高中非謂語動詞1 自改課件

1、非謂語動詞講解Nonfinite Verbs非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式1.謂語動詞：概述：2. 非謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞 是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。非謂語動詞使用條件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.1 The teachers sitting there are from oth

2、er schools.表語2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 賓語補足語3 We need to be active in class. 賓語謂語賓語主語定語連系動詞劃分句子成分非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等.動詞不定式（The Infinitive）一. 動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號to加動詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動式：to be done 完成式：to have done(1)作主語 不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前

3、。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 謂語 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountainstototo句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do

4、sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.Y

5、ou are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.beginstartcontinue +to do doing注意下列動詞likelovehatepreferlearn+to dodoingrememberforgetregret+to dodoing1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close

6、2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest3. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(3)作賓語補足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone

7、_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with himtototototosb. beseen watched looked atheardlistened to feltnoticed+to do madelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong. Didyounoticeanyone(come)in? Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalong

8、time. Lookatthehorsejump. 注意：當這類動詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如： He is often heard _(sing) the songHewasseen_(enter) theroom. to singtoenter4. it作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。 Subject+ find/think

9、/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.tototototoititititit用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空，使句子完整、正確。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (w

10、ater) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B. to not lookC.

11、 dont lookD. not look help(to)waterto takecryto cry1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something im

12、portant to say.please find a piece of paper （寫上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （寫）to write onto write with動詞不定式做定語注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。I came here to see youWe were very ex

13、cited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的) (原因)(結(jié)果) (條件)二.動名詞的功用1.可作主語Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + d

14、oing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作賓語 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某

15、些動詞后要求用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動詞有：避免錯過 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建議完成 (多) 練習(xí) suggest / advise finish practise喜歡想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承認 否定 (與) 嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脫 冒險 (莫) 原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在動詞advise, allow, fo

16、rbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準人們在這兒釣魚。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人們不準在這兒釣魚。主動表被動: want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得)使用動名詞作賓語時，用主動形式表達被動含義to be done使用不定式作賓語時，依然用被動形式表達被動含義 The room wants (cleaning). T

17、he method needs (improving). This pair of shoes require (mending). The problem needs (working out). The question is well worth (discussing)分詞：Participles一 分詞的概述1. 分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn) 在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（Past Participle）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語、定語狀

18、語和賓語補足語。現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成developing country； boiling waterdeveloped country ； boiled water二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語He is a prom

19、ising young man.Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child.We only sell used books.我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing.上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修

20、飾詞之后， 相當于一個定語從句。如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(Those wishing to join this club should sign here.)想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被嚴重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種

21、可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday昨天討論的問題（既表示被動也表示完成）the fallen leaves落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動)2、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動不動。What you said is really inspiring.你所說的真令從鼓舞。3、作賓語補足語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walkin

22、g in the street. 我看見他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）光說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學(xué)好英語是值得做的4.Its worthwhile learning English well.用it作形式主語，常與no use,no good,useless, worthwhile連用1.Its no use talking too much witho

23、ut doing anything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk3.Its no good smoking too much 1. Its no use _( sit ) here waiting. 2. There is no _( say )what will happen next. 3. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth? 4. It is great fun _ (play) golf.練習(xí)：2。不定式作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）你這么說真是太好了（2）他說出這樣的話太愚蠢

24、了（3）我們學(xué)好英語是必要的（4）你們學(xué)好英語語法并不難3.固定句型1.It is very kind of you to say so.2.Its very foolish of him to say such things3.It is necessary for us to learn English well4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammar（1）李壘每天花兩個半小時完成作業(yè)（2）你昨晚用多長時間寫完的作文？1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete

25、his homework.2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reac

26、hed the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.狀語定語狀語賓語(賓語)補語定語現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行

27、，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad newsGiven more attention, the trees could have grown better.If they had been given more attentionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Because he w