspreadbackwardsMeanwhile，thedesigndepartmentrarelycommunicateswiththeassembling，costaccountingandsalesdepartmentsTheseproblemscertainlywillinfluencethedevelopmentprogressofdieandmouldandthemarketforegroundWhereasintheconcurrentpattern，therelationsamongdepartmentsareclose，therelateddepartmentsall

12、takepartinthedevelopmentprogressofdieandmouldandhavecloseintercommunionwithpurchasersThisispropitioustoeliminationoftheconflictsbetweendepartments，increasetheefficiencyandreducethecostAy=sertitiJjTi-g.Coim-erIlealirejUtiejiiLConsumFv.usinmiLUonHeal(reai-fUKniDfcandrtLoiitddcsigpduringHw:就idign円pal電機(jī)

13、Ascmtijprl國(guó)尊nMatrkeiH如人treatmentHealircALrnciiLpmocssdesignDkandmtnddmanul卅HLurinMrkvL.iiuaJj占IJiandrnnuMdf臨即1Qmuaiicry酬orniiealionN-SatisSied?HeattreatmentprocessintheconcurrentcircumstanceismadeoutnotafterblueprintandworkpiecetakenbutduringdieandmoulddesigningInthisway，itisfavorabletooptimizingthe

14、heattreatmentprocessandmakingfulluseofthepotentialofthematerialsIntegrationofHeatTreatmentCADCAEforDieandMouldItcanbeseenfromFig2thattheprocessdesignandsimulationofheattreatmentarethecoreofintegrationframeAfterinformationinputviaproductdesignmoduleandheattreatmentprocessgeneratedviaheattreatmentCADa

15、ndheattreatmentCAEmodulewillautomaticallydividethemeshforpartsdrawing，simulationtemperaturefieldmicrostructureanalysisafterheattreatmentandthedefectofpossibleemerging(suchasoverheat,overburning)，andthentheheattreatmentprocessisjudgediftheoptimizationismadeaccordingtotheresultreappearedbystereoscopic

16、visiontechnologyMoreovertoolandclampingapparatusCADandCAMareintegratedintothissystem TheconcurrentengineeringbasedintegrationframecanshareinformationwithotherbranchThatmakesforoptimizingtheheattreatmentprocessandensuringtheprocesssound3-DmodelandstereoscopicvisiontechnologyforheattreatmentTheproblem

17、saboutmaterials，structureandsizefordieandmouldcanbediscoveredassoonaspossibleby3-DmodelforheattreatmentbasedontheshapeofdieandmouldModelingheatingconditionandphasetransformationconditionfordieandmouldduringheattreatmentareworkable，becauseithasbeenbrokenthroughforthecalculationofphasetransformationth

18、ermodynamics，phasetransformationkinetics，phasestress,thermalstress，heattransfer，hydrokineticsetcForexample，3-Dheatconductingalgorithmmodelsforlocalheatingcomplicatedimpressionandasymmetricdieandmould，andMARCsoftwaremodelsformicrostructuretransformationwasusedComputercanpresenttheinformationsoftemper

19、ature，microstructureandstressatarbitrarytimeanddisplaytheentiretransformationprocedureintheformof3-Dbycouplingtemperaturefield,microstructurefieldandstressfieldIfthepropertycanbecoupled,variouspartialpropertiescanbepredictedbycomputerHeattreatmentprocessdesignDuetothespecialrequestsforstrength，hardn

20、ess，surfaceroughnessanddistortionduringheattreatmentfordieandmould，theparametersincludingquenchingmediumtype，quenchingtemperatureandtemperingtemperatureandtime，mustbeproperlyselected，andwhetherusingsurfacequenchingorchemicalheattreatmenttheparametersmustberightlydeterminedItisdifficulttodeterminethe

21、parametersbycomputerfullySincecomputertechnologydevelopsquicklyinrecentdecades,thedifficultywithlargescalecalculationhasbeenovercomeBysimulatingandweighingtheproperty，thecostandtherequiredperiodafterheattreatmentitisnotdifficulttooptimizetheheattreatmentprocessDatabaseforheattreatmentAheattreatmentd

