02-Basics Dez 2008-e德和盛油氣站防雷講座

1、Practical Examples of Damage caused by Lightning and Overvoltage雷擊及過電壓導致的損害實例7 tanks hit by a lightning strikeOil refinery Pertamina, Cilacap/Java, 1995雷擊導致7個儲油罐損壞 Pertamina煉油廠，芝拉扎/爪哇，1995年26.03.09 / 3007eFloating Roof Tanks - Tank fire caused by a lightning strike into the Trzebinia refinery, Polan

2、d浮頂儲油罐 由于雷擊導致Trzebinia 煉油廠的儲油罐著火，波蘭06/05/2002Capacity of 10 000 m- 10 000 m容量800 tonnes of oil- 800噸油Damage of 4 million EUR損失4百萬歐元Floating Roof Tanks - Tank fire caused by a lightning strike into the Trzebinia refinery, Poland浮頂儲油罐 由于雷擊導致Trzebinia 煉油廠的儲油罐著火，波蘭Protective steelpipe 保護鋼管Cabletomeasuri

3、ng station通往測量站電纜Float浮漂Measuringresistor測量電阻Damage: DEA-Scholven refinery Measuring equipment for determining the average temperature in the tank損壞：DEA-Scholven煉油廠檢測儲油罐平均溫度的測量設備26.03.09 / 83eS342eMeasuring and control cable 測控電纜Faraday cage 法拉第盒“Faraday hole” “法拉第孔” = 100 kARE = 1 U = 100 kV342e.pp

4、t / 03.07.98 / ESCLightning strike into Faraday cage causes flashover into the incoming cable Faraday hole雷電擊中法拉第盒導致其同穿過法拉第孔的電纜之間跳火LawsRegulationsDirectives法令法規(guī)指令歐洲協(xié)議Overview of explosion protection regulations in Germany and Europe德國和歐洲的防爆法規(guī)總覽Directives concerning the free movement of goods關于物品自由往來

5、的指令Directives concerning minimum regulations for employees at work關于作業(yè)員工最小法規(guī)集的指令Article 95Regulations concerning launch and quality of goods關于物品投放和質量的法規(guī)Regulations on operation操作法規(guī)ATEX 95directive 94/9/ECATEX 137 directive 1999/92/ECExplosionprotection regulation(EXVO)防爆法規(guī)Ordinance concerning the pr

6、otection of safety and health (BetrSichV)7 and 12 of the ordinance on hazardous substances關于安全和健康的法規(guī)（BetrSichV）關于危險物質法規(guī)的7 and 12 Article 137Ref.: VDE series 6526.03.09 / 5104eATEX 95directive 94/9/ECATEX 137directive 1999/92/ECEU directive - ATEXATmosphres EXplosiblesIn Germany the European directiv

7、e 94/9/EC was transposed into national law in the form of the Equipment Safety Act (GSG). The associated Explosion Regulation (EXVO) regulates the launch of devices and protection systems for hazardous areas and defines general technical conditions. Note:On 1st May 2004 the new Equipment and Product

8、 Safety Act (GPSG) came into effect. It includes the Equipment Safety Act which was invalidated on 31st December 2007.在德國，歐洲指令94/9/EC已經(jīng)以設備安全規(guī)范(GSG)的形式納入到國家法令中。相關的防爆法規(guī)（EXVO）規(guī)范了危險區(qū)域中設備和防護系統(tǒng)的投放，并且定義了一般性的技術條件。注意：新的設備和產(chǎn)品安全規(guī)范 (GPSG) 于2004年5月1日生效。它包括了于2007年21月31日生效的設備安全規(guī)范。Overview of explosion protection r

9、egulations in Germany and Europe德國和歐洲的防爆法規(guī)總覽ATEX 95directive 94/9/ECATEX 137directive 1999/92/ECEU directive - ATEX AT mosphres EX plosiblesIn Germany the European Directive 1999/92/EC is laid down in the industrial safety legislation (ArbSchG). The associated Ordinance concerning the Protection of

