2022年哈爾濱工程大學(xué)博士入學(xué)考試英語模擬題

1、一、詞匯1. The motorist was _ by the conflicting road signs.a. punishedb. bewilderedc. encouragedd. taught2. He _ over the edge of the carpet and fell.a. lookedb. stumbledc. pushedd. impulses3. After the quarrel, he completely _ his relations with his family.a. severedb. limitedc. closedd. ignored4. She

2、 has the gift of _ and was rarely wrong.a. prophecyb. dreamc. praised. wish5. I found the lecture boring and _.a. reflectiveb. relevantc. repetitive d. raw6. He _ something she didnt quite catch.a. nosedb. murmuredc. spoked. planned7. The buses shake the house so much that we feel the _.a. movementb

3、. collisionc. shiverd. vibration8. This apple is quite _ ; it is neither sweet nor sour.a. tastefulb. tastyc. tastedd. tasteless9. With _ efforts we can finish on time.a. persistentb. tiresomec. dulld. troublesome10. Mans first landing on the moon was a _ of great daring.a. notorietyb. featurec. fea

4、td. livelihood11. Susan that was a very hot day when she looked out the window saw sown many girls wearing dresses and blouses.a. attained b. imagined c. associated d. assumed12. We are more to boast how many Americans go to college than to ask how much the average college education amounts to.a. co

5、mmitted b. inclined c. intended d. subjected13. I have a little money away for the long winter.a. lain b. laid c. lied d. lay14. Many of the ideas behind television appeared in the late 19th century and early 20th century.a. ancient b. original c. primitive d. raw 15. The sunset last night was a glo

6、rious of ever changing colour.a. experience b. impression c. pageant d. site16. The government paid the farmers for their potato .a. shortage b. surplus c. dearth d. demand17.The gravitational force _ an object at the Earths surface is called the weight of the object.a. being acted on b. acting onc.

7、 to be acted on d. to act on18.Before moving to another city, Frank_ of the house and the furniture.a. dispensedb. discardedc. disposedd. discharged19. I expected him to be full of vigor and in good spirit and were disappointed by his attitude.a. energetic b. lively c. listless d. active20.The plan

8、was _ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.a. surrenderedb. releasedc. abandoned d. discussed二、填空The greatest recent social changes have been 11 the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the 12 of a womans life spent in 13 for ch

9、ildren . A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her 14 twenties., and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother 15 have been in her early fifti

10、es and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get 16 work. Today women marry younger and have 17 children . Usually a womans youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be 18 to live another thirty-five ye

11、ars and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even 19 she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods. This important change in womens life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic 20 . Even a few ye

12、ars ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married , they usually left work at once and never 21 to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls 22 at school after that age, and though women 23 to marry younger, more

13、married women stay at word at least until shortly before their first child is born, very many more afterwards return to full-or part-time work, Such changes have 24 to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the 25 and satisfactions of family life, and with both

14、 husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.21. A of B forC inD to22. A amountB shareC proportionD time23. A attendingB caringC lookingD minding24. A midB mediumC averageD middle25. A couldB mightC shou

15、ldD would26. A payingB paidC payableD payment27. A lessB fewerC fewD a few28. A expectedB hopedC likelyD longed29. A ifB asC whileD when30. A situationB standC positionD aspect31. A cameB wentC returned D clung32. A are leftB keepC are D stay33. A intendB tendC meanD consider34. A led upB ledC resul

16、tedD caused35. A problems B issuesC dutiesD jobs三、閱讀Passage 1In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honour of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became

17、first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go. But some official records date from 766 B. C.The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectat

18、ors gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoured persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain but events included boys gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though the

19、re were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honoured by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic

20、winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A. D. They

21、continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such i

22、nternational athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.Nowadays. The Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities. Including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes expenses.The Olympics star

23、t with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the suns rays It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals. And it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Ol

24、ympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.36.In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games .A. were merely national athletic festivalsB. were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour

25、C. had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous positionD. were primarily national events with few foreign participants37.In the early days of ancient Olympic Games .A. only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the gamesB. all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or s

26、ocial status, were allowed to take partC. all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in the GamesD. all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the games38.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics .A. has not definitely been establishedB. varied according to the nu

27、mber of foreign competitorsC. was decided by Zeus, in whose honour the Games were heldD. was considered unimportant39.Modern athletes results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because .A. the Greeks had no means of recording the resultsB. they are much betterC. details such as the tim

28、e were not recorded in the pastD. they are much worse40.Nowadays the athletes expenses are paid forA. out of the prize money of the winnersB. out of the funds raised by the competing nationsC. by the athletes themselvesD. by contributionsPassage 2Around the earth at about latitude 30 degrees North a

29、nd South and also over continents in winter, high pressure and weak winds tend to be dominant. In such regions the winds slowly spread out horizontally, and dry air sinks down from aloft to replace it. Because of the warming associated with compression of the descending air, anticyclones（高氣壓）general

30、ly are associated with clear weather, except locally where contact of air with a cold surface may result in fogs or low-hanging clouds.Most of the regions where anticyclones tend to prevail are quite uniform in their surface characteristics; and with the slow diverging motions, large bodies of air w

31、ith uniform characteristics tend to be generated. Several large bodies of air, called air masses, with distinctive properties are formed in this way.Maritime tropical air masses form over the oceans at latitude 30 degrees north and south and may later be transported thousands of kilometers from thei

