2020屆高考英語二輪題海特訓營(5)閱讀理解推理判斷一

1、閱讀理解 -推理判斷1、In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novelspublished in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost expertsdate the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early

2、 stages; the literacy（ 識字 ） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady. ”Novels, for themost part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its fi

3、rst professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters fromOliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickensgreatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂 ）

4、 of Englishliterature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attachto stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some60,000 novels were published during the V

5、ictorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half- dozen of them. It s partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Itspartly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it s also that he r

6、ewrote the culture of literatureand put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made

7、 himself a lasting one.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?They were difficult to understand.They were popular among the rich.They were seen as nearly worthless.They were written mostly by women.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress.his rep

8、utation in Francehis interest in modern arthis success in publicationhis importance in literatureWhat is the author s purpo se in writing the text?To remember a great writer.To introduce an English novel.To encourage studies on culture.To promote values of the Victorian age.2、Daniel Hernandez always

9、 wanted to help people. Before he d even graduatedfrom high school, he trained to be a certified nursing assistant and volunteered at a nursing home. He then decided to work in public service. In his junior year at the University of Arizona, he majored in political science and began volunteering in

10、political activities.One of his heroes was Gabrielle Giffords. When picked for an internship（實習期 ） with her, he gladly gave up a part-time sales job. So eager was he that he started work four days early. OnSaturday morning, January 8, he arrived at La Toscana Village market north of Tucson and began

11、 setting up tables in front of a Safeway store where 30 or so people were gathering to meet Giffords.At 10: 10 a. m.,Hernandez heard loud sounds.“ Gun!” someone shouted. Heheard people screaming, saw them falling to the ground. Hernandez was standing 30 feet away from Giffords when she fell down. In

12、 seconds, he was at her side. Everywhere around him was chaos, but Hernandez willed himself to remain calm.Giffords was lying on the sidewalk; blood was streaming down her face from a bullet wound on her head. Gently, Hernandez lifted her into a sitting positionagainst his shoulder. Then, with his h

13、and, he applied pressure to the wound on her forehead to prevent the flow of blood. He calmed her and told her all would be well.Minutes later, ambulances arrived on the scene. Still Hernandez stayed with Giffords, holding her hand and talking.“ I just made sure she knew she wasn talone, ” he says.

14、“ When I told her Id contact her husband Mark, she squeezed my hand hard. ”Nineteen people fell victim to a crazy manthat day. Giffords, though wounded, survived in no small part because of Hernandez s quick actions. Hernandez did aheroic thing. Though he doesnt think so, the people of Tucson and th

15、e nation are grateful that Daniel Hernandez was there at that key moment, four days earlier than he was supposed to be.Where did Daniel Hernandez ever volunteer before the accident?At the University of Arizona.At a store for a product.At a nursing home.At his high school.Why did Hernandez stay with

16、Gabrielle Giffords as soon as possible?Gabrielle Giffords was his hero.He worked as a security guards.He knew Gabrielle Giffords was in danger.He knew how to treat her wound.According to the last paragraph, to the people of Tucson, Gabrielle Giffords worked hard at the Safeway storewas one of Daniel

17、 Hernandez s friendsdid a really heroic thing that daywas lucky to survive the accident3、Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there s always a temptation（ 誘惑 ） to drag it into

18、 problems where it may not behelpful. David Brooks, author ofThe Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love,Character, and Achievement , appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal

19、, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren t

20、?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（學科 ）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox（非常規(guī)的 ）, and perhapsunfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a sto

21、ry, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader sattention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Bro

22、oks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole, Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to thin

23、k on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems withThe Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partlyinvolve Brooks s attempt to translate his tale into science.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the

24、passage to.illustrate where science can be applieddemonstrate the value of Brooks s new bookremind the reader of the importance of scienceexplain why many writers use science in their worksAccording to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?Its strong basis.Its convincing

25、 points.Its clear writing.Its memorable characters.What is the author s general attitude towards the book?Contradictory.Supportive.Cautious.Critical.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?Problems with the book.Brooks s life experience.Death of the characters.Brooks s tran

26、slation skills.4、1. The Wright Brothers, by David McCulloughAnother must-read for history fans, McCullough tells the story of Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who taught the world how to fly. Drawing on all types of historical data from personal diaries and scrapbooks, to thousands of private

27、 letters of family letters we get a close look at the actual personalities behind one of the most influential moments in history.The Wonder Garden, by Lauren AcamporaThis novel is really a collection of several interwoven（交織 ）stories ofpeople living in the rich Connecticut suburbs. From tales of an

28、elderly artist to a young mother to a woman whose husband just behaves carelessly, TheWonder Gardengives us an unforgettable reminder that there s often so much we don t know about what happens with our neighbors behind closed doors.Between You & Me: Confessions of a Comma Queen, by Mary NorrisDoes

