醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)課件資料：國(guó)際旅游前的醫(yī)療考慮

1、Review Article Medical Considerations before International Travel文章內(nèi)容專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯疑難詞匯詞根長(zhǎng)難句翻譯心得與趣事文章內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)化方案圖1 旅行前咨詢(xún)的結(jié)構(gòu)化方案實(shí)用方法實(shí)用方法疫苗接種常規(guī)疫苗白百破麻腮風(fēng)旅行疫苗甲肝傷寒和副傷寒乙型腦炎腦膜炎黃熱病狂犬病常見(jiàn)旅行疾病瘧疾其他蟲(chóng)媒傳播的疾病旅行者腹瀉高原病血栓交互式圖表/action/showMediaPlayer?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1508815&aid=NEJMra1508815_attach_1&area=Downloaded in Sept. 7th,

2、2016專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯201301073 嚴(yán)婧文Major Travel-related Diseases and Medication命名規(guī)律：癥狀 or 病原體Measlesmumpsrubella (MMR)Measles 麻疹 many little spots Mumps 腮腺炎 to mumble, whine, imitateRubella 風(fēng)疹 rash, reddish, ruber “red”Tetanus diphtheriaacellular pertussis (Tdap)Tetanus 破傷風(fēng): from Latin “tetanus” muscular spasm, a

3、 stretching, tension tetanic contraction 強(qiáng)直收縮Diphtheria 白喉 from Greek “diphthera prepared hide, leather,the disease so called for the tough membrane that forms in the throat. Pertussis 百日咳 per- “thoroughly” + tussis “cough”antitussive 止咳劑Major Travel-related Diseases and MedicationVaricella 水痘 “Chic

4、ken pox” irregular diminutive ofvariola(smallpox)Influenza 流感Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Hepatitis A 甲肝：provides more than 94% seroprotectionHepatitis B 乙肝Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers 傷寒和副傷寒起初以為 “resembling typhus 斑疹傷寒” 但其實(shí)不是一種Typhoid Mary (1909) was Mary Mallon (d.1938), a typhoid carrier who worked as a co

5、ok and became notorious after it was learned she unwittingly had infected hundreds in U.S.Major Travel-related Diseases and MedicationMeningococcus 腦膜炎球菌Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰質(zhì)炎 remains endemic only in Pakistan and Afghanistan Yellow fever 高熱+黃疸Rabies 狂犬病from Latinrabiesmadness, rage, fury,“ RageHydropho

6、biaJapanese encephalitis 乙型腦炎（病原體最初發(fā)現(xiàn)于日本）Tickborne encephalitis 蜱媒腦炎 Major Travel-related Diseases and MedicationTicks 蜱蟲(chóng), mites 螨蟲(chóng) , fleas跳蚤（light touch/tap）（little bit, small- minus）（flee）Anopheles mosquito 按蚊(瘧蚊)from Greek anopheles useless, hurtful, harmful, from “an-”, + “ophelos use, help, adv

7、antage”. So called because it conveys malaria.節(jié)肢動(dòng)物 “those with jointed feet,” from Greekarthrona joint”+podosfootDengue 登革熱from an African source, perhaps Swahili dinga seizure, cramp, form influenced by Spanish dengue prudery (perhaps because sufferers walk stiffly and erect due to painful joints).

8、 Chikungunya基孔肯雅熱斯瓦西里語(yǔ)，意為“彎曲”，患者出現(xiàn)關(guān)節(jié)炎癥狀，最后彎腰曲背。Major Travel-related Diseases and Medication 瘧疾from Italian malaria, from mala aria, literally bad air, from mala bad + aria air . The disease, now known to be mosquito-borne, once was thought to be caused by foul air in marshy districts. 旅客痢疾a flowing

9、through, fromdia-through +rrheato flowbloody diarrhea, diarrhea with fever, or dysenteryFrom dys-bad, abnormal, difficult +enteraintestines, bowels 疑難詞匯201301055 李沙桐immunocompromisedimmuno- protection/safe 免疫compromise v. 妥協(xié)；讓步 n. 妥協(xié)，和解；折衷itineraryn. 旅程，路線；旅行日程adj. 旅程的；巡回的，流動(dòng)的route n. 路線；航線schedule

10、n. 時(shí)間表；計(jì)劃表itinerary = route + scheduleboostern.增壓機(jī)助推器熱心的支持者起鼓勵(lì)或推動(dòng)作用的事物增效劑，加強(qiáng)劑regimenn. 養(yǎng)生法；生活規(guī)則；政體；支配regimen for vaccines/drugsadministrationn. 管理；行政；實(shí)施；行政機(jī)構(gòu)administration of vaccines/drugs給藥route of administration 給藥途徑indicationindicate vt. 表明；指出；預(yù)示；象征indications for vaccines/drugsindication n. 顯示；

11、標(biāo)志；適應(yīng)癥adherencen. 堅(jiān)持；依附，粘附；忠誠(chéng)The efficacy of either available vaccine against S. Typhi is only 60 to 80%. Adherence to the oral vaccine regimen may be as low as 70%.residing in malarious areas for 6 months or longer presents complex problems leading to reduced adherence to chemoprophylaxis.may encou

