高中英語(yǔ)必修二 3　UNIT 1　 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1(教材P4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future2(教材P4)After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens w

2、ho lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 19593(教材P4)Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place wherethey were safe from the water4(教材P8)Today, the caves are just as international as they

3、 were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road定語(yǔ)從句的種類根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間關(guān)系的緊密程度，我們將定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。1限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，兩者之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why。This is the computer

4、(that/which) he bought for his son yesterday這是他昨天為兒子買的電腦。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher在地震中幸存的那個(gè)女人是埃米的英語(yǔ)老師。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise我隔壁住著一對(duì)夫婦，他們的孩子經(jīng)常吵鬧。2非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞或主句做些附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。這種從句和主句

5、之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞與引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞略有不同。除that和why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句外，其他都可以。He is English, which I know from his accent他是英國(guó)人，那是我通過(guò)他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth我聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)可怕的聲音，這使我非常害怕?！炯磿r(shí)演練1】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空Holly, who is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese(2018北京卷)

6、She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fitHis parents wouldnt marry her to anyone whose family was poor限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法比較1形式不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句必須用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。Here is the man who has been punished by the boss這就是那個(gè)被老板懲罰的人。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)The project, which lasted three years, cost n

7、o less than $1 billion這個(gè)工程歷時(shí)三年，耗資多達(dá)十億美元。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)2先行詞不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是一個(gè)名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是整個(gè)主句。試比較：This is the best novel that I have ever read這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最好的小說(shuō)。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting我昨天晚上看過(guò)那部小說(shuō)了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為novel)The novel is very

8、 interesting, which makes me very excited那部小說(shuō)很有意思，這讓我很興奮。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容)3關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同(1)that, why不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指物時(shí)要用which代替that, for which代替whyMost people didnt vote for him, which disappointed him大多數(shù)人沒(méi)有投票支持他，這使他感到失望。I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind我已經(jīng)告訴了他們我改變主意的原因。

9、(2)關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用who代替，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用who代替。This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about這就是我們正在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)The old woman has three sons, whom she is proud of這位老婦人有三個(gè)引以為豪的兒子。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)可以用that引導(dǎo)，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用who或whom。She has a younger broth

10、er, who is an English teacher她有一個(gè)弟弟，他是一名英語(yǔ)老師。(3)關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago這是我?guī)滋烨翱催^(guò)的一部好影片。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near我們盼望的暑假就要來(lái)了。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)(4)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)時(shí)，其中的關(guān)系代詞用wh

11、ich或whomSeven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of whom(of whom four) were badly injured七人被困在星期五發(fā)生的大火里，其中四人嚴(yán)重受傷。I have bought two pens, both of which write well我買了兩只鋼筆，寫(xiě)起來(lái)都很好用?！炯磿r(shí)演練2】完成句子她的姐姐明年將要出國(guó)，她教我們英語(yǔ)。Her sister, who_teaches_us_English,_will go abroad next year這就是

12、懷特先生，你等了很久的人。Here is MrWhite, whom_youve_been_waiting_for a long time她找到了那條兩周前丟失的項(xiàng)鏈。She has found the necklace (that)_she_lost_two_weeks_agoeq avs4al() 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空，必要時(shí)加介詞1The palace that/which was built three hundred years ago is now in bad condition2Have you seen the lady in the picture who/that has

13、a pair of bright blue eyes?3The man who/whom/that the headmaster is talking with is from Fudan University4Tai Dong, where I was born and grew up, is a small city in southeastern Taiwan5Jane liked the computer very much, whose price was more than 1，000 dollars6MrGreen said that Suzhou was the first c

14、ity that he had visited in China7Lucy didnt tell him the reason why/for_which she left her hometown for New York8Our father, a great doctor, saved a dying patient today, which made us proud9The big ship sank in the area where/in_which there were not many storms10He loved his parents deeply, both of

15、whom are very kind to him11MrChen is now in a situation where/in_which he will have to leave the company as soon as possible12Our teacher, who teaches us geography, is very interested in musiceq avs4al() 語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作(用關(guān)系詞升級(jí)為定語(yǔ)從句)1We visited the astronautThe astronaut had stayed in space for ten daysWe_visi

16、ted_the_astronaut_that/who_had_stayed_in_space_for_ten_days2Rose and I lived in the same roomWe often spent nights talking in the roomRose_and_I_lived_in_the_same_room_where_we_often_spent_nights_talking3The lake wont disappoint youThe lake has such wonderful sceneryThe_lake,_which_has_such_wonderfu

17、l_scenery,_wont_disappoint_you4The soldiers arrived at the farmhouseIn front of the farmhouse sat a boyThe_soldiers_arrived_at_the_farmhouse,_in_front_of_which_sat_a_boy5Im grateful to PeterPeters care helped me through my hard timesIm_grateful_to_Peter,_whose_care_helped_me_through_my_hard_times6Th

18、e primary school has closed downI studied in the primary school for five yearsThe_primary_school,_where_I_studied_for_five_years,_has_closed_down7His bedroom is very brightThe bedrooms window faces southHis_bedroom,_whose_window_faces_south,_is_very_bright8The factory was set up by his uncle ten yea

19、rs agoWe visited the factory last weekendThe_factory,_which_we_visited_last_weekend,_was_set_up_by_his_uncle_ten_years_ago9This is a photo of our friendsWe went on holiday with themThis_is_a_photo_of_our_friends,_with_whom_we_went_on_holiday10It is helpful to have a few wise and reliable friendsYou

20、can turn to them for adviceIt_is_helpful_to_have_a_few_wise_and_reliable_friends,_whom_you_can_turn_to_for_adviceeq avs4al() 單句語(yǔ)法填空1He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited a few days ago2Some of the roads were flooded, which made our journey more difficult3Natural resources are thin