32、r origin to create abnormally warm and humid periods of time and to supply abundant sources of water for clouds and rain in middle and high latitudes.Air masses tend to come together to produce zones of great temperature contrast. Such regions were given the name fronts and were recognized as narrow

33、 zones of highly active weather change. The most noticeable fronts tend to be situated in winter in the eastern coast of North America, and similarly off Asia in the Pacific. The continental polar air masses tend to sink and spread out under the warm maritime tropical air masses. The warm air masses

34、 are thus pushed up over the polar air masses along the frontal zones and are cooled by expansion, and they consequently condense and cast down their moisture.41.Anticyclones .A. can occur even when there is fog or low-hanging cloudsB. can never occur when there is fog and low-hanging cloudsC. occur

35、s only when there is a strong wind in cold weatherD. always occur when it is fine and clear42.Air masses are formed when .A. anticyclones become quite uniform in their surface characteristicsB. several large bodies of air with uniform characteristics meet C. distinctive properties are developed in t

36、he air bodyD. large bodies of air began to move in different directions43.The word maritime in the third paragraph means .A. hotB. strongC. moistD. oceanic44.Fronts .A. are areas where cold and hot temperature exist side by sideB. refers to the eastern coast of North AmericaC. are warm maritime trop

37、ical air massesD. refers to narrow tropical air masses45.When warm air masses are pushed up over the polar air masses along the frontal zones and are cooled by expansion, .A. it becomes extremely coldB. the air becomes moistC. the weather becomes fine and dryD. it begins to snow or rainPassage 3Ther

38、e were inns throughout the ancient civilized world, strategically placed to accommodate merchants, military personnel, government officials, and others whose work forced them to travel. Traveling for pleasure was almost unheard of. During the early Middle Ages, travel was infrequent and unsafe.About

39、 the 12th century traveling again became relatively safe, and inns were established along the main routes to accommodate merchants, religious pilgrims（朝圣者）, and others. Inn standards rose steadily as local economies improved. By the end of the Middle Ages there were inns throughout Europe and in the

40、 Islamic countries, meant primarily for the use of merchants. The Industrial Revolution stimulated inn building, especially in England, whose inns became a standard for the rest of the world.The first hotels in North America were Atlantic seaport inns and converted farmhouses along stagecoach routes

41、. When canals and railroads were built in the 19th century, the wayside inn gave way to larger hotels built along the rights-of-way. As cities grew, new hotels were constructed in the business centers and theater districts. By 1800 the United States already had the largest hotels in the world, and t

42、his trend toward large size continued into the 20th century. The Stevens Hotel (now the Chicago Hilton and Towers) in chicago once boasted of being the largest in the world, with 3,000 rooms. It has since been exceeded in size by the hotel Russia in Moscow, and hotels with several hundred rooms have

43、 become common nearly everywhere.As travel for pleasure gained popularity in Europe, luxury and resort hotels were built in many countries. The Savoy Hotel in London set new standards of luxury when it opened in 1889 by having its own electricity, theater, private chapel, laundry, and printing press

44、. The hotel was managed by Cesar Ritz, who opened his own luxury hotel in Paris in 1898. The standards set by the Savoy and the Ritz have been imitated by hotels around the world.46.Travelling for pleasure .A. can be traced back to the 12th century travellingB. became a reality in 1889 when the Savo

45、y Hotel was builtC. was almost non-existent during the Middle AgesD. was a privilege enjoyed only by the rich in the Middle Ages47.It is implied that before the 19th century the development of hotel .A. went side by side with the development of economyB. was quicker when there was no warC. played a

46、leading role in British expansion and colonizationD. stimulated industrial development and international exchange48.The largest hotel is .A. the Savoy Hotel in LondonB. the Ritz in ParisC. Hotel Russia in MoscowD. the Stevens Hotel in Chicago49.The Ritz is admired for .A. its important location in L

47、ondonB. its luxuries and various servicesC. its founders leading role in hotel developmentD. its popularity among travellers50.The third paragraph focuses on .A. the growing size of hotelsB. hotel development in North America and RussiaC. the development of hotel in the 19th centuryD. the history of

48、 hotel industry in AmericaPassage 4What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends. Of course on the meaning of future. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly prob

49、lems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H. G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable gadget to make life smooth. healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his hous

50、e will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least one may be certain that bricks and mortar will long have gone out of fashion.But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already p

51、ointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or, at the best, suffering from under-feeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet work

52、ed out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be of light structure, or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind. and

53、in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard housing of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally mil

54、lions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor and disease and the spread of crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements are rising at an astonishing speed. But Hong Kong is

55、 only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem. Because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may have the same resources as Ho

56、ng Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.51.In first paragraph we are told that, in the opinion of the writer, housing problems .A. may be completely solved at sometime in the futureB. are unimportant and easily dealt withC. will not be sol

57、ved until a new building material has been discoveredD. have been dealt with in detail in books describing the future52.The writer is certain that in the distant future .A. bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building materialB. a new building material will have been inventedC. bricks a

58、nd mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionableD. a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered53.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to face the world before the end of the century .A. is difficult to foresee B. will be how to feed the gr

59、owing populationC. Will be how to provide enough house in the hottest parts of the worldD. is the question of finding enough ground space54.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these part

60、s .A. standards of building are lowB. only minimum shelter will be possibleC. there is not enough ground spaceD. the population growth will be the greatest55.Which of the following sentences best summarises paragraph 3?A. Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by milions of refugees.B. Hong Kon