22、atabaseisdescribedinFig3ThedatabaseisthefoundationofmakingoutheattreatmentprocessGenerally，heattreatmentdatabaseisdividedintomaterialsdatabaseandprocessdatabaseItisaninexorabletrendtopredictthepropertybymaterialsandprocessAlthoughitisdifficulttoestablishapropertydatabase，itisnecessarytoestablishthed

23、atabasebyaseriesoftestsThematerialsdatabaseincludessteelgrades,chemicalcompositions，propertiesandhomeandabroadgradesparalleltablesTheprocessdatabaseincludesheattreatmentcriterions，classes，heatpreservationtimeandcoolingvelocityBasedonthedatabase，heattreatmentprocesscanbecreatedbyinferringfromrulesSaU

24、sDftJ?3tkalinrftlnwiiRdatabflarHwrTrcntnu-mSTiefindMfluld竝itesdCjvrrondilionHealirie-aiinienlprocessdaLihas#Vrvpeny曲片1丿昨BmItminicinrwr紹HalirltJsdHLahaticni|piliToolandequipmentforheattreatmentAfterheattreatmentprocessisdetermined，toolandequipmentCADCAEsystemtransferstheinformationaboutdesignandmanuf

25、acturetothenumericalcontroldeviceThroughrapidtoolingprototype，thereliabilityoftoolandtheclampingapparatuscanbejudgedThewholeprocedureistransferredbynetwork，inwhichthereisnomanmadeinterferenceKeyTechniqueCouplingoftemperature，microstructure，stressandpropertyHeattreatmentprocedureisaprocedureoftempera

26、ture-microstructurestressinteractionThethreefactorscanallinfluencetheproperty(seeFig4)Duringheatingandcooling，hotstressandtransformationwillcomeintobeingwhenmicrostructurechanges.Transformationtemperature-microstructureandtemperaturemicrostructureandstress-propertyinteractoneachotherResearchontheint

27、eractionofthefourfactorshasbeengreatlydeveloped,buttheuniversalmathematicmodelhasnotbeenbuiltManymodelsfitthetestnicely，buttheycannotbeputintopracticeDifficultieswithmostofmodelsaresolvedinanalyticsolution，andnumericalmethodisemployedsothattheinaccuracyofcalculationexistsEvenso，comparingexperienceme

28、thodwithqualitativeanalysis，heattreatmentsimulationbycomputermakesgreatprogressEstablishmentandintegrationofmodelsThedevelopmentprocedurefordieandmouldinvolvesdesign,manufacture，heattreatment，assembly，maintenanceandsoonTheyshouldhaveowndatabaseandmode1Theyareinserieswitheachotherbytheentityrelationm

29、odelThroughestablishingandemployingdynamicinferencemechanism，theaimofoptimizingdesigncanbeachievedTherelationbetweenproductmodelandothermodelswasbuiltTheproductmodelwillchangeincasethecellmodelchangesInfact，itbelongstotherelationofdatawithdieandmouldAfterheattreatmentmodelisintegratedintothesystem，i

30、tisnomoreanisolatedunitbutamemberwhichisclosetoothermodelsinthesystemAftersearching，calculatingandreasoningfromtheheattreatmentdatabase,procedureforheattreatment，whichisrestrictedbygeometricmodel,manufacturemodelfordieandmouldandbycostandproperty，isobtainedIftherestrictionisdisobeyed，thesystemwillse

31、ndouttheinterpretativewarningAlldesigncellsareconnectedbycommunicationnetworkManagementandharmonyamongmembersThecomplexityofdieandmouldrequirescloselycooperatingamongitemgroupsBecauseeachmemberisshortofglobalconsiderationfordieandmoulddevelopment，theyneedtobemanagedandharmonizedFirstly,eachitemgroup

32、shoulddefineitsowncontrolconditionandresourcerequested,andlearnoftherequestofup-and-downworkingprocedureinordertoavoidconflictSecondly，developmentplanshouldbemadeoutandmonitormechanismshouldbeestablishedTheobstructioncanbedulyexcludedincasethedevelopmentishinderedAgilemanagementandharmonyredoundtoco