10、Safety and Health (BetrSichV) defines the requirements for the provision and use of work equipment as well as the operation of systems.The Explosion Protection Regulations EX-RL (BGR 104) issued by the trade association provide help for the implementation of German national health and safety regulat

11、ions for hazardous areas.在德國，歐洲指令1999/92/EC規(guī)定于工業(yè)安全法規(guī)（ArbSchG）中。相應的關于安全和健康保護的法令（BetrSichV）定義了作業(yè)設備的提供、使用以及操作的要求。由商會頒布的防爆法規(guī)EX-RL(BGR 104)有助于在全德國范圍內(nèi)危險區(qū)域中健康和安全法規(guī)的執(zhí)行。Overview of explosion protection regulations in Germany and Europe德國和歐洲的防爆法規(guī)總覽Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (Betr

12、SichV)關于安全和健康保護的法令（BetrSichV）(1) Installations subject to monitoring shall be assembled, installed, and operated according to the state of the art. In compliance with the state of the art, the rules and findings determined by the Advisory Committee on Protection at Work as published by the Federal M

13、inistry of Economics and Labor in the Federal Labor Gazette shall be adhered to.(1)用于監(jiān)視的裝置應當采用最新技術進行裝配、安裝和操作。為了滿足最新技術的要求，應當遵循相應咨詢委員會制定的關于作業(yè)中防護的規(guī)則，這些規(guī)則同時也由聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟和勞工部在聯(lián)邦勞工刊物上所刊載。12Operation 操作Section 3 第3章Special provisions relating to installationssubject to monitoring用于監(jiān)視的特殊裝置26.03.09 / 4721e_cOn 3rd

14、October 2002 the Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV) of 27th September 2002 came into effect. 2002年9月27日頒布的關于安全和健康保護的法令于2002年10月3日生效The ordinance is used: For the provision of work equipment by the employer as well as for the use of work equipment by employees at wor

15、k (compare 1 Section 1 of the Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health)For installations subject to monitoring in accordance with 2 Section 2a of the Device Safety Act法令用于: 雇主對作業(yè)設備的提供以及雇員對作業(yè)設備的使用(第1章1關于安全和健康保護的闡述) 根據(jù)第2a章2關于設備安全規(guī)范的闡述, 適用于起監(jiān)視作用的裝置Ordinance concerning the Protection of

16、Safety and Health (BetrSichV)關于安全和健康保護的法令（BetrSichV）26.03.09 / 4721e_aEquipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG)設備和產(chǎn)品安全規(guī)范 (GPSG)Ref.: Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG) 1st May 2004 edition(7) Installations subject to mandatory inspection are1. Steam boiler installations with the exception of stea

17、m boiler installations on ocean-going vessels2. Pressure vessel installations except for steam boilers3. Installations for the filling of gases which are compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure4. Piping under internal overpressure for inflammable, corrosive or toxic gases, vapours or liqui

18、ds5. Lift installations6. Installations in potentially explosive atmospheres7. Beverage dispensing installations and installations for the production of carbonated beverages8. Acetylene installations and calcium carbide stores9. Installations for the storage, filling and transportation of inflammabl

19、e liquids(7) 需要強制檢查的裝置有1. 蒸汽鍋爐裝置，用于遠航船只上的蒸汽鍋 爐裝置除外2. 蒸汽鍋爐之外的壓力容器裝置3. 填充可壓縮成液態(tài)或在壓力下可溶的氣體的裝置4. 內(nèi)部具有超壓的易燃性、腐蝕性或毒性氣體、蒸汽或液體的管道系統(tǒng)5. 升降機裝置6. 在潛在爆燃性空氣中的裝置7. 飲料配劑裝置以及碳酸飲料的生產(chǎn)裝置8. 乙炔裝置以及碳化鈣儲存物9. 可燃性液體的存儲、填充以及運輸裝置26.03.09 / 4721e_f Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health關于安全和健康保護的法令The Ordinanc

