高中同位語從句精講和練習題

1、同位語從句講解是名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從旬、賓語從句、同位語從句）中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與 之同位的名詞（短語）的實際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞 （短語）加以補充說明或進一步解 釋，相當于一個表語從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。詳細信息 一個內(nèi)叫 或其它形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。.名詞作同位語Mr Wang, my child s teacher, w 川 be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。.短

2、語作同位語the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。.直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone? ”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”.句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sa

3、il up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語從句用法同位語部分是個句子，就是同位語從句，這種用法比較固定”一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示 的具體內(nèi)容。I heard the news that our team had won .我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有 news, idea , fact , promise , question , doubt, thought , hope, message, suggestion , words （消息）,poss

4、ibility 等。I ve comefrom Mr. Wing with a messagethat he won t be able to see you this af ternoon . 我 從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞that , whether,連接副詞how, when, where等。（注： if, which不能引導同位語從句。）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣個問題。四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞

5、后面，而被別的詞隔開。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。同位語從句-引導詞同位語從句的引導詞、引導同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that , whether,連接代詞和連接副詞等。.連詞that引導同位語從句（注：引導同位語從句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認為不動月而筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。（作 idea的同位語）【注意11

6、在某些名詞（如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等）后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項建議是布朗應該離隊?！咀⒁?】引導同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。.連詞whether引導同位語從句

7、（注：if不能引導同位語從句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導同位語從句，但if不能引導同位語從句。其它引導詞引導的同位語從句連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose, which引導同位語從句.I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（what 作定語）.I have no idea which wine is best

8、 it s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪種灑最好，這是個人口味的問題。（which作定語）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主語）4.連接副詞引導同位語從句連接副詞when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。同位語從句-相關(guān)語法一、同位語從句在句中的位置.一般情況下

9、同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news, idea , fact , promise , hope, message等）的后面， 用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位 語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door op

10、en when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could not come ?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？三、同位語從句的語氣在suggestion , advice , request , order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的 should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advic

11、e how we（should）use the computer.老師給我們提出 了些如何使用電腦的建議。四、同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him?皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個問

12、題騙子是怎樣解釋的？代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些皿或短語動詞后作賓語-同時兼作其后 that同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你,我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認為，這種 it后的 that從句應看作it的同位語，因為它相當于“主語+beM語”結(jié)構(gòu)。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.（二You must see to it, and It is thatthe children d

13、ont catch cold.）你要當心，別讓孩子們著涼了。同位語從句-語法區(qū)別 與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別：.意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺欢ㄕZ從句是 限制所修飾名詞的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。（news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come ,故that引導的是同位語從句）We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。 （th

14、at從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個 news而不是其他的news,故that從句 為定語從句）.引導詞的不同what, how, if, whatever等可引導名詞性從句，但不引導定語從句。.引導詞的功能上的不同that引導同位語從句時，它不充當句子成分，而引導定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當定語 從句的主語，要么充當定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us 中的that就充當told的賓語。.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有 hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinio

15、n, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where引導定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它彳門引導同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason ,而它引導同位語從句時則不一定：have no idea when they will come .我不知道他們什么時候來。（同位語從句）I ll never forget the days when I lived there.我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。（定語從句）同位語從句-特殊形式1.間隔同位語從句同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后

16、，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句 不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday簡析：由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句,request和order等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。She made a request that the doctor（should）be sent for at once.她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。簡析：suggest

17、ion , order , request , proposal , requirement , command advice , proposition 和recommendation等名詞后接同位語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用“ （should+）動詞原形”的形式， 其中should 一詞可省略。3.短語及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。簡析： 短語 On condition, on supposition, on the ground（s）, on the understand

18、ing, with theexception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 There be+no doubt（hope, chance,possibility, ）后的that從句為同位語從句。練習一.單選His success was because of he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which fact that fact2.Is Mary from New York City I dont know.from what city does she come fromf

19、rom what city she comewhat city does she come fromwhat city she comes frommakes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. WhateverThe reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. because of gettingC. I got D. that I gotIt worried her a bit her hair was turning g

20、rey.A. while B. that C. if D. forHenry killed the dog. Ill ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done soHave you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know.how he is getting alonghow is he getting alongwhat he is getting alongwhat is he getting alongIt is generally considered

21、unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wheneverHe asked me with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it isI am sure he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that whatWhen and why he came here yet.A. is not

22、 known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not beewonder how much .A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid aboutC. afraid that D. afraid foris no reason for dismissing her.Because she was a

