21世紀大學(xué)英語第一冊第二單元筆記 Conversational Ballgames

1、Unit Two Text AConversational BallgamesIWords & Expressions1. conversationan informal talke.g. He told the newspapermen about the conversation, but would not play them the actual tape of it.他向新聞記者講了這次談話的情況，卻不愿把實況錄音磁帶放給他們聽。The band drowned our conversation.樂隊的演奏聲把我們談話的聲音淹沒了。The professor invited his

2、students to his home for conversation.教授邀請學(xué)生們到自己家里會晤。語法用法】在說“跟進行談話”可以說“hold 或 have a conversation，不能說 take a conversation。e.g. I found it dnot easy to make conversation with her.在這里 make不可以改成 hold 或 。【詞義辨析】conversation, dialogue, talk, chat這些名詞均含“交談”之意。conversation: 一般用詞，指兩個或更多人互相交換意見的交談。dialogue: t

3、alk: 普通用詞，可與 conversation換用，指正式交談。chat: 指熟人之間非常隨便的交談，強調(diào)談話的親密和非正式性2. startlemake suddenly surprise or slightly shockede.g. The least noise would startle the timid child.最小的響聲也會嚇著這個膽小的孩子的。He was startled by the news.這消息使他大吃一驚。He gave me a startle.他嚇了我一跳?！驹~義辨析】surprise, amaze, astonish, startle這些動詞均含“使

4、驚愕，使驚訝，使驚奇”之意。surprise: 普通用詞，多指因未預(yù)料或意外的事而引起的驚奇之感。amaze: 語氣較強，指因認為不可能或極少可能發(fā)生情況的出現(xiàn)而感到驚訝或迷惑不解。astonish: 語氣較強，指出乎預(yù)料，意外發(fā)生，但又無法解釋而感到驚奇。startle: 指因突然的驚嚇或意料不到的刺激等而使人驚跳或震驚。halta a a a a1Unit Two Text A a 【詞義辨析】cease, pause, stop, halt, quit, end這些動詞均含有“停止”之意。cease: 指逐漸、徐徐中止某種狀態(tài)的存在。書面用詞。pause: 指暫時的、瞬間的停頓，隱含有再

5、進行之意。stop: 指動作、運行、進展等被停下來，含突然、斷然的意味。halt: 側(cè)重突然地、決定性地終止、停止某一活動。quit: 指最終徹底停止某事，有時暗示遭到失敗或面臨挫折。end: The book ends on page 364該書在第364 4. handledeal withe.g. The speaker was roughly handled by the mob.演說者受到暴民的粗暴對待。I was impressed by her handling of the affair.我覺得她對此事的處理很了不起。An officer must know how to ha

6、ndle his men.當(dāng)軍官的應(yīng)懂得怎樣統(tǒng)率士兵Gelignite is dangerous stuff to handle.葛里炸藥是不可隨便觸碰的危險材料。We dont handle that sort of book.我們不經(jīng)銷那一類書。Hes not a very good teacherhe doesnt know how to handle children.他不是一個好的老師他不懂得如何對待孩子。Customers are asked not to handle the goods in the shop.請顧客不要觸摸商店里的貨物。Pick up the typewrit

7、er case by the handle.抓住把手，把打字機箱子拿起來?！驹~義辨析】deal with, cope with, dispose of, manage, handledeal with: 既可指處理具體事情，也可指處理或解決具有抽象意義的問題。cope with: 指成功地處理或?qū)Ω陡鼮橹卮螅鼮閲乐氐膯栴}或事物。dispose of: 與 deal with 同義，普通用法。e: 指處理日常事務(wù)與工作，也可指經(jīng)營管理。handle: 4. challenge-n. 挑戰(zhàn); v. 向 . 挑戰(zhàn)e.g. The time was ripe for a challenge to t

8、he power of the government.時機已經(jīng)成熟，可以向政府權(quán)力提出挑戰(zhàn)了。They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world.他們曾向世界上最強的球隊挑戰(zhàn)并將他們打敗。2Unit Two Text AThis career offers a challenge.這份職業(yè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性。Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth is round.現(xiàn)在沒有人會對地球是圓的這一事實提出異議。5. responsible-adj. 有責(zé)任的, 責(zé)任重大的,

