英美文學(xué)重點(diǎn)作者匯總

1、歡迎下載歡迎下載 早期和中世紀(jì)的英國(guó)文學(xué)GeoffreyChaucerii簡(jiǎn)介：GeoffreyChauceristhefounderofEnglishpoetryandaforerunnerofhumanism.HewasregardedasthefounderofEnglishrealism.代表作：TroilusandCriseyde特洛伊斯洛與克瑞西達(dá)（改變于意大利）；TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集（包括：“ThePrologue”總序；“TheWifeofBath”巴斯婦人）TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集的影響：Itshowsatrue-to-

2、lifepictureofChaucerstime.（之所以說(shuō)喬叟是Thefounderofrealism，是因?yàn)樵缙谟?guó)文學(xué)歌頌英雄（Anglo-Saxonpoetry），中期英國(guó)文學(xué)歌頌騎士精神（TheRomance），之后雖然有了pierstheplowman，也不曾直接寫社會(huì)不公，直到喬叟真實(shí)描寫中世紀(jì)及各層人民。）Takingfromthestandofrisingbourgeoisie,ChauceraffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbytheChurch.Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevil

3、sofhistime,attackdegenerationofthenoble,thecorruptionoftheChurch.語(yǔ)言特色/貢獻(xiàn)：HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytheHeroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry.Heisgoodattheterzarima,whichmakeshislanguageahighstyle.二、英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興ThomasMoreii簡(jiǎn)介：Thoma

4、sMoreisanEnglishhumanismchurchman.代表作：Utopia烏托邦。評(píng)價(jià)：Moredaredtofightagainstthefeudalismrulerandhewasahumanist.But,hewasnorevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanyrevolutionarymovement.Thesystemofbondsmensuggestedtosolvetheproblemofsocialproductivitystillremainsthefeaturesofclassex

5、ploitation.Hecouldneverfindthemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.FrancisBacon簡(jiǎn)介：HeisthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy,thefirstEnglishessayistandthefounderofEnglishModernScience.Heistheonewhointroducedessay,theliteraryform,toEngland.代表作：AdvancementofLearning學(xué)問(wèn)的演進(jìn)；NewInstrument新工具；TheEssays隨筆

6、（58篇）“OfStudies論學(xué)習(xí)；“OfBeauty論美；“OfWisdomforaMansSelf”論自私?！癘fStudies”論學(xué)習(xí)：Itsmessageisconveyedwithsweepingeffectandoverwhelmingpower,whichlieintheunityofthemessageandtheconsistenceofforcefulargumentations.內(nèi)容：Thetextfocusesononecontrollingidea“studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.”“OfBeauty

7、論美：Unlikemanyofhiscontemporaries,Baconmakesfulluseofsomeageravocabularytoexplicatehisgreattheme:thecriterionofbeauty.Hemakesaconclusionthatonlythebeautyofvirtuecan“shine”eternally,beyondtimeandspace.主題/技法：BaconsessaywritingisclassifiedintoClassicEssay.Theclassicessayisascomprehensiveinsubjectmatters

8、andstylesasinallclassicliterature.Insubjects,theclassicessaydealswithavarietyofthemes:philosophy,literarycriticism,arts,politics,history,socialproblems,travelsandotheraspectsoflife.Instyle,Baconisweightandhighlysententious.Manyofhissentenceshavebecomewiseoldsayings.EdmundSpenser簡(jiǎn)介：EdmundSpenserwasre

9、cognizedasthe“Poetspoet代表作：TheShepherdSCalendar牧羊人日歷；Epithalamion結(jié)婚曲；Amoritti愛情小唱；TheFaerieQueene仙后。TheSpenserianStanza:Itreferstoanine-line-stanzawiththefollowingrhymescheme:ababbcbcc.Thefirsteightlinesarewritteniniambicpentameter.Theninthlineiswritteniniambichexameterwhichiscalledanalexandrine.The