12、rage travelers to adhere to preventive measures.stick to.a body of knowledgeA body of knowledge in travel medicine has been published by the International Society of Travel Medicine.a body of 一片；大量body of knowledge 知識(shí)體系quadrivalentquadri- 四valent 價(jià)monovalentbivalenttrivalentpentavalenthexavalentsept

13、ivalent/septivalentoctovalentnine-valent詞根201301067宋慧芯chemoprophylaxis Chemo+pro+phylaxis1.chem- o related to chemical action or chemicals chemotherapy =- forward, forth, toward the front prodrug beforehand, in advance prohibit taking care of procure in place of, on behalf proconsul from L

14、atin pro on behalf of, in place of, before, for, in exchange for, just as, which also was used as a prefix.3. phylaxis a watching, guarding anaphylacticmalaria mal+aria1.mal- bad, ill, poorly, wrong malnutrition from French mal (adv.), from Old French mal (adj., adv.) evil, ill, wrong, wrongly (9c.)

15、, from Latin male (adv.) badly, or malus (adj.) bad, evil (fem. mala, neuter malum)2.-ia condition, noun ending pneumonia-肺炎 anaemia-貧血 diphtheria-白喉 from Latin and Greekpoliomyelitispolio+myelo+it is1.polio- grey poliodystrophia2.myelo- marrow myeloblast3.-itis inflammation. Hepatitis the gray matt

16、er in the spinal cord is inflamed, which causes paralysis. The earlier name wasinfantile paralysispathogenPatho+gen1.patho- disease pathogenesis2.-gen producing allergen producing disease, 1836, from Frenchpathognique, from Greekpathosdisease (seepathos) + French-gnique (see-gen). Related:Pathogenet

17、ic;pathogenicity.pneumococcus Pneumo+coccus1.pneumo- lung pneumogastric air pneumothorax breath pneumograph 2.-coccus spherical or roughly spherical bacterium Streptoccus staphylococcus拓展：-bacillus -spirillum tuberculosistuber+osis 1.tuber- lump tuberculation2.-osis a state of disease thrombosisdise

18、ase characterized by tuberculespandemic endemic epidemicpandemic pan+demo+ic 1.pan- all 2.demos people 3.-ic pertaining to pertaining to all people endemic en- inparticular to a people or localityepidemic epi+demo+ic epi among, upon from Late Latin pandemus, from Greek pandemos，pertaining to all peo

19、ple長(zhǎng)難句翻譯分享201301022 章筱Comprehension: of foremost importantA specialized travel medicine clinic or a medical facility designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a yellow fever vaccination center is best situated to interpret nuanced requirements and recommendations, and ref

20、erral to such a facility is recommended.Comprehension: of foremost importantA specialized travel medicine clinic or a medical facility designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a yellow fever vaccination center is best situated to interpret nuanced requirements and recomm

21、endations, and referral to such a facility is recommended.Comprehension: of foremost importantA specialized travel medicine clinic or a medical facility designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a yellow fever vaccination center is best situated to interpret nuanced requi

22、rements and recommendations, and referral to such a facility is recommended.Literal translation and free translationLiteral translation“not to alter the original words and sentences”“to keep the sentiments and style of the original”Free translation“conveying the meaning and spirit of the original wi

23、thout trying to copy its sentence pattern or figures of speech”Literal translation and free translationA causal but modest link between lack of mobility during travel and deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in otherwise healthy persons has been established. Causal: of, relating to, or actin

24、g as a causeModest: (of an amount, rate, or level of something) relatively moderate, limited, or smallLiteral translation and free translationA causal but modest link between lack of mobility during travel and deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in otherwise healthy persons has been establi

25、shed. Causal: of, relating to, or acting as a causeModest: (of an amount, rate, or level of something) relatively moderate, limited, or small對(duì)于通常健康的人群，（實(shí)驗(yàn)）證實(shí)旅行過(guò)程中缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)是深靜脈血栓或者肺栓塞的一個(gè)可能的但不是最主要的原因。 Double NegativeEmphasis; Dropping or keeping? No traveler should leave the consultation without understand

26、ing the importance of seeking expert medical advice immediately if fever develops after the return home.Double NegativeEmphasis; Dropping or keeping? No traveler should leave the consultation without understanding the importance of seeking expert medical advice immediately if fever develops after th

27、e return home.每一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)咨詢(xún)的人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，回家之后一旦發(fā)燒就要立刻尋找專(zhuān)業(yè)的醫(yī)學(xué)建議。THANKS趣事&心得 胡文墨 201301013趣事In Lay language (in any language。)Sub-saharan Africa (sub-：在下面，亞，副)Indian subcontinent （印度次大陸）Evacuation (n. 疏散，撤離) insurance medical evacuation from a resource-poor area to a hospital where definitive care can be obtaine

28、d . medical evacuation insurance would cover the cost of transportation to a facility where adequate care can be provided.Medical tourismtravel for medical treatmentunformed stools心得Indicate/indication：The discussion below, which focuses on indications for each vaccine in the context of travel.Hepatitis A vaccine is indicated for every nonimmune traveler.一、熟悉詞的陌生用法Separately, under the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), yellow fever vaccination may also be required for travelers arriving