初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)公開課

1、定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。引導(dǎo)定 語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose 等； 關(guān)系副詞有 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2、代替先行詞。3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句l.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)，whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴he boys who are playing football are from Class On

2、e.Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Football is a game which is liked by most boys.This is the pen (which) he

3、bought yesterday.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者 賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen down.二.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)The school (that/w

4、hich) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等This is the watch which/tha

5、t I am looking for. (T)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用 which,不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whoseThe man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)The tool pith which he is working is called a hammer. (T)三.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I still remember the day wh

6、en I first came to the school.The time when we got together finally came.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Shanghai is the city where I was bom.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.I dont know the reason why he looks unhapp

7、y today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ whichH 結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is t

8、his the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?注意限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that不用which的幾種情況領(lǐng)先彳亍詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜)，few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí),或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?There seems

9、to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.There is little that I can do for you.領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.領(lǐng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have seen.當(dāng)形容詞被 the very, the only,the same 修飾時(shí)This is th

10、e very dictionary that I want to buy,After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.領(lǐng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?.領(lǐng)先行詞既有人，也有物時(shí)Can you remember the teachers and the school that we have visited?.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句

11、中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)(l)China is not the countiy (that) it was.只用which不用that的情況：1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)；e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中；作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)；e.g. The clock is that wh

12、ich tells the time定語(yǔ)從句專練 一、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that which、who whom、whose 1 .This is the man wants to see you.The student answered the question is Zhang Hua.The man you went to see has come.The man I met yesterday lent me some money.The woman you saw is our geography teacher.The runner you are asking about is ov

13、er there.The person you should write to is Mr. Ball.8,The man was passing by saw what happened.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday.These books you lent me were very useful.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.A clock is a machine tells people the time.There is only

14、 one thing I can do.A dictionary is a book gives the meaning to the word.The book is on the table is mine.The film they are talking about is very interesting.1 will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited.s there anyone family is in Beijing?how me the boy mother is a well-known si

15、nger.The boy father is a teacher is good at English.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady comes from Beijing.This is the museum we visited last year.Charlie told his mother all had happened.1 like the house windows face south.The young woman I spoke just now is a young doctor.一Which is your new ne

16、ighbor, Liu Hua? 一The man T-shirt is red.Were talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night. He told me all he knew. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory hard work was repaid with thedevelopment of the factory.The first thing we should do is to

17、work out a plan.二、選擇最正確答案.The place interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which.Do you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke.This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D.

18、where they stayed 4.Do you know the year we first met? A. which B. that C. when D. on which.That is the day 1*11 never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when.The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which. Em interested in you have said. A.

19、all that B. all what C. that D. which.This is one of the best films this year.A. that have been shown B. that have shown C. that has been shown.Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked lO.The pen he is writing is

20、 mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by whichHe talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. whatcan never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; whenIs thi

21、s the factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the oneIs this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the oneIs this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the oneWhats the name of the program.A. which are list

22、ening B. you are listening toC. to that you are listening D. that you are listeningThe students were all interested you told them yesterday.A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everythingHe was the only person in his office was invited.A. Whom B. whose C. that D. whichDo you know the studen

23、t?A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk 21. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary?A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need itThose not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. Learn B. who C. that learns D. w

24、ho learnHe failed in the examination,made his father very angry.A. which B. it C. that D. whatWhere is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?一Im not sure. Is it in the hall can hold 300 people?A. Where B. what C. that D. when一What kind of movies do you like? 一I like movies scary

25、 monsters.A.which has B. that have C. what has D. why haveThe boy has two lovely dogs.A. whom love next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next doorD. that lives next doorDont go in, this is the shop wc have just been.A. / to B. that / C. where to D. which thereAll glitters is not goldA. th

26、at B. which C. who D. whoseGod helps those help themselvesA. that B. which C. who D. whom被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Passive Voice)(一)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + doneRice is grown in the south of the country.一般過去時(shí)：was / were + doneA new

27、 car factory was built there last month.一般將來時(shí)：shall / will + be doneCars will be sent abroad by sea.過去將來時(shí)：should / would + be doneThe manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + doneEnglish lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / w

28、ere + being + done The road was being mended.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + doneI have been told the sports meeting might be put off.過去完成時(shí)：had + been + doneWhen I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + doneYour compositions must be handed in after class.(

29、三)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。We have bought a new computer. A new computer.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一 般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比擬多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，那么在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：A presenton my birthday.注意：

30、.一般在以下動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her.一般在以下動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。A new ski

31、rt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng) 詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞+ 介詞，如：agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.不及物動(dòng)詞+ 副

32、詞：如:bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：We alw

33、ays keep the classroom clean.一The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.一We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, find, look at, make, feel 等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足 語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to.We often hear him play the guitar. 一He is often hea

34、rd to play the guitar.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等含有否認(rèn)意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)?anybody,作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉裾J(rèn)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： Nobody can answer this question. The question can not be answered by anybody.當(dāng)否認(rèn)句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變 為nothing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： They havent done anyth

35、ing to make the river clean.Nothing has been done to make the river clean.（四）以下情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：1 感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain2、不及物動(dòng)詞，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：appear, happen, rise,take place, break out, belong to,3、賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸?動(dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：I taught mysel

36、f English.We love each other.4、有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi) 在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：（2）The new product sells well.The books were sold out.（被動(dòng)句）The meat was cooked for a long time.（被動(dòng)旬（1 ）The cloth washes easily.比照：The books se

37、ll well.（主動(dòng)句）The meat didn 7 cook well.（主動(dòng)句）（五）在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如:據(jù)說Itis said that.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)It is reported that .據(jù)推測(cè)It is supposed that.希望Itis hoped that .眾所周知It is well known that.普遍認(rèn)為It is generally considered that.有人建議It is suggested that.It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow

38、.It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.（六）need/require doing =need/require to be done allow doing sh=be allowed to do sth be worth doing 值得做一、選擇題（2x15=30分）( )1.a new library in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident on

39、this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened()3.Cotton (棉花)in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history

40、in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees this year?A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( )7. A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )

41、8.-When this kind of computers? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used()9.The Great Wall all over the world.A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known()10.Who this book?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( )1 l.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was to

42、ld us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( )12.The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( )13.The school bagbehind the chair.A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ()14.01der people well.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looke

43、d after( )15.0ur teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(1x20=20分)(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)) l.Its said(據(jù)說)that the long bridge (build) in two months.Where to have the meeting (discuss) now.Which language the most widely (speak) in the world?Th

44、e lost boy (not find) so far.Last year a large number of trees (cut) down.The students often(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.The old man is ill. He(must send) to the hospital.Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.What knives (make) of ?They(make) of metal(金屬)and wood.Can the ma

45、gazine(take) out of the library?The room(clean) by me every day.The stars cant（see） in the daytime.Some flowers（water） by Li Ming already.This kind of shoes（sell） well.How long your uncle（be） in the city?The food（smell） delicious.Look! Someone（dance）.三、按要求改寫以下句子，一空一詞。（1x30=3。分）s tea grown in South C

46、hina?（改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） people tea in South China?am given a birthday present by my parents every year. （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday present by my parents every year.The work is going to be finished in two days.（對(duì)戈U線提問）How the work going to be finished ?. The children will sing an English song.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） An English song b

47、y the children. You needn*t do it now.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）It by you now. People use metal for making machines,（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） Metal making machines. He made me do that for him,（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）I that for him.They are watching the football match.The football match by them.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） a bridge here by them a year ago?.They have sold out the light green dres