9、 負責(zé)的, 可靠的e.g. Our teacher is a very responsible person.我們的老師是一個非?？煽康娜?。She holds a very responsible position in the firm.她在公司里身居要職。Whos responsible for the terrible mess?誰應(yīng)該對這種混亂負責(zé)？【語法用法】 be responsible for見。. The cold weather is responsible for his absence. the person responsibleI want to see the pe

10、rson responsible. responsible后面可跟 that從句。The writer of a letter is responsible that it will be understood by its recipient. be responsible to be responsible for后跟物，指“對錯句: We must be responsible to the students behaviour.訂正: We must be responsible for the students behaviour.翻譯: 我們要對學(xué)生的行為負責(zé)。分析: be res

11、ponsible to be responsible for后跟物，指“對某事負6. coming before in time or ordere.g. Have you had previous career experience?你過去有過工作經(jīng)驗嗎？Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter among ourselves.在會議之前，我們討論了這個問題?！驹~義辨析】previous, foregoing, preceding, prior, former這些形容詞均可表示“在前的”之意。: 指時間上、順序上較早的，或指

12、正在談?wù)摰哪呈碌那耙粋€。g: 指前所述的，是 following的反義詞。: 特指時間和地位上緊接在前。prior: 與 previous同義，?？蓳Q用，但 prior有時強調(diào)更大的重要性，對比意味強。former: 系 latter 的反義詞，比 prior更著重對比。6. -v. 記錄, 登記, 注冊, 掛號; n. 暫存器, 記錄, 登記簿; n. 語語域, 音域通風(fēng)調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備3Unit Two Text Ae.g. Her face registered dismay.她臉上流露出驚慌的神色He slammed the door to register his disapproval.他

13、砰的一聲把門關(guān)上以示不滿。Each class has a register of 50 students.每班有 50 名學(xué)員注冊。The car was registered in my name.汽車是用我的名字登記注冊的?！菊Z法用法】 register作動詞指“掛號”時，動詞主語可用寄信人或郵局職員。I want to register this letter. “have this letter registeredregistered 屬于被動語態(tài)，表示”使這信被掛號； register作動詞表示“登記，注冊”時，后跟介詞 with。All the local newspapers

14、 should be registered with the municipal authorities. registerLet me register my admiration for your work. register office registry 。7. snatchget hold of (sth.) hastily; take in a hurry, esp. forcefullye.g. He snatched up his gun and fired.他突然拿起槍來射擊。The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.老鷹抓住小雞

15、飛走了。8. switchchangee.g. Long lectures really switch me off.我覺得冗長的演講很煩人。Our glasses have been switched this is mine.咱們的玻璃杯對調(diào)了這個是我的。II. Language Focus1. for a for some time; for a period of timee.g. Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空，我可以享受一下音樂。Could you please keep silent for a whi

16、le?你能不能清靜一會兒?Would you care to sit down for a while?你要不要坐一會呢？She has been playing with her handkerchief for a while when the meeting began.她玩弄手帕好一會兒，會開始了。Now we are busy. Lay that problem aside for a while, please.現(xiàn)在我們很忙，請把好個問題暫時擱在一邊吧。She lay musing for a while.4Unit Two Text A她躺著沉思了一會兒。The film man

17、aged to distract me from these problems for a while.這部影片分散了我的注意力，讓我暫時忘記了這些難題。She sat stunned for a while, until she recovered.她一時昏迷，坐下呆了一會兒才醒過來。2. to the point to the extent thate.g. I studied Japanese to the point where I became a fluent speaker.I could not fall asleep unless I exercised to the poi

18、nt of exhaustion.to the point: 切題, 切中要害e.g. She hates him to the point of not talking to him.她討厭他到不和他講話的程度。Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it.噪音快到我們無法忍受的地步。The speaker came to the point straight away.講演者直述要點。They argued to the point of fighting with each other.他們爭吵到打架的程度。He di