21、gs that/which are found in nature and can be used by humans4The German Football Team left the World Cup halfway, which made its fans heartbroken5There are two reasons why Ive decided to read one of his letters to the audience nationwide6As you know from what I said, my mother takes a healthy diet se

22、riously7Sports, without which you may be weak, mean a lot in life8Tell us the day when you are coming, and well prepare your room9I bought a book which I think could help me with my grammar10Im looking for a store where organic vegetables are soldeq avs4al() 閱讀理解Raccoons are smaller relatives of bea

23、rsThey are native to North America, but they can also be found in Asia and EuropeRaccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areasThere are about 7 different species of raccoonsPygmy raccoon is the only endangered speciesRaccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in l

24、ength and weigh between 526kgRaccoons that live in colder climates are larger and heavierThey have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bandsBecause of their tails, they are also called “ringtail”Raccoons_are_omnivoresThey like to eat insects, eggs, small

25、mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so onRaccoons hands look like humansThey each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cansRaccoons often place food in water before they start to eat itThey have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensiti

26、vity even moreBy touching the food, they get better insight about things they will eatThey are easily adaptable(適應(yīng)的) to various environmentsThey can live in hollow(中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless carsRaccoons live on their own and hunt at nightThey dont hibernate(冬眠), but they sp

27、end the coldest days of winters in their holesMating(交配) season takes place from January to mid MarchTwo months later, female will give birth to 34 babiesTheir tails dont have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missingMother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to

28、 eat as they become ready to leave the holeRaccoons usually can live only 18 to 31 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zooRaccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to homeraised animals and people, which is very dangerousWhats more, their waste often has roundworms【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇

29、說(shuō)明文。文章主要向我們介紹了與浣熊有關(guān)的一些知識(shí)。1What do we learn about raccoons?AThey love living near waterBThey are at risk of dying outCThey love getting close to humansDThey only live in areas far from urban areasA解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water以及第三段的Raccoons often place food in water befo

30、re they start to eat it可推斷，浣熊喜歡住在水邊。2What does the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores”？AThey dont hibernateBThey are very large animalsCThey are sensitive to foods tastesDThey feed on many different types of foodD解析：句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段的They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals,

31、fruit, berries, garbage, and so on可推測(cè)，作者是想說(shuō)明浣熊是雜食動(dòng)物。3What are raccoons good at?AFinding food in deep waterBUsing their feet to open foodCAdapting to a new environmentDTelling differences among smellsC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的They are easily adaptable(適應(yīng)的) to various environments可知，浣熊很擅長(zhǎng)在新的環(huán)境里生活。4After reading

32、 the text, we can say that_Araccoons like attacking humansBpeople consider raccoons very lovelyCraccoons and bears have a lot in commonDits better that humans keep away from raccoonsD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to homeraised animals and people, which is very dangerousWh

33、ats more, their waste often has roundworms可推測(cè)，人還是不要接觸浣熊比較好。eq avs4al() 七選五Selflove is sometimes considered as selfish1_ If you want to teach others to love themselves, you should help them build their selfesteem(自尊心)Here are some tips for youStress that they shouldnt feel guilty(慚愧的) about loving th

34、emselvesSome people think that selflove is selfishIf the person youre helping is guilty about selflove, emphasize that theres nothing wrong with having a positive selfimageRemind them that selflove is not the same as selfishnessInstead, describe it as being “selffull”2_3_ Have them write down their

35、talents, their positive characteristics, and the hobbies they enjoyExamples might include gardening, having a great sense of humor, or being good at a sportIf they have trouble coming up with positive traits, let them know what you admire about themRemind them that they shouldnt compare themselves t

36、o othersEveryone has different abilities, qualities, and passions4_ Tell them that they shouldnt feel bad about themselves because of someone elses talents or traitsEncourage them to help othersIn addition to teaching your loved ones to develop a positive attitude, suggest that they help others when

37、ever possibleHelping loved ones is a concrete way of avoiding low selfesteem5_ They could also volunteer for their favorite things, such as for the animal shelter and soup kitchenAThis means loving and caring for themselvesBTell them to make a list of their positive qualitiesCExplain that selfesteem

38、 shouldnt be based on others opinionsDHowever, its an important but often overlooked part of mental healthEFor example, they could help their friends study or help with household projectsFSpending too much time on social media can also lead to unhealthy comparisonsGTherefore, you should tell your lo

39、ved ones to accept their strengths and weaknesses【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何教別人要愛(ài)自己，建立自己的自尊心。1D解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與上文之間存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。自愛(ài)有時(shí)候被認(rèn)為是自私的。但是，它卻是心理健康中很重要卻容易被忽視的一部分。 2A解析：此空設(shè)于段末，與上文之間存在邏輯上的解釋關(guān)系。此空是對(duì)“selffull”的解釋說(shuō)明。3B解析：此空設(shè)于段首，是本段的主旨句。后面提到的內(nèi)容都是圍繞要讓他們列出他們積極的品質(zhì)展開(kāi)的。4G解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與上文之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。每個(gè)人都有不同的能力、品格和激情。因此

40、，你應(yīng)該告訴他們要敢于接受自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。5E解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與上文之間存在邏輯上的解釋關(guān)系。此空是在舉例說(shuō)明幫助他人的方式。eq avs4al() 語(yǔ)法填空Do you know polar bears well? In this article, we will discuss some 1_(amaze) facts about polar bearsBlack skin and white furInterestingly, polar bears usually have black skin which 2_(cover) with furWhen you see the bear white, it is because 3_(it) fur is a hollow transparent tube(中空透明管) that only 4_(reflect) lightThis feature gives polar bears great advantage in their environment especial