2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之挑戰(zhàn)壓軸題（閱讀理解）：選句補(bǔ)全短文（含答案）

1、2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之挑戰(zhàn)壓軸題（閱讀理解）：選句補(bǔ)全短文一.選句補(bǔ)全短文（共10小題）（2020成都）Close friends, think alike?nWhat!You too? I believed I was the only one. uHave you ever said something like this to someone? （1） It seems that similarity often helps form friendship. The Greek thinker Aristotle once said, nPeople regard friendship

2、 as a matter of similarity； they say that we love those who are like ourselves. （2） Scientists from University of California said friends have similar behaviors, Scientific American reported.The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test. Each student watched the same set of vi

3、deos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match. （3）According to their scansy friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos, especially parts that are connected with motivation （動(dòng)機(jī)），learning and memory. （4） S

4、eeing ones friends have similar behaviors will reinforce （強(qiáng)化）one*s own values, opinions , and interests , lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider. （5） Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone. Th

5、e scientists did a test with first - year college students the first time they met in class. In this test, students who sat in neighboring seats were more likely to become friends.Now, there is some science behind this idea.If so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person.Friends share

6、 a lot of similarities, though there are some differences.But brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship.However, people who werent friends had different reactions to the same videos.At the same time, scientists scanned their brains and recorded their brain activity.（2021 濟(jì)

7、南模擬）Some believe that people are either smart or dumb. And if they are smart, everything is easy for them. （1） But they can improve the skills they have and develop new ones. Whats your opinion?In fact, this is related to oners mindset （思維模式）.Dr. Carol Dweck, apsychology （心理學(xué)）professor at Stanford U

8、niversity, has discovered that people with a fixed mindset solve problems in a much different way from those with a growth mindset.Dr. Dweck found people with a fixed mindset care about grades. When they make mistakes, they think it means theyYe not smart. （2） Theyre afraid of challenges, because if

9、 they dont do well, they may look dumb. People with a growth mindset, on the otherhand care about learning, not grades. They learn from mistakes by trying different ways to solveproblems or asking for help.(3). They discovered that students with a growth mindset do better inmath； those with a fixed

10、mindset do worse. Why? Kids with both mindsets do well in primaryschool, but middle school math is much harder. So while the growth - mindset kids embrace (擁抱)the challenge and work harder, the fixed - mindset kids may just give up. (4) But Dwecks team discovered something even more important than t

11、hat. They found that, withsome work, kids can choose to have a growth mindset and do better in school. Everyone has someof each type of mindset. (5) When you hear your fixed mindset voicetelling you that youre dumb, or that youll look stupid if you ask for help or that learning a newskill is hard, t

12、alk back to it! Then you really can get smarter by working hard, practicing andchallenging yourself!Some people believe that everyone in the world is smart.As a result, their grades drop.They also care about how smart they look.Some hold the belief that not everyone can become a genius (天才).Dwecks t

13、eam found fixed - mindset kids cant do well in primary school.They are just like two kinds of voices in your head.Dweck and her team did a research among middle school students.3. (2018棗陽(yáng)市模擬)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選 項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).Nowadays, the food that you buy comes from many different countries

14、. Have a look in your fridge, cupboard, and fruit bowl and check the origins (來(lái)源) of the food. Perhaps there are apples from California, lamb from New Zealand, or potatoes from Egypt? ( 1) This journey, from field to plate*1, is called ”food miles,. (2) Nowadays, food often travels thousands of mile

15、s to get to the consumer (消費(fèi)者). Why is this, and what are the effects of these long distances?Traditionally, farmers sold their food in the local market, so the food didnt have to travel very far. The consumers also did not travel very far because they went to their local market to buy the food . Th

16、is was a good system for farmers and consumers. (3) For example, consumers could only buy food that farmers produced locally . In addition ， they could only get food that was in season . Now, because of modem technology, food comes from all over the world. (4) They are available in winter if we want

17、.(5) This is because they have difficult climates(氣候).The United Arab Emirates(UAE) for example gets 85% of its food from other countries. Even food made in the UAE often uses imported materials.However, there were some disadvantages.You will probably be surprised how far food travels to get to your

18、 plate.Some countries have to import (進(jìn) 口) most of their food.Whats wrong with food miles”？We do not have to wait for spring or summer to buy strawberries or tomatoes.A food mile is the distance that food travels from the farmers field to the person who buys the food.4. (2021 蘭州模擬)Earthquakes usuall

19、y come without warning. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself.Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival (幸存；存活)in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. ) 46) (47) You need to have so

20、mething strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The I kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.(48)Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall b

21、uildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea* try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby (49) For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area.Re

22、member to always hope fbr the best but prepare I for the worst.閱讀以上短文，從文后方框中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使文意通順、正確；根據(jù) 一文內(nèi)容回答第50小題.If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can.Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed.Wh

23、en the earthquake is over, there is still plenty on danger.What is the passage mainly about? The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens.The ways to stay away from tall buildings.The ways to stay calm.The ways to move outdoors to an open area.5. (2021 吉林三模)Dear daughter,You are a wonderf

24、ul person and your mother and I love you.It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world.Can I please give you some friendly advice? Here are some things that you should never do.You are great and able to achieve great things so believe in yourself.When things go badly, never

25、 stop believing.Some girls get upset and lose confidence(自信).And then all kinds of problems can follow.We think you look great.Please be happy with the person you are and the body you have.Eat well, take exercise and be healthy.Some girls become upset because they try to lose weight or get the perfe

