人體解剖學(xué)顱骨skull

1、人體解剖學(xué)顱骨skullSkullThe skull is the skeleton of the head (22). cranium skeleton: paired & unpaired facial skeleton: paired & unpaired Important cranial bones Anterior, lateral, inferior, posterior view of skullskullCranium skeleton: unpaired: frontal, occipital, ethmoid & sphenoid bones paired: pariet

2、al, temporal bonesFacial skeleton:maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine bones & inferior nasal concha, (hyoid bones). Important bonesMandible Fractures of the Mandible Sphenoid boneIts pterygoid processes, consisting of lateral & medial pterygoid plates, extend inferiorly on

3、 each side from junction of body & greater wings. Groove for cartilaginous part of auditory tube lies medial to spine of sphenoid. maxillaTemporal boneethmoidFrontal boneOccipital boneAnterior Aspect of Skull Supraorbital margin of frontal bone has a supraorbital notch or foramen on junction of its

4、medial & middle third. Infraorbital foramen is below midpoint of infraorbital margin on maxilla. Upper jaw is formed by fused maxillae; their alveolarprocesses form sockets & supporting bone for upper teeth. Alveolar processes of mandible bear lower teeth. Mental foramen is inferior to 2nd premolar

5、tooth.Fractures of the Maxillae and Associated Bones Mastoid process & styloid process of temporal bone. Lateral Aspect of SkullLateral Aspect of SkullZygomatic archtemporal & infratemporal regionsTemporal fossaLateral Aspect of SkullPterion Pterion is indicated by H-shaped formation of sutures that

6、 unite frontal, parietal, sphenoid, & temporal bones. It locates in anterior part of temporal fossa, about 4 cm superior to midpoint of zygomatic arch. Infratemporal fossaPosterior aspect of skullExternal occipital protuberanceSuperior nuchal lineSuperior Aspect of Skull1. Coronal suture separates f

7、rontal & parietal bones. 2. Sagittal suture separates R & L parietal bones. 3. Lambdoid suture separates parietal & temporal bones from occipital bone. Superior Aspect of SkullFractures of the Calvaria Inferior Aspect of SkullInferior Aspect of SkullMandibular fossae Occipital condyles Jugular foram

8、en Carotid canal Jugular foramen. Stylomastoid foramen incisive fossa greater & lesser palatine foramina Internal Aspect of Base of SkullBowl-shaped floor of cranial cavity has 3 cranial fossae. Anterior cranial fossa is at the highest level, & posterior cranial fossa is at the lowest level. Anterio

9、r cranial fossa is formed by frontal bone anteriorly, ethmoid bone in middle, body & lesser wings of sphenoid posteriorly. Its greater part is formed by ridged orbital plates of frontal bone, which support frontal lobes of brain and form roofs of orbits. Middle cranial fossais separated from posteri

10、or one by petrous ridge of the temporal bones laterally & dorsum sellae of sphenoid medially. Sella turcica is composed of three parts: Tuberculum sellae, an olive-shaped swelling, anteriorlyHypophyseal fossa, a saddle-like depression for hypophysis, in the middleDorsum sellae posteriorlySphenoid bo

11、ne of Middle cranial fossa Tuberculum sellaeoptic canalanterior and posterior clinoid processhypophyseal fossa dorsal sellaeSuperior orbital fissureforamen rotudum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum sulcus for ICAPosterior cranial fossa is formed largely by occipital bone. Broad grooves in this fossa are formed by transver