10、FaerieQueene仙后：Alongpoemplannedin12books,ofwhichhefinishedonlysix.ItissetinthemythicalworldofKingArthurandhisknights.theme:Nationalism,HumanismandPuritanism.地位：ThepublicationofTheShepherdsCalendarmarkedthebuddingoftheRenaissanceflowerinthenorthernislandofEngland（Ireland）.ThelanguagehadchangedintoMod

11、ernEnglishdistinguishedfromtheMiddleEnglishofChaucersday.Spenseristhefirstmastertomakethatlanguagethenaturalmusicofhispoeticeffusions.HeinventedtheSpenserianstanza,whichbecameapopularverseforminthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglishpoetry.ChristopherMarloweii簡(jiǎn)介：ChristopherMarlowewasthemostpreeminentfigur

12、eamongthe“universitywits”,aswellasthegreatestplaywrightbeforetheriseofShakespeare.代表作：Tamburlaine帖木兒大帝（對(duì)權(quán)力的貪婪）；TheJewofMalta馬耳他的猶太人（對(duì)金錢的貪欲）；DoctorFaustus浮士德博士。DoctorFaustus浮士德博士：Theplaydealswiththemesincludingsin,redemption,anddamnation.ThechieffeatureofFaustusscharacterisaninsatiablethirstforknowle

13、dge.ThetragedyofDoctorFaustusischaracteristicofahumanistintheageofRenaissance.社會(huì)意義：Marlowesplaysshowthespiritoftherisingbourgeoisie.Theheroesofhisplaysaretypicalimagesoftheeraoftheprimitiveaccumulationofcapital.ThethemeofMarlowesplaysisthepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasan

14、dlaw.However,theheroesinMarlowesplaysaremerelyindividualists.Theirindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruintotheworldandsometimestothemselves.文學(xué)成就：MarlowewasthegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama.HereformedtheEnglishdramaandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.Hefirstmadeblankversetheprincipalin

15、strumentofEnglishdrama.Althoughhisplayslackofvarietyincharacterizationandconstruction,hewasfamousforhis“mightyline”.WilliamShakespeare簡(jiǎn)介：Shakespeareisthemostremarkableplaywrightandpoetallovertheworld.戲劇分期：1590-1594初期，實(shí)驗(yàn)各種戲劇類型。早期人物塑造不夠豐滿，歷史精確性不夠，以詩(shī)劇為主要形式卻無(wú)法擺脫押韻詩(shī)的死板僵硬。HenryVI亨利六世RichardIII理查德三世；TheCom

16、edyofErrors錯(cuò)中錯(cuò)；TheTamingoftheShrew馴悍記；LovesLaboursLost愛的徒勞RomeoandJuliet羅密歐與朱麗葉。1595-1600成熟期，史劇、十四行詩(shī)都很成熟?？傮w上積極向上但已有了些許苦痛，人物成熟飽滿，史料豐富，采用馬洛的無(wú)韻詩(shī)寫法。Richard理查德二世；HenryIV亨利四世；HenryV亨利五世TheMerryWivesofWindsori溫莎的風(fēng)流娘們；JuliusCaesar朱利尤斯凱撒；偉大喜劇“GreatComedies”AMidsummerNightSDream仲夏夜之夢(mèng)，TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人；

17、AsYouLikeit皆大歡喜；TwelfthNight第十二夜1601-1607偉大悲劇時(shí)期，由于社會(huì)劇變，作品悲觀。AllsWellThatEndsWell終成眷屬；MeasureforMeasure一報(bào)還一報(bào)；AntonyandCleopatra安東尼和克里奧佩特拉；偉大悲劇“GreatTragediesHamlet哈姆萊特；Othello奧賽羅；KingLeari李爾王；Macbeth麥克白。傳奇劇時(shí)代。Cymbeline辛白林；TheWintersTale冬天的童話；TheTempest暴風(fēng)雨；HenryVIII亨利八世。詩(shī)歌：VenusandAdonis維納斯和阿多尼斯；TheRa

