英語長(zhǎng)句分析市公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、 英語長(zhǎng)句分析第1頁第1頁什么是長(zhǎng)句長(zhǎng)句在語法上稱為復(fù)合句，是由一個(gè)主要句子（主句）和一個(gè)或幾種從屬子句（從句）構(gòu)成，也就是說，它包括有兩個(gè)或更多主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中有一個(gè)（或更多）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子某一（些）成份，如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。有長(zhǎng)句中兼有復(fù)合句和并列句，即一個(gè)并列句中一個(gè)（或更多）分句，包括有一個(gè)（或更多）從句，這類句子有些語法學(xué)家稱為并列復(fù)合句。 第2頁第2頁為了便于分析，在此以紅色部分表示主語，蘭色部分表示謂語，下劃線部分表示賓語，斜體部分表示主從連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)，“（）”表示定語，“”表示狀語。 主語 謂語斜體部分 主從連詞和關(guān)聯(lián) _ 賓語（） 定語 狀語第3頁第3頁長(zhǎng)句分析時(shí)

2、應(yīng)掌握幾種要點(diǎn) 先找關(guān)鍵詞，即找出長(zhǎng)句中有幾種謂語，幾種連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)詞，若不是并列謂語，就可依據(jù)謂語再找出相應(yīng)主語，從而可把長(zhǎng)句化為幾種簡(jiǎn)樸句。如： 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 定語從句 例(1) When a body (which has a certain temperature) becomes hotter we say that heat has been added to it. 賓語從句 當(dāng)含有某一溫度物體變?yōu)楦鼰釙r(shí)，我們就說有熱量加到該物體上了 第4頁第4頁例(2) Where abnormal conditions or the need to carry large quantities

3、 of oil fuel render it necessary to carry ballast water (which is not a clean ballast in any oil fuel tank), such ballast water shall be discharged to reception facilities, and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record Book to the effect.上句中有四個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，由三個(gè)連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)詞連結(jié)，其中并列連詞引出了一個(gè)并列子句。本句可譯成：如異常情況或需要載有大量燃油使必需在

4、燃油艙中裝載不清潔壓載水時(shí)，這種壓載水應(yīng)排至接受設(shè)備，并應(yīng)將這一排放記入油類統(tǒng)計(jì)簿。第5頁第5頁2. 要注意句中省略例(3) There are three things (we have to know about every force in order to be able to understand the effect) (it produced.)通常，連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)詞省略出現(xiàn)在下列情況：引出定語從句關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom）在從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)；引出賓語從句連詞that也常出現(xiàn)省略。經(jīng)分析，在主謂結(jié)構(gòu) “we have to know” 和 “it pro

5、duced” 前都省略了在從句中作賓語關(guān)系詞which（或that），分別用來闡明前面先行詞things和effect。譯成：為了理解每個(gè)力所產(chǎn)生效果，我們必須知道力三要素。 第6頁第6頁3. 注意詞搭配和前后呼應(yīng)e.g. We may speak of anything whose voltage is higher than that of the earth as being positive, and of anything whose voltage is less than that of the earth as being negative.上句中有三個(gè)謂語，兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞（沒有省

6、略），由此可知有一個(gè)主句和兩個(gè)從句。這里要注意“speak of as”這種用as引出賓語補(bǔ)足語使用辦法，在它之前插入定語從句仍能辨認(rèn)。and后省略了“may speak”。譯成：我們可把但凡比地球電位高物體說成是帶正電，而把但凡比地球電位低物體說成是帶負(fù)電。第7頁第7頁5. 注意成份割裂例（5）If lubricating oil encounters high temperature it can burn, leaving as it does so carbon deposit.If lubricating oil encounters high temperature it can

7、burn, leaving as it does so carbon deposit. 句中，carbon deposit是分詞leaving賓語，被as引出狀語從句隔開了。 譯成：滑油假如遇上高溫就會(huì)燃燒，燃燒時(shí)會(huì)留下積碳。第8頁第8頁例（6）In a fluid that is in motion there is a decrease in pressure where the speed is increased, and an increase in pressure where the speed is decreased.In a fluid (that is in motion

8、) there is a decrease in pressure where the speed is increased, and an increase in pressure where the speed is decreased. 句中，兩個(gè)并列主語decrease和increase被中間地點(diǎn)狀語從句隔開。譯成：在運(yùn)動(dòng)流體內(nèi)，在速度增長(zhǎng)處，其壓力就減少，而在速度減小處，其壓力就增長(zhǎng)。第9頁第9頁Summary普通來說，先找謂語，連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞，然后找各謂語相應(yīng)主語（若主語明顯，也可先擬定主語）。這樣就把長(zhǎng)句分為幾種簡(jiǎn)樸句。若沒有并列謂語，則有幾種謂語就有幾種句子?？衫眠@點(diǎn)來判斷句中

9、連詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞是否省略。弄清楚各句意思，并把各句聯(lián)系起來，擬定其間意義關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文理解整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，但句意應(yīng)合乎道理，這是辯別長(zhǎng)句分析是否正確主要手段。若句意講不通，就得重新分析句子，直到講通為止。 第10頁第10頁ExerciseThe inlet and exhaust valve seats may become damaged during operation and from time to time they have to be reconditioned by grinding in the valve.This is required much more often in th

10、e case of the exhaust valves because of operation at higher temperature and because the gases flowing through may contain particles of carbonaceous matter which occasionally get trapped under the valve seat causing pitting.第11頁第11頁This is required much more often in the case of the exhaust valves be

11、cause of operation at higher temperature and because the gases flowing through may contain particles of carbonaceous matter which occasionally get trapped under the valve seat causing pitting. 排氣閥更需如此(與閥座重新研配), 由于排氣閥在高溫下工作,且(流過其中)排氣中也許含有碳顆粒,它們有時(shí)聚在閥座下產(chǎn)生點(diǎn)蝕.第12頁第12頁The life of an exhaust valve between

12、twice of reconditioning can be extended if the thermal loads to which it is subjected can be evenly distributed around the valve.The life of an exhaust valve between twice of reconditioning can be extended if the thermal loads to which it is subjected can be evenly distributed around the valve.假如排氣閥

13、所承受熱負(fù)荷均勻分布在閥上,排氣閥兩次研配間隔能夠延長(zhǎng).第13頁第13頁This can be accomplished by rotating the valves slowly as the engine is working. Valve rotators which carry out this movement have a type of ratcheting mechanism which indexes the valve round a small amount every time it is operated by the rocker gear.第14頁第14頁Valve rotators which carry out this move