武漢理工大學材料學院復試試題的詳細答案講解

1、武漢理工大學材料學院復試英語口語考察就是問你英語問題，一般只問一個，今年問了許多例如Talkabout you hometowm? Talk about Olympic Games? Which sport is youfavori te?之類的，大多都是跟生活相關的問題。我的問題是Do you likeresearch? What kind of job do you want to do after you graduate?在這個方面平時口語不錯的同學也不會感到很困難。老師面試的時候可能提的問題為：（中文回答）就你的英語自我介紹中提到一個問題。如你的愛好為計算機，老師會問計算機在材料中的

2、運用有哪 些？你的畢業(yè)論文的題目是什么，主要的內容是什么，有什么新穎的地方等等，用幾句話概括一下？你報考的方向是什么，為什么報這個方向，你對這個方向有什么建議等你是外校的話，為什么你要報武漢理工你想在研究生這個時段做什么方面的研究、現(xiàn)在有什么打算不，等你最擅長哪種材料（4大材料之1），你對這種材料的生產(chǎn)、制備過程、功能，運用有哪些了解？如 果你了玻璃的話，他一般會問你，它的生產(chǎn)過程是什么？談你的研究課題，你有什么研究方案,還會問你一些關于這個課題的基礎知識。其它問題面試不要緊張，要平靜，回答問題要注意簡潔性，不要長篇大論，要言簡意賅武漢理工大學材料學院復試試題的詳細答案目前用于材料合成與制備的

3、新的方法有許多，請舉例其中的1種并加以說明？答：（1）等離子體化學氣相沉積法（PCVD）PVCD是借助等離子體內的高能電子與反映氣體原子，分子發(fā)生非彈性碰撞使之離解或電離，從而產(chǎn)生 大量的沉積組元,如原子，離子或活性基團并輸送到基體表面上沉積成膜的.非平衡等離子體激活代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的加熱激活是PCVD的主要優(yōu)點，可使基體的沉積溫度變較低.由于其沉積溫度低，沉積速率快，繞鍍性好，設備操作維護簡單而廣泛用于沉積各種薄膜和超硬膜.此法得到 的膜純度高，致密，形成的結晶定向好，電子工業(yè)中廣泛用于高純材料和晶體材料的制備.所涉及的化學反應 有:熱解反應，氧化還原反應，復合還原反應等.（2）溶膠-凝膠法（sol

4、-gel）溶膠-凝膠法是指有機或無機化合物經(jīng)過溶液-溶膠-凝膠而固化.經(jīng)過熱處理而制得氧化物或其它化合 物固體的方法.由于溶膠凝膠過程中有著純度高，均勻性強,處理溫度低,反應條件易控制等優(yōu)點而廣泛應用 于特殊光學玻璃，特殊薄膜,超細粉，復合材料，光學纖維，生物材料等領域.其主要特點有：可低溫合成氧化物，使得制造無法高溫加熱的制品成為可能；提高材料的均勻性，多成分系溶液是分子級，原子級的混合；可提高生產(chǎn)效率.其可制得的材料主要有：塊狀材料，纖維材料，涂層和薄膜材料,超細粉末材料及復合材料.所涉及的反應有：1.溶劑化;2.水解反應;3.縮聚反應.選擇兩種測試方法，并簡述其內容？答：（1）XPS（X

5、射線光電子能譜分析）電子能譜是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種研究物質表面性質和狀態(tài)的新興物理方法，這里的表面指固體最 外層的1-10個原子的表面層，一般為1到幾個nm。光電子能譜是用X射線作激發(fā)源，轟出樣品中元素的內層電子，并直接測量二次電子的能量，這能量表現(xiàn) 為元素內層電子的結合能Eb，Eb隨元素而不同，且有較高的分辨力，可以得到從價電子到K殼層的各級 電子電離能，有助于了解離子的幾何構型和軌道成鍵特性。其測量原理公式由光電效應得來：hv=Eb+Ek+。應用XPS可進行：1化學分析：包括元素的成分分析和定量分析2固體表面相研究3化合物結構的 測定 可用來進行水泥熟料中硅酸鈣的水化表面分析分析能譜中O