18、peofLucrece魯克麗絲受辱記；Sonnets十四行詩(shī)集。.BenJonson簡(jiǎn)介：BenJonsonwasoneoftheleadingdramatistsoftheRenaissanceperiod.代表作：EveryManinHisHumour個(gè)性互異；Volpone,ortheFox福爾蓬奈（或狐貍）；TheAlchemist煉金術(shù)士；BartholomewFair巴梭羅繆市集。作品特點(diǎn)：Jonsonscomediesare“comediesofhumours.Hisportrayalofcharactersisone-sided,flat,andlackingdevelopme

19、ntinsteadofbeingroundandflexible.Jonsontookafirmstandforthe“threeunities”（time,placeandaction）andstronglydisapprovedofamixtureofseriousandcomicepisodesinaplay.Headvocatesatruthfulandrealisticdescriptionoflifeandpeople.HewasaforerunnerofclassicisminEnglishliterature.三、英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命時(shí)期.JohnMilton簡(jiǎn)介：JohnMilt

20、onisthethirdgreatestEnglishpoetafterChaucerandShakespeare.早期寫詩(shī)歌，中期寫宣傳冊(cè)，晚期寫史詩(shī)。代表作：“Lycidas”利西達(dá)斯（悼亡詩(shī)）；“OnhisDeceasedWife致亡妻；Areopagirica論出版自由；DefenceoftheEnglishPeople為英國(guó)人民辯護(hù)（查理二世雇人寫文章討伐英國(guó)人民，因?yàn)楫?dāng)年他們支持處死查理一世，米爾頓寫此文為英國(guó)人民辯護(hù)。）；ParadiseLost失樂園；ParadiseRegained復(fù)樂園；SamsonAgonistes力士參孫。ParadiseLost失樂園：概況：Parad

21、iselost,consistingof12books,naturallydividesintothreeequalpartsoffourbookseach.ThestoriesweretakenfromtheOldTestamentandwritteninblankverse.InthisworkMiltontriedtoanswertheoldquestionchallengingallChristians,namely：ifGodisall-goodandall-powerful,whyistheresomuchsufferingandevilinthisworld?主題：Therear

22、ethreestrikingaspectsofhisintentioncanbefeltinthisepic：hisfaithinGod,hisinclinationforclassicism,andhisyearningforreformationandfreedom.人物：Satan,thoughdefeated,stillsoughtrevenge,isthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem.Thoughfeeblerinforce,heremainssuperiorinnobility,sinceheprefersindependencetohappyser

23、vility.SatanisthespiritofquestioningtheauthorityofGod.InthepoemGodisnobetterthanaselfishdespot,seateduponathronewithachorusofangelsabouthimeternallysinginghispraises.However,wecannevertakeitforgrantedthatMiltonisattackingGod.TheGodMiltoncursedwas,infact,nottheChristianProvidencebutameresymbolforanyt

24、hinghebelievedtobebadorimmoral.AdamandEveembodyMiltonsbeliefinthepowersofman.貢獻(xiàn)/技法：Miltonwaspoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse.Heisamasteroftheblankverse.Hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.

25、Heisagreatstylist.Heisfamousforhisgrandstyle.（a）.Hisstyleischaracterizedwiththeepicelementsinit.（b）.Healwaysinversethewordorder.（c）.Hiswritingiscircumlocution（累贅的陳述）.（d）.Hisuseofimmenselylongsentencesandtheepanalepsis（語(yǔ)句間隔反復(fù)）Hehasalwaysbeenadmiredforhissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.四、十八世紀(jì)

26、英國(guó)文學(xué)（思想啟蒙時(shí)期）.AlexanderPope簡(jiǎn)介：AlexanderPopewasknownasrepresentativeoftheEnlightenment.HeisoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismintoEngland.Hebelievedinthenecessityofuniversaleducation,especiallythatofsocialmorality,classiccultureandscientificknowledge.Healsoassumedtheroleofchampionoftraditionalciviliza