20、e concerning the Protection of Safety and Health includes regulations on the provision and use of work equipment including installations subject to monitoring.關于安全和健康保護的法令包括關于提供和使用作業(yè)設備的法規(guī)，其中作業(yè)設備包括用于監(jiān)視的設備Harmonisation of the European health and safety regulations, deregulation with increased entrepre

21、neurial freedom.協(xié)調歐洲的健康和安全法規(guī)，根據(jù)日益增長的企業(yè)自主性的要求做相應適配Aims:目的：Increased effort for employers and operators due to increased responsability由于不斷增加的責任，需要雇員和操作員作持續(xù)不斷的努力But:但是：26.03.09 / 4721e_h SummaryKeeping an operation diary保留操作日記Operator has to get active操作員必須保持積極主動Definition of test intervals定義測試間隔Defin

22、ition of explosion protection zones定義爆炸防護區(qū)域Creation of an explosion protection document創(chuàng)建爆炸防護文檔Performance of a risk assessment執(zhí)行風險評估Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health關于安全和健康保護的法令Assessment of explosion risk爆炸風險的評估Identification of risks by means of safety-related parameters.A)

23、 通過安全相關的參數(shù)來認定風險B) Determination whether an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur and to what extent B) 判定是否有可能存在爆燃性氣體以及多大的可能性存在C) Determination whether ignition sources exist which might ignite the explosive atmosphere and how likely these ignition sources are to occur C) 判定是否存在可能點燃爆炸性氣體的點火源，以及這些點

24、火源有多大的可能性存在D) Determination of explosion effectsD) 判定爆炸效應E) Risk evaluationE) 風險評估F) Consideration of measures to reduce the risk F) 考慮降低風險的措施Source: DIN EN 1127 - 1What does the ATEX 137stipulate for Lightning Protection in hazardous Areas?ATEX 137為危險區(qū)域的防雷保護規(guī)定了那些？Which essential obligations do empl

25、oyers have in accordance with theOrdinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV)?根據(jù)關于安全和健康保護的法規(guī)(BetrSichV)，哪些是雇主必不可少的責任？ Risk assessment in accordance with 3 BetrSichV considering 5 ArbSchG, 7 Ordinance on Hazardous Substances (obligation to determinate) and the general principl

26、es of 4 ArbSchG ( 3 Section 1 and 2 BetrSichV). 考慮5 ArbSchG， 7危險物質的法規(guī)(強制判定)以及4 ArbSchG的一般原則，基于3 BetrSichV作風險評估(3的第1章和第2章BetrSichV) Interaction of work equipment with one other or with working material or material or the environment has to be considered when performing a risk assessment ( 3 Section 1

27、 BetrSichV) 當執(zhí)行風險評估時，必須考慮作業(yè)設備之間以及其同作業(yè)材料或環(huán)境之間的相互作用(3 第1章BetrSichV)。 26.03.09 / 5171e_aOrdinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health (BetrSichV)關于安全和健康保護的法規(guī)(BetrSichV)Risk in case of a lightning strike雷電擊中時的風險“Consideration of all potential ignition sources“所有潛在點火源的考慮”-direct and indirect (

28、induced)包括直接和非直接的方式Risk assessment風險評估EN 1127-1:1997 “Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology“EN 1127-1:1997 “爆燃性氣體-爆炸防止和保護-Part 1: 基本概念和方法”The following potential ignition sources as described in the standard:標準中描述了下面幾種潛在的點火源：- Flames and

29、 hot gases - 明火以及高溫氣體- Hot surfaces - 高溫表面- Mechanically generated sparks - 機械導致的火花- Electrical apparatus - 電氣設備- Stray electric currents - 雜散電流- Static electricity - 靜電- Lightning - 雷電- Electromagnetic waves - 電磁波- Ionising radation - 電離輻射- Ultrasonics - 超聲波26.03.09 / 5421e26.03.09 / S4366e_aExplos