6、1s峰的寬窄變化和峰移動的方向可以判 斷水化反應的進行與否對其表面ESCA測定的Ca/Si比值可以分析水化過程及其產(chǎn)物（2）透射電子顯微分析透射電鏡是用聚焦電子束作為照明源，均勻照射到試樣的某一待觀察微小區(qū)域上，由于使用對電子 束透明的薄膜試樣，故絕大部分電子穿透試樣，其強度分布與所觀察試樣區(qū)的形貌，組織，結構一一對應。 經(jīng)過轉換可以在熒光屏上顯示出與試樣形貌，組織，結構相應的圖象。其電子圖象的襯度來源于質量襯 度，衍射襯度和相位襯度。透射電子顯微鏡是一種高分辨率（分辨率可達0。1nm），高放大倍數(shù)（80萬 倍）的顯微鏡。很適合觀察和分析材料的形貌，結構，晶體中的位錯，層錯，空位團等晶體缺陷。

7、透射 電鏡法要求試樣厚度僅為100-200nm，甚至幾十nm的，對電子束“透明”的試樣。試樣大致有三種：超 細粉末顆粒，用一定方法減薄的材料薄膜，用復型方法將材料表面形貌復制下來的復型膜。材料科學與工程的概念是什么？其四大要素是什么？其3大特點是什么？答：材料科學與工程就是研究有關材料組成結構，制備工藝流程與材料性能用途關系的知識及應用。其 四個要素為：組成與結構，合成與生產(chǎn)過程，性能，使用效能。材料科學與工程的特點：1多學科交叉材料科學與工程與物理學,化學,冶金學，金屬學,陶瓷學，計算數(shù)學等多學科交叉和結合的特點.2具有鮮明的工程性材料科學是面向實際，為經(jīng)濟建設服務的，是一門應用科學.實驗室

8、里的研究成果必須通 過工程研究開發(fā)以確定合理的工藝流程，最后批量生產(chǎn)出符合要求的工程材料.3處于發(fā)展中的學科材料科學沒有象力學,電學那樣完整的學科體系,是一門處于不斷發(fā)展之中的學科.結合自己所學的專業(yè)，敘述本專業(yè)的2個熱點問題？答：（1）燃料電池近二，三十年來，由于一次能源的匱乏和環(huán)境保護的突出，要求開發(fā)利用新的清潔再生能源.（燃料電池由 于具有能量轉化率高，對環(huán)境污染小等優(yōu)點受到世界各國的普遍重視）燃料電池是一種將所提供燃料的化 學能直接變換為電能的高效能量轉換裝置；是既水力,火力,核力后的第四類發(fā)電技術.其特點有：由于化學能直接轉化為電能,與普通發(fā)電方式相比，避免了能量形式的變化不受卡諾循

9、環(huán)限制，能量轉化 效率高.環(huán)保.廢氣如SOx,NOx,CO2等的排放量極低.此外，由于電池中無運動部件，工作時非常安靜.電池的本題的負荷反應性能好，可靠性高。（2）碳納米管是一種具有特殊結構的一維量子材料（徑向尺寸為納米級，軸向尺寸為微米級）.它主要由六邊形排列的碳原 子構成數(shù)層到數(shù)十層的同軸圓管，層與層之間保持固定的距離.作為一維納米材料,重量輕，六邊形結構連接完美,具有許多異常的力學，電學性能：1力學性能其密度只有鋼的1/6，結構與高分子材料相似，但抗拉強度極大，彈性模量達1TPa，用其增強的塑料 力學性能優(yōu)良且抗疲勞,抗蠕變，形變小,滑動性能好.2電學性能利用其結構中空的特點,可作為制造

10、某些納米尺度金屬導線的模具.有些管徑的碳納米管是性 能優(yōu)于石墨材料的良好導體，另一些管徑可能是半導體.3導熱性能其擁有非常大的長徑比，因而其沿長度方向的熱交換性能很高,垂直方向熱交換性能較低,故其可 制成高各向異性熱傳導材料?？佳杏⒄Z口語復試完整版范文自我介紹（self-introduce）Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is *, 24. I come from *,the capital of *Province. I graduate

11、d from the *department of *University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *in NO.*middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all ihard work has got a result since have a chance to be int

12、erview by you.I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those about *.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college yea

13、rs,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our countrys team.I alw

14、ays believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study * in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance *.考研原因(reasons for my choice)There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academ

15、ic atmosphere when I came here last summer. In my opinion, as one of the most famous *in our country, it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment . This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in *throughout my life. Its a pleasure to be with my favorite *

16、for lifetime. I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my *job during the past two years. However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value. Life is precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially

17、 in this competitive modern world.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.研究生期間你的計劃(plans in the postgraduate study)First, I hope I can form systematic view of *. As for *, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the

18、 formation and development as well as *. If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.(簡單了一些，望高手補充)4 .介紹你的家鄉(xiāng)(about hometown)I am from , a famous city with a long history over

19、 2,200 years. It is called “Rong Cheng ” because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago. The city lies in the eastern part of the province. It is the center of politics, economy and culture. Many celebrities were born here, for instance, Yanfu, Xie Bingxin, Lin Zeu and so on . . You know, the

20、re is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”. I think the city really deserves it. The top three artware are Shoushan Stone, cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware. In addition, it is famous for the hot springs. Theyare known for high-quality. Visitors athome and abroad

21、feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.你的家庭(about family)There are four members in my family; my parents, my cute cat of 9 years old and me. My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station. He often goes out on business. So most of the housework is done by my industrious mo

22、m. Climbing at weekends is our common interest. The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness. They can strengthen our relation, too.During my prepareing for coming here,my parentslove and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them.你的大學(abo

23、ut university)*University is the oldest one in the province. It was founded in *and covers an area of over* mu. The building area is *square meters. It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations, especially after the reform and opening up. It takes the lead among the *unive

24、rsities with nice teaching and scientific research ability. The library has a storage of *books. . various research institutes are set up including 52 research centers. There are teaching research experimental bases. For example, the computer center, analyzing-test center, modern education technical

25、 center and so on.發(fā)一篇自我介紹吧！pesonel statement(introduction)Good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old .i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in changan

26、university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in. i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. when i was sophomore, i found web design very inter

27、esting, so i learned it very hard . to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage. forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence. during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on runnin

28、g every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess. also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursda

29、y,and write compositions to improve my witten ability .but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.一篇關于英語復試的文章My hometownluoyang(洛 陽)i am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province. it is famous as the capital of nine dynasties

30、 and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.luoyang played a very important role in chinese history. so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved. such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple,

31、being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous. every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony .the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much.寫的不大好，希望對大家有所幫助。僅供參考！同時也希望大家

32、記住我的名字mornoon，多多支持 一下！ 研究生計劃，你如何打算？if luckily i got the chance to learn environment engineering in tongji university, i will concentrate on the study and reserch in this field. first i will hard to learn the theoritical knowledge,constucting a solid base for my future work; second i would like to do

33、 some practical work with the help of the supervisor ang classmate .and through this ,i can get something that cannot be acquired from the textooks. i believe after 2 years of learning ,my dream will finally come true.Self-introduction:Good morning, everyone! I am glad to be here for this interview.

34、 First, let me introduce myself to you. My name is Qin Jiayin. I was born on April 23, 1981. I am a local person.I am graduating from Jilin Normal University (應該是這樣譯)this June. I major in Chinese literature. I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Jilin University whi

35、ch I have desired for a long time. I have the confidence because I have such ability! I am a girl who is fervent, outgoing and creative. At the same time, I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything. I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life. I will soon prove that your decis

36、ion of choosing me is the wisest. Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity! Reasons for taking postgraduate exams:First of all, I love my major. Chinese literature is the symbol of the start of Chinese literary modernization. It plays an important part in modernization of our citizens tho

37、ughts. Whats more, modern literature is very close to our daily life and it can deeply reflect the styles and features of our society. I am fascinated by the great masters refreshig or warm or profound styles as well. But I am not easily satisfied with such superficial knowledge. I hope I could have

38、 a better understanding in modern literature by studying further. This is a very important reason for me to take the postgraduate exams.Next, I love the feeling in the university. It is full of youthful spirit. And I am deeply attracted by the scholarly atmosphere. And the most important, its my gre

39、at honor to open my ears to your teaching.Finally, I want to talk about a very practical problem. That is my dream of becoming a teacher in the university. I want to realize my dream and make myself to be a well-qualified person. I think the postgraduate studies can enrich my knowledge and make me c

40、ompetent in my future job.Thats my simple and clear reasons why I took the postgraduate exams.My university:Im graduating form Jilin Normal University this June which has a history of 50 years. It shares many same characteristics with Jilin University. Both of them have a refreshing and scholarly at