27、tion.（為什么說(shuō)他是啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的代表）。代表作：EssayonCriticism論批評(píng)（用英雄雙韻體作）；TheRapeoftheLock卷發(fā)遇劫記；TheDunciad群愚史記；EssayonMan人論（啟蒙主義重要的作品）。成就/局限性：PopewasanoutstandingenlightenerandthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheclassicalschoolinthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury.Heusuallywritesintheformofheroiccouplets.Hisstyleisdirectandcompact.Hew

28、asathisbestinsatireandepigram.Almostallhisworksaresatires.Heisgoodatsayingbrilliantandtruethingsinasparklingway.Buthelackedthelyricalgift.DanielDefoe（賞析）iiDesertIslandFiction：isaformoffictioninwhicharemoteanduncivilizedislandisusedasthevenueofthestoryandaction.Usuallyitcanbeplacedrightoutsidethe“rea

29、l”worldandmaybeanimageoftheideal,unspoiledorprimitiveexistence,foritisoftenpresentedasanexampleofinnergoodness,bravery,dignityandnobility,oradolescentinnocenceandpurityuncorruptedbytheevilforceincivilization.寫作技巧：Defoewroteinaplainfactual,almostdocumentarystylewithoutelaborate,romanticextravagancesa

30、ndencouragedthedevelopmentofrealisticfiction.Hisvocabularyiscolloquial,uncolouredandfree-running,butfirmandconcrete.Thefirst-personnarrationisvivid,authenticandimpressivewithunadornedrealism.Defoecreates,withnosighofdeliberateintent,therealisticfictionthedominantliteraryformforthefollowingcenturies.

31、內(nèi)容：HereDefoedescribeshowthehero,afteryearsofsolitudeandhardships,managedtoconstructforhimselfahabitableandevenprosperoussettlementbyhisunaidedeffort.殖民主義表現(xiàn)：ActuallyCrusoedidmorethanmeresurvival,forheestablishedaplantation,openedupacolony,andcreatedevenacivilizationinthewilderness.人物精神：Defoepresentsh

32、ereinCrusoeaheroicimageofthebourgeoisman,amanwhoisdaring,persistent,resourcefulandambitious,adventurous,enterprisingaswell;amanwhorichlyrepresentsthespiritofcapitalism.贊頌了：Theadventureromancebecomesanoptimisticsongofhumanity,singingofmansabilitytosurvive,hiscouragetostruggleagainstnature,hisambition

33、toconquernewland,.HenryFielding簡(jiǎn)介：HenryFieldingisthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticschoolinliteraturewithSamuelRichardson.代表作：JosephAndrews約瑟夫安德魯；JonathanWild大偉人喬納森魏爾德；TomJones湯姆瓊斯。特點(diǎn)：FieldingisthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelandsetsupthetheoryofrealisminliterarycreation.Fieldingswayintellingthesto

34、ryofanovelisthestorymaybetoldbytheauthor.FieldingswayofsatireistoslashtheevilsofthecorruptrulingclassesasinJonathanWild.JonathanSwift簡(jiǎn)介：JonathanSwiftwasanIrishsatirist,essayist,poetandpoliticalpamphleteer.代表作：TheBattleoftheBooks書戰(zhàn)；ATaleofaTub一個(gè)木桶的故事；BickerstaffAlmanac比克斯塔輔歷書；GulliversTravels格列夫游記；Th

35、eDrapiersLetters一個(gè)麻布商的來(lái)信；AModestProposal一個(gè)小小的建議。風(fēng)格：SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.Hesaid,“Properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”Heisamastersatiristandhisironyisdeadly.WilliamBlake（前浪漫主義詩(shī)人）簡(jiǎn)介：WilliamBlakeisaBritishpoet,painterande