19、dnt say anything to the point.他沒有說出什么很中肯的東西。To regret ones errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance.對自己的錯誤后悔到不致重犯的程度是真正的后悔。Im in a hurry, so come to the point.我趕時間，直截了當(dāng)說出來吧。Lets get to the point.讓我們言歸正傳。3. just as, so-sth. happens in the same way as anothere.g. Just as the French

20、 love their wine, so the English love their beer.Just as Christmas is an important holiday for westerners, so is the Chinese New Year to the Chinese.Just as every coin has two sides, is no exception.4. agree” 的用法【語法用法】 agree指“承認”時，后可接 that 從句。I agree that the book is well worth reading. 不定式前通常加 agre

21、e而不是 accept。I agreed to meet them here.不用accept to 。 agree接不同介詞表示不同意思：agree withI agree with you.I agree with what you say.m afraid I t agree with you on this point.agree toI agree to the proposal / arrangement.I hope they would agree to our terms.5Unit Two Text Aagree on/upon指“雙方They agree on/upon

22、these terms.The two sides agreed on the price of the land. agreed that 從句。We are agreed that the meeting must be held not later than 8 August. agree也可作為及物動詞的過去分詞。We met at an agreed place at an agreed time.5. knock down: 擊倒, 撞倒, 拆除e.g. (Having been) Knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hosp

23、ital.被車子撞倒后，他在醫(yī)院里度過了一星期。He knocked down his opponent with a powerful left.他一記有力的左手拳將對手擊倒。His hapless lover was knocked down by a car.他那不幸的戀人被汽車撞倒了。These old houses are going to be knocked down.這些舊房子將予拆除。I managed to knock his price/him down (from 500 to 450).我設(shè)法壓了他的價從 500 英鎊減到 450 英鎊).The painting w

24、as knocked down (to an American dealer) for 5000.那幅畫拍賣時以 5000 英鎊售出給一個美國商人).He knocked his opponent down three times in the first round.在第一回合中他把對手擊倒了三次。She was knocked down by a bus.她被公共汽車撞倒了。6. no wonder: used to express sth. is fully anticipated難怪, 怪不得e.g. It is no wonder (that) hell sign the contr

25、act tomorrow.他明天簽約是不足為怪的。No wonder people say that computers are taking over the world.難怪有人說電子計算機正漸漸接管世界。No wonder the firm makes a loss; the office is terribly overstaffed.難怪公司虧損，辦公室嚴重超編。No wonder you are licking your chops, theres pork for dinner.怪不得你們在舐著嘴唇，原來晚餐有肉。No wonder you were late!難怪你來晚了！7.

26、 fall apart: break; fall to pieces; end in failuree.g. I slipped on the floor and the glass in my hand fell apart.Lisa did what she could to keep the marriage from falling apart.8. get sth. going: start doing sth.; make sth. begin to operatee.g. Weve spent too much time discussing; now lets get the

27、program going.Put two quarters in the slot, and you can get the washing machine going.9. take ones turn: take an opportunity or a duty to do sth.6Unit Two Text Ae.g. The team members each take a turn to speak, and then remain silent until their turn comes round again.After my colleagues I also took

28、my turn to greet our new boss.If people take turns to do something, they do it one after another.10. refer to: vt. 涉及, 指的是, 提作, 參考, 適用于e.g. Dont refer to this matter again, please.請不要再提這件事了。For further particulars, please refer to Chapter Ten.詳情請看第 10 章。The new law does not refer to land used for fa

29、rming.這條新的法律不適用于農(nóng)用土地。For net meeting instructions refer to Microsofts documentation or online help.關(guān)于 NetMeeting指南，可參考 Microsoft文檔或在線幫助。It can also refer to a conflict or disagreement, often involving violence.這個詞還可指沖突或不和，常涉及暴力行動。11. now that: as a result of the fact; sincee.g. She is much more mobi

30、le now that she has a car.她現(xiàn)在出去方便多了，她有了一輛汽車。Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents help.既然你已是個大學(xué)生了，就應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)著獨立，不靠父母的幫助。Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你長大了，就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母。Now that Im 90, I find the exertions of travelling too great.我已經(jīng)年屆 90, 出遠門已力不從心。Now that Ive paid the tax demand and the childrens school fees, Ill be head-over-hee