33、mmunicatinginformation，increasingefficiency，andreducingredundancyMeanwhileitisbeneficialforexcitingcreativity，clearingconflictandmakingthebestofresourceConclusionsHeattreatmentCADCAEhasbeenintegratedintoconcurrentdesignfordieandmouldandheattreatmentisgraphed,whichcanincreaseefficiency，easilydiscover

34、problemsandclearconflictsDieandmoulddevelopmentisperformedonthesameplatformWhentheheattreatmentprocessismadeout，designerscanobtaincorrelativeinformationandtransferself-informationtootherdesigndepartmentsontheplatformMakingoutcorrectdevelopmentscheduleandadjustingitintimecanenormouslyshortenthedevelo

35、pmentperiodandreducecostReferences：ZHOUXiong-hui，PENGYing-hongTheTheoryandTechniqueofModernDieandMouldDesignandManufactureMShanghai：ShanghaiJiaotongUniversityPress2000(inChinese)KangM，Park&ComputerIntegratedMoldManufacturingJIntJComputerIntegratedManufacturing，1995，5：229-239YauHT，MenoCHConcurrentPro

36、cessPlanningforFinishingMillingandDimensionalInspectionofSculpturedSurfaceinDieandMouldManufacturingJIntJProductResearch，1993，31(11)：27092725LIXiang，ZHOUXiong-hui，RUANXue-yuApplicationofInjectionMoldCollaborativeManufacturingSystemJJournaIofShanghaiJiaotongUniversity，2000，35(4)：1391-1394KuzmanK，Nard

37、inB，KovaeM,eta1TheIntegrationofRapidPrototypingandCAEinMouldManufacturingJJMaterialsProcessingTechnology，2001，111：279285LIXiong，ZHANGHongbing，RUANXue-yu，eta1HeatTreatmentProcessDesignOrientedBasedonConcurrentEngineeringJJournalofIronandSteelResearch，2002，14(4)：2629文獻(xiàn)出處：LIXiong,ZHANGHong-bing,RUANXue

38、yu,LUOZhonghua,ZHANGYan.HeatTreatmentofDieandMouldOrientedConcurrentDesignJ.JournalofIronandSteelResearch，2006,13(1):40-43，74模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計(jì)李雄，張鴻冰，阮雪榆，羅中華，張艷摘要：在一系列方式中，傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計(jì)方法存在許多缺點(diǎn)。眾所周知,熱處理對(duì)模具起著非常重要的作用。為了克服模具熱處理工藝存在的缺點(diǎn)，一種新的模具熱處理工藝并行設(shè)計(jì)方法已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來了。熱處理CAD/CAE技術(shù)是集成了并行環(huán)境和有關(guān)模型而建立的。這些調(diào)查研究可以顯著提高效率，降低成本，并保證產(chǎn)品

39、質(zhì)量達(dá)到R和D級(jí)。關(guān)鍵詞：模具設(shè)計(jì)；熱處理；模具傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計(jì)主要是依照自身實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)或依照部分實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而不是制造工藝在設(shè)計(jì)完成之前，模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進(jìn)，于是有些缺點(diǎn)便出現(xiàn)，例如開發(fā)時(shí)期長(zhǎng)，成本高和實(shí)際效果不明顯。由于對(duì)精確性、使用壽命、開發(fā)期和費(fèi)用的嚴(yán)格要求，先進(jìn)的模具要求設(shè)計(jì)和制造得十分完善。因此越來越先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中，例如并行工程、敏捷制造業(yè)、虛擬制造業(yè)、協(xié)同合作設(shè)計(jì)等。模具的熱處理與模具設(shè)計(jì)，制造和裝配同樣重要。因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)模具的制造裝配和使用壽命又及其重要的影響。模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造發(fā)展十分迅速，但是熱處理發(fā)展卻嚴(yán)重滯后它們。隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須保證模具有良