23、few minutes lateOwing to a few minutes lateThe fact that she was a few minutes lateBeing a few minutes lateThey came to the conclusion by a computer.that not all things can be donebecause of not all things be donebeing not all things can be donebecause not all things can be doneWhy the explosion occ

24、urred was the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. thatI dont doubt hell come.A. that B if C. what D. whetherWhy did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang Well, I forget I was supposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was itOutp

25、ut is now six times it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of whichMary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved .A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earnssurprised me mos

26、t was such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.whichWe gave him help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. thisShe is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all thatExcuse me would you

27、please tell me when the sports meet is taken placewhen is the sports meet going to be heldwhen is the sports meet to beginwhen the sports meet is to take placeDo you happen to know what size shoes he wearshow big shoes he wearswhat is the size of his shoeswhat number shoes are hisThis book will show

28、 you can be used in other contexts.how you have observedhow what you have observedthat you have observedhow that you have observedWhere do you think A. has he gone B. has he beenC. hes gone D. was heDo you know how many populations there are in the worldhow much population there is in the worldhow m

29、any the population of the world iswhat the population of the world isWould you go and see outsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had beenThe subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. isA. what B. interesting C. What is intere

30、sting D. II think he is Charles.Who do you think he isDo you think who he isWhom do you think he isDo you think who he isHe didnt know which room .A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live inThe little boy ate his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter whatTh

31、e city is no longer .A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to beMy parents used they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all whatwe go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does was the idea the wife thought ofA. W

32、hat.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how did he tell his wife he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.whereof the men held the view the book said was right.A. what that B. that whatC. that which D. which that. I have no idea or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C

33、. whether D. which.Do you know His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father isIs this we met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. where D. place whichIt Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D.

34、is thought thatall know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that whereverThey discussed they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whetherShe asked .what I was doing when she rang me upwhat was I doing wh

35、en she rang me upwhen she rang me up what I was doingwhen did she ring me up what I was doing- May I borrow the ring- You can take you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. thatHe said that he was fond of .A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautifu

36、lHe insisted that he in good health and to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, sendDo you know he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whoseIts uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. howThey would have fixed the telephone yest

37、erday it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but foris to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hardthe boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. WhichAs the day w

38、as fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we gowe cant get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, whatyou dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. WhetherYou cant imagine when they

39、received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excitedwell go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D.

40、If whatgoing to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Wholl finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. Thathouse will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whatwont go there is clear to all of us.

41、A. How B. What C. Why D. Thiscome or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whethermistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How days later, word came our country had sent up another man-made satelli

42、te.A. which B. when C. that D. where problem is will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who looks it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how is Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why thought strange

43、 that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. whatfact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. howIm considering now the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was you tell me who is that gentlemanthat gentleman is whowho that gentleman iswhom is that gen

44、tlemanthe room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. WhoIt is well known a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how B. thatC. what D. howThe energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. suchJack was soon told

45、he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why whatWe should think carefully about Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. XCan you point out two radios are the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whetherYou will easily know video recorders （ 錄相機 ） are the same.A. what those B

46、. that of thoseC. that all of D. which of thoseyou have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. WhenI asked her in English she was, and she told me she was an actress.A. who that B. who XC. what X D. how thatShe took it for granted Id be back home an hour ago.A. that

47、B. whether C. if D. whenWe think it possible the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. howNow there is a danger the ground may fall in （ 沉下 ） under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. thatAt that time I had no idea I could hand it to him without

48、being seen.A. if B. how C. which D. that howLast Sunday he promised today, but he hasnt appeared yet.A. that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would comeLast Sunday he made a promise he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whetherDo

49、 you have any idea when Miss Smith will arrivewhen will Miss Smith arrivehow will Miss Smith arrivewhy hasnt Miss Smith arrivedI have almost forgotten .A. how Mr. Taylors like B. what Mr. Taylors face is likeC. what Mr. Taylors face is D. which Mr. Taylors face is likeThe true value of life is not i

50、n , but .how you get that you givewhich you got what you givewhat you get what you givewhat do you get what do you giveDo you know A. what is this used for B. what this is used forC. which this is used D. that this is used forsurprised me most was .That that she spoke Japanese so wellWhat how could

51、she speak Japanese so wellWhat - that she spoke Japa nese so wellThat why she could speak Japanese so wellis to dance.A. That interests Mary really B. Which really interests Mary.C. What really interests Mary D. What really interest Mary TOC o 1-5 h z We were greatly amused by .A. what you have told us B. which you had told usC. what you told us D. that you told usThese computers are different from .A. that we expect