36、ngraver.代表作：SongsofInnocence天真之歌；SongsofExperience經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌；TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂與地獄的婚姻。地位：ThewholetemperofBlakesgeniuswasessentiallyopposedtotheclassicaltraditionofthatage.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.BlakesrevolutionarypassioncamenearthatofShelly.五、英國(guó)浪漫主義時(shí)期.浪漫主義時(shí)期的

37、主要特點(diǎn)：時(shí)間：Attheturnofthe18thand19thcenturies,romanticismappearedinEnglandasanewtrendinliterature.ItroseandgrewundertheimpetusoftheIndustrialRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.TheRomanticPeriodisoneofpoeticalrevival.Itisaperiodofpoetry.Emotion,imaginationandintuitionofhumankindarewhattheromanticistsemphasiz

38、eintheirworks.Thegeneralfeatureoftheworksoftheromanticistsisthedissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissociety.Theypaymoreattentiontothespiritualandemotionallifeofman.Natureplaysanimportantroleintheirworks.WilliamWordsworth（湖畔詩(shī)人，消極浪漫主義詩(shī)人，早期浪漫主義詩(shī)人）簡(jiǎn)介：TherepresentativeofthepassiveRomanticpoets,whoexpressedthed

39、eepestaspirationsofEnglishRomanticism.Hehasinnovatedthetraditionalformofballad.HeandColeridgejointlypublishedtheLyricalBallads抒情歌謠集in1798.TheprefacetotheLyricalBallads:（詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作原則）Wordsworthbasedhisownpoeticalprincipleonthepremisethat“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling”.Heappealedtoi

40、ndividualsensationasthefoundationinthecreationandappreciationofpoetry.Poetry“takesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility”.詩(shī)歌要用普通人的語(yǔ)言寫普通生活中的普通事。代表作：“TotheCuckoo致杜鵑；“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud5我如行云獨(dú)自游；“SheDweltamongtheUntroddenWays”獨(dú)自幽居（LucyPoems中的一首）；“ITravelledamongUnknownMen”我曾在海外的異鄉(xiāng)漫游。寫作手法/特色：s

41、implicityandpurityofhislanguage;Histhemeis“backtonature”whichisoriginatedfromhisdissatisfactionwiththesocialrealityundercapitalism;Nearlyallofhisgoodpoetrywaswrittenduringthefirstdecadeofhisliterarycareer.SamuelTaylorColeridge簡(jiǎn)介：SamuelTaylorColeridgewasthefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool.代表作：“TheRimeo

42、ftheAncientMariner古舟子詠；“KublaKhan忽必烈汗；BiographiaLiteraria,orSketchesofMyLiteraryLifeandOpinions文學(xué)傳記或我的文學(xué)生涯和文學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。貢獻(xiàn)：HisBiographiaLiterariaaffordedthenewRomanticpoetryanewprincipleofcriticism,whosetaskwasnottojudgebuttoappreciateandinterpret.GeorgeGordonByron（晚期浪漫主義詩(shī)人，積極浪漫主義時(shí)期）簡(jiǎn)介：Byronisoneofthegreate

43、stromanticpoetsinEngland.Hecreatedthe“Byronichero”,whichhadagreatinfluenceintheliteraryfield.代表作：ChildeHaroldsPilgrimage恰爾德哈羅德游記；ThePrisonerofChilon錫隆的囚徒；DonJuan唐璜；“SheWalksinBeauty她走在美的光影中；“ElegyonThyrza賽沙挽歌（即：“AndThouArtDead”你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)逝）；“Elegy”挽歌。“AndThouArtDead”你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)逝：ItisanelegiacpoemwrittenbyByronwho

44、attemptstoexpresshisfeelingsoflossuponthedeathofanorientalgirlandalsoshowhisgreataffectiontothisyoungbeautifullady.Byronicheroes（拜倫式英雄）：ItreferstocharactersdescribedinByronsworkswhoaremenwithfierypassionsandunbendingwillandexpressthepoetsownidealoffreedom.缺點(diǎn):Theseheroesriseagainsttyrannyandinjustice