40、好的制造裝配和磨損耐熱性能。不切實(shí)際的熱處理將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟，同時(shí)影響模具裝配性能。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計(jì)師提出的方法和特性制作出來的。這樣會(huì)使模具設(shè)計(jì)師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧，而模具設(shè)計(jì)師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝和材料的性能，相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使用環(huán)境和設(shè)計(jì)思路。這些分歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展。因此，如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)放在設(shè)計(jì)階段之前，則縮短開發(fā)周期，減少花費(fèi)和保證質(zhì)量等目標(biāo)將會(huì)被考慮，而且從串行到并行的發(fā)展模式也將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。并行工程是以計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)作為載體，在開始以后，每個(gè)階段和因素都被看作如制造、熱處理、性能等等，以避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了

41、串行模式的缺陷，由此帶來了一場(chǎng)對(duì)串行模式的革命。在當(dāng)前的工作中，熱處理被集成到了模具開發(fā)的并行環(huán)境中，同時(shí)也正在進(jìn)行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究。熱處理下的并行環(huán)境并行模式與串行模式存在根本的不同（見圖1）。對(duì)于串行模式，設(shè)計(jì)者大多考慮的是模具的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，但很難考慮相關(guān)的工藝，以致前者的錯(cuò)誤很容易蔓延到后面。與此同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)本門很少與裝配，預(yù)算會(huì)計(jì)和銷售部門溝通。這些問題當(dāng)然會(huì)影響模具的開發(fā)進(jìn)度和市場(chǎng)前景。然而在并行模式中，不但以上部門關(guān)系聯(lián)系密切，所有參加模具開發(fā)的部門都與買家有密切的交流。這有助于協(xié)調(diào)各部門消除矛盾，提高工作效率，同時(shí)降低成本。(b)(a)串行模式(b)并行模式圖1.基于摸具開

42、發(fā)的串行工程與并行工程系統(tǒng)框架示意圖并行環(huán)境下的熱處理工藝不是在方案和工件確定以后，而是在模具設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候制定出來的。這樣的話，將有利于優(yōu)化熱處理工藝，充分利用材料。模具熱處理CAD/CAE體化從圖2中可以看出，熱處理工藝的設(shè)計(jì)與模擬是一體化模式的核心。在信息輸入產(chǎn)品模塊中后，經(jīng)熱處理工藝過程產(chǎn)生的熱處理CAD和熱處理CAE模塊將對(duì)于零件圖，熱處理以后模擬溫度場(chǎng)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析和可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷(例如過熱，燒傷)自動(dòng)劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果優(yōu)化是根據(jù)立體視覺技術(shù)的結(jié)果重新出現(xiàn)，則這項(xiàng)熱處理工藝已經(jīng)被審核。而且工具與夾具的CAD和CAE也集成于這種系統(tǒng)中。工任翠成型改進(jìn)工件和設(shè)模型工件#-frCAD盟睞OVOW

43、撫蠡 圖2.并行工程熱處理CAD/CAE一體化系統(tǒng)框架示意圖以并行工程為基礎(chǔ)的集成模式可以與其它類似模式共享信息。這樣使熱處理工藝得到優(yōu)化，并確保改工藝準(zhǔn)確。2.1采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理在形成模具的基礎(chǔ)上，材料，結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸的問題能通過熱處理三維模型盡快發(fā)現(xiàn)出來。在熱處理過程中，模具加熱條件和相變條件是切合實(shí)際的，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^計(jì)算相變熱力、相變動(dòng)力、相應(yīng)力、熱應(yīng)力、傳熱速度、流體動(dòng)力等已經(jīng)取得重要突破例如，能進(jìn)行局部復(fù)雜表面和不對(duì)稱模具的三維熱傳導(dǎo)模型計(jì)算，和能進(jìn)行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的MARC軟件模型。計(jì)算機(jī)能夠在任何時(shí)間提交溫度，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)力的信息，并通過連接溫度場(chǎng)微觀結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域和力場(chǎng)來顯示三維形式的全部改變過程。如果再加上這種特性，則各部分性能都能通過計(jì)算機(jī)預(yù)見。2.2熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)由于對(duì)強(qiáng)度和硬度，表面粗糙度和模具熱處理變形的特殊要求，淬火介質(zhì)的種類、淬火溫度、回火溫度和時(shí)間等參數(shù)特性必須經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇，以及是