29、someone mistaking who for whom make your blood boil? Do you want to throw a dictionary at someone for mistaking sit for cite? Enter Between You & Me.s copy department toMary Norris brings her experience working in The New Yorker eager grammar fans in this laugh-out-loud book that looks at some of th

30、e most common spelling, punctuation, and usage problems in the English language.s copy department toMy Struggle: Book Four, by Karl Ove KnausgaardMy Struggle is a six-volume autobiographical novel that follows the lifeof Karl Ove Knausgaard, a Norwegian father of three. In Book Four, he writes of hi

31、s decision at the age of 18 tomove to a fisherman s village in the far northof theArctic circle to work as a school teacher. It s there that he struggle s with love, alcoholism, and becoming loved by one of his students.What does the book The Wright brothers focus on?Invention of airplanes.Nature of

32、 the characters.History of airplanes.Ordinary life of the characters.Who describes his or her real life experiences in the novel?David McCullough.Lauren Acampora.Karl Ove Knausgaard.Mary Norris.Which of the following books might make you burst into laughter?My Struggle.The Wonder Garden.The Wright B

33、rothers.Between You & Me.5、When I was in fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanleywas one of my customers. She d watch me coming down her street, and by the timeI d biked up to her doorstep, there d be a cold drink waiting. I d sit and drink while she talked. Mrs. Stanley talked m

34、ostly about her dead husband, “ Mr. Stanleyand I went shopp ing this morning.she d say. The first time she said that, soda went up my no se.and I went shopp ing this morning.told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably Ionely, and that I ought

35、to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she d work it out of her system. So that s what I did, andit turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery （ 墓地）.I fin allyquit deliveri ngn ewspapers and did n t see Mrs. Stanley for severa

36、lyears. Then we crossed paths at a church fun d-raiser. She was spo oning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she d had to offer her paperboy adrink to have some one to talk with. Now she had frien ds. Her husba nd was gone, but life went on.I live in the city now, and my paperboy

37、is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I m doing. When I don t say“fine, ” she sticks around to hearmy problems. She s lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about com muni ty. Community isn t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you

38、 re doing because they care, and not because they re getting paid todo so. Sometimes it s good to just smile, nod your head and listen.Why did soda go up the author s nose one time?He was talki ng fast.He was shocked.He was in a hurry.He was abse nt-min ded.Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs.

39、Stanley?He enjoyed the drink.He wan ted to be helpful.He took the cha nee to rest.He tried to please his dad.Which of the follow ing can replace the un derl ined phrase“ work it out of hersystem” in Paragraph 2?Recover from her sadness.Move out of the neighborhood.Turn to her old friends.Speak out a

40、bout her past.What does the author think people in a community should do?Open up to others.Depend on each other.Pay for others help.Care about one another.6、I carried out my first real experiment in the 9th grade. My school wasa dream place for someone who dreamed of becoming a scientist we had almo

41、steverything that one needed to do experiments in the lab.The experiment was designed by me and another student called Aisha, who tothis day remains a very close friend of mine. We chose to learn about the effectof antioxidants（ 抗氧化劑 ）on the growth of African violets（ 紫羅蘭 ）. Wecloned a lot of Africa

42、n violets and planted them into baby food jars.To learn about the effect of antioxidants, we decided to count the numberof little baby leaves that appeared on the cloned leaf every day. I was not sure why we decided to choose antioxidants to do the experiment. We were just 14 after all and we didnt

43、know much about plants. However, we found that the ones fed with antioxidants produced more little baby leaves on them. I was sure the antioxidants had an effect on them. It was a wonderful experience to set up such an experiment.I learned a lot from that experience. It was just the one that made me

44、 like science, and having the opportunity to do real science at school made me believe that. It wasn t reading science out of a book, and it wasnt watching videos about adults with bad hair doing science in a lab; it was actually doing science that interested me thinking about it, planning it, and d

45、oing it.After that experiment, I did more experiments in the lab with myfriend Aisha. We learned a lot of things through doing experiments in the lab of our school. I was so lucky that I attended such a school.Recently, I read a report on a website. It shows that many schools in the US don t have th

46、e resources（ 資源 ） needed to do experiments in their school labs. Students should do experiments in the lab. It totally works. It makes kids like science. I hope that schools around the nation will provide their students with more resources to do experiments in the lab.What s the author s purpose in

47、doing the experiment?To find out how African violets grew into big plants.To clone enough African violets to plant in the wild.To find the effect of antioxidants on African violets.To test whether antioxidants were good for all plants.The author found the African violets fed with antioxidants .looke

48、d very strangegrew better than otherswere almost destroyedhad much bigger leavesAfter doing the experiment the author .wanted to find a better partnershowed great interest in sciencethought it was hard to do experimentswanted to read books to improve his experimentWhat is the text mainly about?The a