45、,buttheyaremerelylonefightersstrivingforpersonalfreedomandsomeindividualisticends.PercyByssheShelley簡(jiǎn)介：ShelleyandByronarejustifiablyregardedastwogreatpoetsofrevolutionaryromanticisminEngland.Helovedthepeopleandhatedtheiroppressorsandexploiters.Hecalledonthepeopletooverthrowtheruleoftyrannyandinjusti

46、ceandprophesiedahappyandfreefutureformankind.代表作：QueenMab麥布女王；TheRevoltofIslam伊斯蘭的起義；PrometheusUnbound解放了的普羅米修斯；TheMasqueofAnarchy假面的游行；Adonais阿多尼（給濟(jì)慈寫的挽歌）；ADefenceofPoetry詩(shī)辯（散文）；“OdetotheWestWind西風(fēng)頌；“OneWordisTooOftenProfaned有一個(gè)字常被人褻瀆；“ToaSky-Lark”致云雀。QueenMab麥布女王：Itisarevolutionarypoem.Itcontainsa

47、lmostallShelleysmajorsocialandpoliticalideas.缺：However,.ShelleyinthispoemwasmealyaUtopian-socialistinviews,lookingforwardtoahappyfutureformankindbutrejectingthepathofrevolutionbyviolence.JohnKeats簡(jiǎn)介：ArepresentativeofthesecondgenerationEnglishRomanticpoets.代表作：長(zhǎng)詩(shī)：Endymion恩底彌翁（紀(jì)念ThomasChatterton,女神與美麗

48、的牧羊人）；Isabella伊莎貝拉（根據(jù)薄卡丘的十日談所改，講伊莎貝拉將愛人的頭顱放在花盆里，每天守護(hù)他）；TheEveofSt.Agnes圣阿格尼斯前夜（與羅密歐朱麗葉的故事相似，圣阿格尼絲前夜，虔誠(chéng)的少女可以夢(mèng)見自己的丈夫）；Lamia拉米亞（有點(diǎn)類似白蛇傳，蛇女愛上凡人）。短詩(shī)：“OdetoaNightingale”夜鶯頌“OdeonaGrecianUrn”希臘古甕頌“ToAutumn”秋頌?！癘deonaGrecianUrn希臘古甕頌：（部分內(nèi)容賞析）Thoughthesculptureontheurnwerequietforms,thehumanbeautyandlovecaptu

49、redinthefiguresonitsfreezecanneverfadeordieastheydoinreallife.Thustheurnremainsforeveratestimonythat“beautyistruth,truthbeauty”,foritssilentlovelinesshastheprofoundstabilityoftheeternal.“ToAutumn秋頌：（部分內(nèi)容賞析）Althoughthelaststanzafallsonamixednoteofsubduedjoyandmildmelancholy,thewholepoemgivesusvividan

50、ddelightfulscenesoftheruralenvironmentintheautumnseason.Keatscelebratestheworldofnatureintheautumnseason,with“autumn”personifiedasafigureinvariousautumnallandscapes.Hedescribesthefruitfulnessofautumn,thesoundofautumnandthecolorofautumn.“OdetoaNightingale”夜鶯頌：（部分內(nèi)容賞析）Inthisode,Keatsnotonlyexpresseshi

51、srapturesuponhearingthebeautifulsongsofthenightingaleandhisdesiretogototheetherealworldofbeautytogetherwiththebird,burhealsoshowshisdeepsympathyforandhiskeenunderstandingohhumanmiseriesinthesocietyinwhichhelived.手法/特色：獨(dú)特之處：Hebelongstotheschoolofromanticism,butunlikeByronandShelley,hewasnotactiveinth

52、eexpressionofhisradicallypoliticalsympathies.Herestrictedhisapplicationoftheprincipleoflibertytothesphereofartonly.Theartisticaiminhispoetrywasalwaystocreateabeautifulworldofimaginationasopposedtothesordidrealityofhisday.Hewroteforbeauty,hisleadingprincipleis:“Beautyintruth,truthinbeauty.”作詩(shī)技巧：Heexp