41、mosphere. Four years studying there made me an independent, optimistic and strict girl. I appreciate the education my university gave me.Thank you for your time!在面試快結束的時候，一般考官都會問，你有沒有什么要問的。除非你是最后一個面試者，你明顯感到 所有的考官都急切的想離開，一般不適合說“I don t have any question.”可以問考官一兩個你關心 的問題(Questions you should ask the r

42、ecruiter)：What changes do you anticipate in our school?（你希望我們學校會有些什么樣的變化）Which is the best course in our school? 0十么課程是我們院最好的課程）does our school provide some guidance of job to MBA?最后可以說：Thank you for giving me the chance. I hope to see you again and soon.（謝 謝您給我機會，我希望很快能再見到您。）備戰(zhàn)考研復試口語的十八大佛腳充分利用材料的技巧

43、：先看中文，看能否比較快就口譯為英文，再與后面的英文比較，看自己的中文式英 語表現(xiàn)在哪些方面。一、委婉抱怨不知你是否能夠幫助我一下很抱歉，打擾了，我想有點事情想請你幫個忙真不好意思，只是I wonder if you could help meLook, Im sorry to bother you, butTheres something you could help me withI hate to have to say this, but二、如何勸解別人的生氣放心吧你難得不覺得你自己是不是反應過度了一點 嗎？（太敏感了嗎）沒什么值得心煩的你一說，我還真不好意思（難為情了）Take it

44、 easy!Dont you think youre overacting a bit?There is no reason to get upset.I am sorry to hear that.三、提出建議和忠告不知您有沒有考慮過我想那是一個不錯的注意你想到過沒有你總是我要是你，就你最好I was wondering if youd ever thought ofI think it might be a good idea.Have you ever thought ofDont you think it might be a good idea toYou could alwaysI

45、f I were you IdWhy dont youYoud better四、了解別人經(jīng)歷Didnt you once.Did you ever.Tell me about the time you.I hear you once.Youve., havent you?幫助別人回憶后來呢你為什么不哪之前你那時候你感覺如何What happened next?Why didnt you.？Did you. before that?How do you feel when. ?Where were you doing while.?Then what did you do?Did you thi

46、nk of.？五、回顧時引導別人的想象要是你會干了些什么要是情況會怎么樣如果你會有什么樣的感覺？What would you have done ifWhat would have happened ifHow would you felt if六、這樣回應引導我不知道，我猜我會很難說，但是我想我會當然啦，我Oh, I dont know, I guess I would haveHard to say, but I think I would haveWell, of course, I could have七、老實道歉噢，實在對不起歉意之深，實在是無以言表（我無法告訴你我是 多么的內疚）我

47、真不知該怎樣說才好萬分抱歉Oh, Im awfully sorryI cant tell you how sorry I amI just dont know what to sayIm extremely sorry。八、我錯了我為而道歉恐怕我得說真不知該怎樣說，.要解釋清楚并不容易Ive got to apologize forIm afraid I have something to sayIm not exactly sure how to put this, butUm, this isnt easy to explain九、沒關系，我原諒你沒關系，不要在意算了不是你的錯啊呀，不要放

48、在心上，真的沒什么千萬別自怨自艾了（別再自責了）Oh, thats right; dont worry about itForget itIt not your faultOh, never mind never mind. It really doesntmatter.Please dont blame yourself。十、開始一個故事我告訴過你那時我那使我想起你竟然提起那件事，真是很有意思。因為類似 的事情也曾經(jīng)在我身上發(fā)生過Did I ever tell you about the time IThat reminds of the time IFunny you should men

49、tion that, because something similar happened to me once十一、有效控制敘述言歸正傳當我說這句話的時候不管怎么樣，無論如何長話短說不敢怎么說，最后的結局就是這樣的To get back to the storyAs I was sayingTo make a long story shortAnyway, what happened in the end was this:十二、制造懸念倒霉的就是（然后呢）他掉到了河里他打開的是一封信你可以猜猜他當時的感覺你想他會怎么做？然后你知道他干了嗎？你根本無法想象，下面發(fā)生了什么事情當他想想我的驚訝

50、吧What happened to him was he fell into the river What he die was open the letterYou can guess what he felt likeWhat do you think he didAnd then do you know what he didYoull never guess what happened nextImagine my surprise when he十三、如何陳述觀點如果你問我的話你知道我的想法嗎？我認為要點就是您不這樣說嗎？你不這樣認為嗎？照我看來，我只是想說說我的想法，我要指出的是I