30、ion prevention - Basic concepts and methodology DIN EN 1127 - 1, October 1997防爆-基本概念和方法DIN EN 1127-1, 1997年10月5 Elements of risk assessment 風險評估的要素5.3.8 Lightning 雷電If lightning strikes an explosive atmosphere, ignition will always occur. Moreover, there is also a possibility of ignition due to the

31、high temperature reached by lightning conductors.如果雷電擊中爆燃性氣體，點火效應必定發(fā)生。而且，由于雷電傳導導致的高溫總是有可能發(fā)生點火效應的。Large currents flow from where the lightning strikes and these currents can produce sparks in the vicinity of the point of impact.從雷擊點發(fā)出的大電流，會導致所到之處附近產(chǎn)生火花。Even in absence of lightning strikes thunderstor

32、ms can cause high induced voltages in equipment, protective systems and components.哪怕是雷電沒有擊中之處，雷暴也會導致設備、保護系統(tǒng)和元件內(nèi)產(chǎn)生很高的傳導電壓。For protective measures against ignition hazards due to lightning, see 6.4.8.對于針對雷擊導致的點火危害的保護性措施，見6.4.8Lightning as an ignition source in accordance with EN 1127-1 (6.4.8)根據(jù)EN 11

33、27-1 (6.4.8)將雷電作為點火源If hazards due to lightning have been identified, the following specific requirements for equipment, protective systems and components shall apply:All categories: Installations shall be protected by the appropriate lightning protection measures.The effects of lightning occurring

34、outside zone 0 and 20 shall be prevented, e.g. overvoltage protection systems could be installed at appropriate places.These requirements shall be included in the information for use (see section 7).Protective measures against lightning shall not impair cathodic corrosion protection / local cathodic

35、 corrosion protection / Ex i measures.雷電危害被認定后，針對設備、保護系統(tǒng)和元件的下面規(guī)格要求應當被遵循：對所有類別：裝置應當由適當?shù)睦讚舴雷o措施保護。發(fā)生在區(qū)域0和20之外的雷擊效應應當避免，比如：在適當?shù)奈恢冒惭b過壓保護系統(tǒng)。這些要求應當包含在使用信息中(見第7章)。防雷的保護性措施不應當削弱陰極防腐保護/局部陰極防腐保護/隔爆措施的效果。26.03.09 / S4366e_c Ordinance concerning the Protection of Safety and Health關于安全和健康保護的法規(guī)Implementation of li

36、ghtning and surge protection measures雷電和浪涌防護措施的執(zhí)行(1) Installations subject to monitoring shall be assembled, installed, and operated according to the state of the art. In compliance with the state of the art, the rules and findings determined by the Advisory Committee on Protection at Work as publis

37、hed by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor in the Federal Labor Gazette shall be adhered to.(1)用于監(jiān)視的裝置應當采用最新技術進行裝配、安裝和操作。為了滿足最新技術的要求，應當遵循相應咨詢委員會制定的關于作業(yè)中防護的規(guī)則，這些規(guī)則同時也由聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟和勞工部在聯(lián)邦勞工刊物上所刊載。12OperationSection 3 第3章Special provisions relating to installationssubject to monitoring用于監(jiān)視的特殊裝置 2 Defin

38、itions(7) Installations subject to mandatory inspection are- steam boiler installations with the exception of steam boiler installations on ocean- going vessels, - pressure vessel installations except for steam boilers, - installations for the filling of gases which are compressed, liquefied or diss

39、olved under pressure, - piping under internal overpressure for inflammable, corrosive or toxic gases, vapours or liquids, - lift installations, - installations in potentially explosive atmospheres, - beverage dispensing installations and installations for the production of carbonated beverages, - ac

40、etylene installations and calcium carbide Stores- installations for the storage, filling and transportation of inflammable liquids. Measuring and control equipment ensuring safe operation of the installation also fall into this category. 用于確保裝置安全操作的測量和控制的設備也屬于此類目。26.03.09 / 5189e_dAct on Technical E