53、ressesthedelightwhichcomesnotonlythroughtheeyeandtheearbutthroughthesensesoftouch,tasteandsmell.SoKeatshasalwaysbeenknownasasensuouspoet.對(duì)藝術(shù)執(zhí)著的原因：Atthebottomofhispoemslieshisdissatisfactionwiththesocietyinwhichhelivedandexperiencedgreatmiseriesandsufferings.英國(guó)浪漫主義時(shí)期的散文成就時(shí)代背景：Inthe19thcenturyperiodic

54、alsincreasedandmodernmagazinessprangup.Theywereinstrumentaltotherapiddevelopmentofessays,bothformalandinformal,whichbecameverypopular.主要的散文家：Underthisencouragementappearedanumberofbrilliantessayists,suchasLamb,Hazlitt,HuntandDeQuincy.時(shí)代大事件：Theseprose-writerworkedundertheinfluenceoftheFrenchRevolutio

55、ninpoliticsandoftheRomanticMovementinliterature.他們的風(fēng)格：Theydidnotwriteaccordingtotheoldrulesandmodelsofclassicismbutmadetheinformalessayapliablevehicleforexpressingthewritersownpersonality,thusbringingintoEnglishliteraturethefamiliaressay（小品文）.ThisnewformofliteratureisbestrepresentedbyLamb.CharlesLam

56、b簡(jiǎn)介：CharlesLambwasimportantinEnglishliteratureforhiscontributiontotheessays.代表作：HismostwellknownliteraryworkisTalesfromShakespeare莎士比亞戲劇故事集，whichhewrotewithhissister；EssaysofElia伊利亞隨筆集。散文特點(diǎn)：A.ThemoststrikingfeatureofLambsessaysishishumor.Laughterinhisessaysisoftenmingledwithtearsandthereissadnessbeh

57、indhishumor.B.Hisessaysarefulloflongandcuriouswords.C.Hewasaromanticist,buthisromanticismwastheromanticistofthecity.HisimaginationwasfiredwiththebusylifeofLondon.WilliamHazlitt簡(jiǎn)介：Hazlittsfirstfamecameasliterarycritic.代表作：LecturesontheEnglishPoets評(píng)英國(guó)詩(shī)人；TheEnglishComicWriters評(píng)英國(guó)戲劇作家（對(duì)復(fù)辟時(shí)期喜劇的評(píng)價(jià)）；TableT

58、alk桌邊閑談；SketchesandEssays札記與散文。浪漫主義文學(xué)批評(píng)的特點(diǎn)：HazlittisoneoftherepresentativesofRomanticcriticismwhotookindividualtasteasthefoundationofliterarycriticism：insteadofuniversalreason.WalterScott簡(jiǎn)介：WalterScottfatheredthehistoricalnovelinEnglandandEurope.Hischiefachievementwasthe20novelshewrote：whichhavegive

59、nhimauniqueplaceintheliteraryhistory.代表作：Waverley威弗利（蘇格蘭史）；RobRoy羅伯羅伊（蘇格蘭史）；Ivanhoe艾凡赫（英國(guó)史）。寫作特征：Scotthasanoutstandinggiftofvivifyingthepast.Inhisnovels：historicaleventsarecloselyinterwovenwiththefatesofindividuals.ScottsliterarycareermarksthetransitionfromromanticismtorealisminEnglishliteratureofth

60、e19thcentury.六、英國(guó)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期.CharlesDickens（賞析）iiProblemnovel:（問(wèn)題小說(shuō)）Problemnovel：“thetypeofprosefictionthatderivesitschiefinterestfromworkingout：throughcharactersandincidents：somecentralproblem”：isoftenconsideredasub-typeofrealismandnaturalism.Moreorlessitfocusesonsocialrealityoractualexperiencerathert