49、uthor s first experiment in a lab.Why all students cannot do experiments.Why the author was interested in science.Things the author learned from experiments.答案以及解析答案以及解析1 答案及解析： 答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A 解析：本文寫于 Charles Dickens 誕辰 200 周年前夕 , 介紹了 Charles Dickens 在英國小說 方面的重要貢獻和深遠影響。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段對當時情況的描寫nobody w

50、anted to do it professionally.The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（識字 ）rate in England was under 50%. Many works offiction appeared without the namesof the authors. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. 可知 , 印刷技術落后 ,

51、 人們識字率低 , 作品上沒有作者名字 , 小說被認為是 愚蠢的、不正常的 , 或者毫無價值可言。故選 C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段 Dickens greatness is unchallenged.和列舉的 CharlesDickens 小說的影響可知 , 把他和 Mona Lisa 相比是為了說明 Charles Dickens 在英國小說 方面的重要性和 Mona Lisa 在繪畫方面的重要性是一樣的 , 故選 D。寫作意圖題。 根據(jù)文中對 Charles Dickens 及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫, 和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of h

52、is birth approaches, it is possible andimportant for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知 , 本文是寫于 Charles Dickens 誕辰 200 周年前夕 , 由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀念這位 偉大的作家。故選 A。點睛 :推理判斷題要求在理解表面文字的基礎上 , 做出判斷和推論 , 從而得到文章的隱含的意思和 深層的意思 , 也就是通過文章中的文字信息 , 上下邏輯關系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息,推斷出作者沒有直接表達的態(tài)度和觀點。本文

53、推理判斷題的考法 :推測文章的觀點或結論。小題 1 要求判斷 18世紀英國小說的現(xiàn)狀 , 根據(jù)第一段對當時情 況的描寫 nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.Novels,可知, 當時印刷技術落后 ,人們were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. 識字率低 可知, 當時印刷技術落

54、后 ,人們2. 2. 推測作者寫作目的或意圖。小題 3 判斷本文的寫作目的 , 根據(jù)文中對 Charles Dickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫, 和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of hisbirth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知 , 本文是寫于 Charles Dickens 誕辰 200 周年前夕, 由此推斷作者寫本文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。答案

55、及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.C; 3.D解析： 1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“ and volunteered at a nursing home. ” 可 知, 在事故發(fā)生之前 , Daniel Hernandez 在一家私人療養(yǎng)院做過志愿者 , 故選 C 項。推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知 , 當時 Giffords 受傷倒下去了 , 她的處境非常危險 , 因此 距離她不遠的 Hernandez 以自己的最快速度上前去保護她 , 并對她的傷口進行處理 , 故選 C 項。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的 Daniel Hernandez was there at that ke

56、y moment,four days earlier than he was supposed to be. ”可知 ,Daniel Hernandez 本應該在 4 天之后才去那里的,因此推斷：Gabrielle Giffords的獲救是非常幸運的,故D項正確。答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A解析： 1. 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇書評。作者列舉了 Brooks 的幾本書 , 指出了書中值得肯 定的地方 , 同時也找出了其不足之處。推理判斷題。文章第一句提到科學有許多用途 , 可以揭示自然的規(guī)律、治病、制造原子彈等 等, 后面又提到 David Brooks 。由此可知

57、, 許多作家在作品中運用科學知識 , 就是因為它的功 能很多 , 所以選 D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ .As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear. ”可知 , 撰寫清楚是他的書的一個優(yōu)點 , 所以選 C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的 . “whofail ed to resist the temptation. ”和第三段中的“ you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of fact. But Brooks has structured his book in an un

58、orthodox,and perhaps unfortunate, way. ”可知，Brooks 寫的和人們期望的不一樣。由此可知 , 作者是持批判的態(tài)度。3. 3. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句After a while she seemed content to leave her推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知 , 這些問題涉及 Brooks 把他的故事轉換成科學 的企圖，由此可知，作者在本段談到這本書的問題，所以選A B項“ Brooks的生活經(jīng)歷” ；C 項人物的死亡” ；D項“ Brooks的翻譯技巧”都與該段無關。【長難句分析】 Indeed science is so

59、good at what it does that theres always a temptation to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.的確 ， 科學對它做的事情如此擅長 ， 以至于總有一種要把它拖進無能為力解決的問題中的誘惑。本句是一個復 合句。 so.that.引導的是結果狀語從句 ；where it may not be helpful是定語從句 ， 修飾 problems 。答案及解析：答案： 1.B； 2.C； 3.D解析： 1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ . we get a dose look at

60、the actualpersonalities behind one of the most influential moments in history.”可知 ， 這本書可以讓我們了解歷史上最有影響力的時刻之一背后的真實人物，所以選B項。推理判斷題。 根據(jù)最后一段中的“ It s there that he struggles with love， alcoholism，and becoming loved by one of his students.” 可知 ， 在小說 My Struggle:Book Four中， Karl Ove Knausgaard描寫了自己真實的生活經(jīng)歷推理判