41、quipment and Consumer Products (Equipment and Product Safety Act GPSG) of 6th January 2004 BGBl. 2004 I S.2技術裝備和消費產(chǎn)品的規(guī)范(設備和產(chǎn)品安全的規(guī)范-GPSG)2004年1月6日 GBGI.2004 I S.2下面內(nèi)容同第13頁！AIR (OXYGEN)空氣(氧氣)EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE爆炸性物質LIGHTNING AS IGNITION SOURCE雷電作為點火源Prevention of the simultaneous occurence of: Flammab

42、le substances (gas, vapour, mist or dust)in hazardous quantities Air (oxygen) Ignition sources (energy in the form of heat or sparks)防止下列要素同時存在： 可燃物質(氣體，蒸汽，霧或粉塵)達到危險數(shù)量 空氣(氧氣) 點火源(能量以熱或火花的形式存在)Basic principle of explosion proteciton防爆的基本原理26.03.09 / 4189e_aRisk in case of a lightning strike雷電擊中時的風險“C

43、onsideration of all potential ignition sources“所有潛在點火源的考慮”-direct and indirect (induced)包括直接和非直接的方式Risk assessment風險評估control roomRisk assessment 風險評估Intrinsically safe circuit 本安電路Non-hazarous areaHazardous area M&C circuit Ex(i)1 IN 2Ex zone 0Ex zone 1, 226.03.09 / 3904e_aEx i barrierWhat is speci

44、fied in the Lightning Protection Standard?雷電防護標準規(guī)定了那些？“Lightning protection“ DIN EN 62305 / VDE 0185-305Part 1 General principlesPart 4 Electrical andelectronicsystems withinstructuresPart 2 Risk managementPart 3Physical damage to structures and life hazardLightning protection standard DIN EN 62305

45、(VDE 0185-305)防雷標準 DIN EN 62305 (VDE 0185-305)26.03.09 / S6004eSupplement 1Additional information on the use of DIN EN 62305-3 (German only)Supplement 2Additional information on specialstructures (German only)Supplement 3Additional information on the inspectionand maintenance of LPS (German only)相應中

46、文見下頁！Next slide for English!“雷電防護“ DIN EN 62305 / VDE 0185-305Part 1 通則Part 4 建筑物內(nèi)的電氣和電子系統(tǒng)Part 2 風險評估Part 3對建筑物的物理損壞和對生命的危害Lightning protection standard DIN EN 62305 (VDE 0185-305)防雷標準 DIN EN 62305 (VDE 0185-305)26.03.09 / S6004e增補1使用DIN EN 62305-3的附加信息 (限德國)增補2特殊建筑物的附加信息(限德國)增補3LPS的維護和檢查的附加信息 (限德國)

47、Supplements26.03.09 / S6014eNormative annexDIN EN 62305-3 (VDE0185-305-3):2006-10Protection against lightning Physical damage to structures and life hazardAnnex APositioning theair-termination systemAnnex BMinimum cross-sectionof the enteringcable screen in order to avoid dangerous sparkingInformati

48、ve annexAnnex CPartitioning of the lightning current amongst down-conductorsAnnex DAdditional information for LPS in the case of structureswith a risk of explosionAnnex EGuidelines for design, construction, maintenance and inspection of LPSSupplement 1:Additional information on the use of DIN EN 623

49、05-3 (German only) Supplement 2:Additional information on special structures (German only) Supplement 3:Additional information on the inspection and maintenance of lightning protection systems (German only) Protection against lightning Physical damage to structures and life hazard雷電防護 對建筑物的物理損壞和對生命的

50、危害additional nationalinformation相應中文見下頁！Next slide for English!Supplements26.03.09 / S6014eNormative annexDIN EN 62305-3 (VDE0185-305-3):2006-10雷電防護 對建筑物的物理損壞和對生命的危害Annex A接閃系統(tǒng)的位置Annex B為避免危險火花而規(guī)定的進入電纜的最小橫截面Informative annexAnnex C通過引下線的雷電流的分割Annex D在建筑物有爆炸危險的情況下，LPS的附加信息Annex ELPS的設計、搭建、維護和檢查指導Supp