51、f you ask me,You know what I think? I think thatThe point isWouldnt you say thatDont you agree thatAs I see itId just like to say that I think thatId like to point out that十四、如何表示同意與不同意（1）同意的確如此（完全同意）我一萬個同意那正是我想的那正是我想的好注意英雄所見略同ExactlyI couldnt agree moreThafs just was I was thinkingYou know, thats w

52、hat I thinkThats a good pointGreat minds think alike（2）不同意是的，說的不錯，但是，我不敢肯定我是否同意你在那一方面是有道理，但是，也許吧，但是你難道沒有想到y(tǒng)es, thats true, butIm not sure if I agreeWell. You have s point there, butMaybe, but dont you think that（3）朋友之間開玩笑吧別裝蒜了！吹什么吹！別騙人了。Are you kidding?Dont make laugh!Come off it!十五、如何進行討論（1）委婉表達意見有

53、時我想我聽說過你不是說你認為你說是對的嗎？我倒覺得I sometimes think thatWell, Ive heard thatWouldnt you say thatDo you think its right to say thatIts my feeling that（2）不懂就問我不明白你說的關于的情況對不起，我不明白你的意思你到底想告訴我什么我不能完全理解難得意旨I didnt follow what you said aboutSorry， I dont see what you meanI dont see what youre getting atWhat exactly

54、 are you trying to tell me（3）被人誤解和被人不懂立即解釋 那不完全是我想表達的20082008年考研復試之英文簡歷常用詞匯中英文對個人資料常用語alias別名street街name姓名in.英寸Mr.先生road路pen name 筆名 ft.英尺Miss 小姐 district 區(qū)讓我換一種說法讓我再講一次Thats mot exactly what I meanLet me put it another waySorry, let me explain十六、如何提出問題；如何拖延，回答的技巧提問不知你是否能夠幫助我，我想知道I was wondering if

55、you could help me. Id like toknow不知你是否介意告訴我I wonder if you could tell me這也許聽起來是一個愚蠢的問題，但我想知道我希望你不要介意我的問題，我想知道你很介意告訴我打擾一下，我能不能很快問你一個問題你是否碰巧知道This sounds like a dumb a question but Id like toknowExcuse me, do you knowI hope you dont mind my asking, but Id like toknowWould mind telling me.Excuse me, bu

56、t could I ask you a quick question?Do you happen to know拖延，避免冷場好好好，讓我想想好的，我想一下我不敢肯定，我要核查一下那真實一個有趣的問題Well，let me seeOh let me think for a minuteI m not sure; Ill have to checkThafs a very interesting question十七、巧妙拒絕我真的不能肯定我無法回答對不起，真是不知道我沒什么想法我很愿意幫你，只是這個嘛，我現(xiàn)在不是很想談別問我這個Im not really sureI cannot answer

57、 that oneIm sorry, I really dont knowIve got no ideaId like to help you, but.Thats something Id rather not talk about justnow十八、如何知道得更多您再講一些有關的情況嗎？你能不能再多說一點關于關于我還想了解的更多我還想知道另外我想知道的是對不起，我指的不是那個。我想知道的是對不起，向您問個沒完。您能不能告訴我 對不起，我不是太明白為什么Could you tell me some more aboutCould you mind telling me more about

58、Id like to know more aboutSomething else I was wondering about wasSomething else I d like to know isSorry to keep after you, but could you tell meSorry, I dont quite understandMs （小姐或太太）house number門牌Mrs.太太lane胡同，巷age年齡height身高blood type 血型 weight 體重address地址 born生于permanent address 永久住址 birthday 生日

59、province 省 birthdate 出生日期city市 birthplace出生地點county 縣 home phone 住宅電話prefecture 專區(qū) office phone 辦公電話 autonomous region 自治區(qū) business phone 辦公電話 nationality 民族；國籍 current address 目前住址citizenship 國籍 date of birth 出生日期native place 籍貫 postal code 郵政編碼duel citizenship 雙重國籍 marital status 婚姻狀況 family statu

60、s 家庭狀況 married 已婚single 未婚 divorced 離異separated 分居 number of children 子女人數(shù)health condition健康狀況health健康狀況excellent （身體）極佳 short-sighted 近視 far-sighted 遠視 ID card 身份證date of availability 可到職時間 membership 會員、 資格president 會長 vice-president 副會長director 理事 standing director 常務理事society 學會 association 協(xié)會se