51、lement 1:使用DIN EN 62305-3的附加信息 (限德國) Supplement 2:特殊建筑物的附加信息(限德國) Supplement 3:LPS的檢查和維護的附加信息 (限德國) 附加國家專用信息Protection against lightning Physical damage to structures and life hazard雷電防護 對建筑物的物理損壞和對生命的危害Buildings and installations in hazardous areasin accordance with VDE 62305 Part 3危險區(qū)域的建筑和裝置，基于VDE

52、 62305 Part 3A lightning protection system designed according to class of LPS II meets the normative requirements for potentially explosive atmospheres. In well-foundedcircumstances or special conditions such as extreme environmental impact, climaticconditions or legal regulations an exception can b

53、e made. The following requirements are based on class of LPS II.一個根據(jù)LPS II要求設計的雷電防護系統(tǒng)滿足潛在爆燃性空氣的標準型要求。例外情況僅限于具有充分理由或特殊的條件下，比如極端的環(huán)境影響，氣候條件或法律法規(guī)的原因。下面的需求基于LPS II。NOTE The requirements are based on tried and tested designs of lightning protectionsystems in hazardous areas.注意：這些需求的提出是基于危險區(qū)域中雷電防護系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過試驗驗證的

54、設計。DefinitionsIn addition to the definitions of DIN EN 62305-1 (VDE 0185-305-1), definitions of DIN EN 60079-14 (VDE 0165-1) Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheresand DIN EN 61241-14 (VDE 0165-2) Electrical apparatus for use in the presence ofcombustible dust also apply for potentially e

55、xplosive atmospheres.定義： 除了DIN EN 62305-1 (VDE 0185-305-1)的定義外，關于DIN EN 60079-14 (VDE 0165-1)的定義 爆燃性空氣中的電氣設備，以及DIN EN 61241-14 (VDE 0165-2) 易燃粉塵中的電氣設備使用，同樣適用于潛在的爆燃性空氣Hazardous areas危險區(qū)域If a lightning protection system was installed in accordance with this standard, ignitable sparks as well as interf

56、erence with or damage to electrical installations due to lighting cannot be prevented in all cases.Lightning protection measures have to be implemented in such a way that no melting or sparking occurs unless at the points of strike.即使根據(jù)這個標準安裝了一個雷電防護系統(tǒng)，由于雷擊造成的點火火花以及對電氣裝置造成的干擾和損壞仍不能完全避免。必須采取相應的防雷措施，使得

57、除雷擊點之外的地方不會出現(xiàn)熔化或火花。NOTE In systems in hazardous areas with explosion protection zone 2 und 22 explosive atmospheres are only likely to occur in case of rare and unexpected cases. It is therefore permitted to position air-termination systems in explosion protection zone 2 and 22 provided that DIN EN

58、62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), Annex D, is observed.注意：在防爆區(qū)域2和22的危險區(qū)域的系統(tǒng)中，爆燃性氣體只在極少數(shù)無法預料的情況下存在。因此這種情況下在防爆上允許使用接閃系統(tǒng)。The operator has to provide drawings of the installation to be protected including hazardous areas divided into zones in accordance with the Ordinance concerning the Protection of Health and

59、 Safety when planning lightning protection measures.當規(guī)劃防雷措施時，操作員必須提供被防護裝置的圖紙，包括根據(jù)健康和安全保護法規(guī)進行的針對危險區(qū)域的劃分。Hazardous areas危險區(qū)域Buried tanks do not require external lightning protection. For measuring equipment within tanks, a) and b) have to be observed.地下儲油罐不需要外部防雷。針對儲油罐內(nèi)部的測量設備，必須參照 a) 和

60、b)A common equipotential bonding structure for lightning protection purposes isrequired according to main section 1 and for installations in hazardous areasin accordance with EN 60079-14 (VDE 0165-1).根據(jù)主章1的要求以及根據(jù)EN 60079-14 (VDE 0165-1)的危險區(qū)域中裝置的要求，必須使用一個用于防雷的等電位連接結構。Conductors according to tables 7