26、ct shape.You look fine.Never spend money more than your income (收入)and save a little everymonth.Dont borrow others money if possible.We are very proud of what you have succeeded so far.You should be proud, too.Keep doing well.Keep trying your hardest at everything you do.No one can ask for more than

27、 that.Whatever happens in life, your family will still be your family .Whatever difficulties you have, you can always talk to us and we will try to help.We are here for you.(a)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從方框中選出相匹配的選項(xiàng)。A.Never Get Upset With Your Looks.B.Never Forget That Your Parents Love You.C.Never Look Down Upon Yourse

28、lf.D.Never Give Less Than Your Best.E.Never Spend Money More Than Your Income.(b)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，補(bǔ)全下面的語(yǔ)段，每空一詞。A father gives his friendly advice to his daughter.You are great and able to make your dreams (1)true.Be (2)with the person you are and the body you have.Never spend more money than your income and s

29、ave a (3) every month!Try your ( 4 ) at everything you do.Nomatter (5) happens in life, your family will still be your family.6. (2021 船營(yíng)區(qū)模擬)Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.

30、Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.(1) Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful (警 覺(jué)的) than other babies. Inte

31、restingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents.(2)Scientists at Harvard University found that more than 50 percent of the shy people had brothers and sisters. It might because they got less attention from their parents.When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They foundsurprisin

32、g differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel only one of three people said so. It might because Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure (失敗).In Japan , when people do not succeed , they blame (責(zé) 備) themselves, while Israelis often blame failure on outside r

33、easons, such as family* friends, or bad luck.For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class and find a job. You could lose things and the opportunities you would enjoy.But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations.

34、Preparing things to talk about before youre in a social situation is also a good way to reduce shyness.(a)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出每段的主旨大意。Ways to overcome your shyness.Some shyness is genetic (遺傳的).The disadvantages of being shy.Family size might cause people to be shy.The place where you were bom may make you

35、 shy. (b)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，補(bǔ)全下面的語(yǔ)段，每空一詞。ShynessShyness is very common among people. These days, scientists are becoming interested ( 1) shyness. They try to find out the reason why some people are shy.Many scientists believe that shyness is genetic because they find some babies are (2) to be shy. Moreover scie

36、ntists at Harvard University find that family (3)can cause a person to be shy, for (4)fifty percent shy people have brothers and sisters. When scientists study shyness in different places, it turns out that the place where a person is bom may make a person shy.Being shy has many disadvantages. You m

37、ay lose the things you like and opportunities. But dont worry. Scientists also suggest some ways to (5) shyness.(2021 長(zhǎng)沙模擬)In 2020, the 109 , 000 residential (住宅的) fires in China causedmore than 500 injuries and 900 deaths. You can prevent fire - related deaths and injuries,and even most residential

38、 fires by knowing about fire safety. (1) Fire safety escape planA fire safety escape plan tells everyone what to do if your home catches fire. Your family needs to design an escape plan for your home. (2) When you discuss with your family, it is a good idea to talk about each persons responsibilitie

39、s in case of a fire, such as who helps whom out of the house.Fire safety and kids(3) Children cause thousands of residential fires each year, most of which are caused by children playing with matches. You need to teach your children to obey the following fire safety rules： (4) Always have an adults

40、help when cooking.Always STOP, DROP, and ROLL, if you or your clothes catch fire.Fire safety and your homeElectrical fires are the most common type of residential fires in China. Electric heaters and clothes dryers are responsible for most of residential electrical fires. If a fire happens, shut off

41、 the electricity, put out small fires with your home fire extinguisher (滅 火器).Do not put water on electrical fires. (5) Call 119 and report the fire.Never play with matches or lightersFire safety education begins with childrenDo not try to deal with large fires by yourselfD.The escape plan needs to

42、be known by everyone in your familyE.Protect you and your family by making an escape plan and learning fire safety.(2021永定區(qū)模擬)閱讀短文，從A-E五個(gè)句子中選擇正確選項(xiàng)還原到文中，使短文 內(nèi)容完整正確.A couple of years ago, I went to Australia for a meeting with my friend, Chris. We decided to drive across country to Brisbane after the

43、meeting ended. The drive was going to take four days and most of it was across the desert, (96) . The first day was a lot of fun as we were excited and laughing at each others stupid jokes. By the third day of driving in the seemingly endless desert, we began to get bored. We had been quiet for a fe

44、w hours when in the distance Chris found some kangaroos. We were both excited and decided to get a closer look. (97) We got closer and closer, and Chris was doing 110 kilometers per hour. We were very close to the kangaroos - too close - when we heard a loud BANG!Chris stopped the car and we got out

45、. Behind the car was a larger kangaroo lying completely still on the ground. (98)He took off his sunglasses and put them on the kangaroo and did the same with his jacket. Then he put his arm around the kangaroo and told me to take a photo of them together. (99) While I was focusing the camera, I saw

46、 the kangaroo move. It suddenly woke up, looked at Chris, and jumped away into the distance before we could do anything.I started laughing but Chris looked very serious. (100) I started laughing even harder. I stopped laughingy however, when he said that our car keys were also in the jacket!I was st

47、ill surprised, but I took out my cameraHe said his wallet and passport were in the jacket.In order to get there in three days, we drove very fast.so we had to take food, water, and extra gas with us.Chris went over to the kangaroo and put his baseball cap on its head.(2020工業(yè)園區(qū)二模)Do you want to be ha

48、ppier? WelL you can do something about it. Some psychologists (心理學(xué)家)believe that 10% of your happiness is due to life conditions and 40% is the result of your own choices. Your own choices include how you manage your time at school, your relationships, your friends, your activities and your health.

49、So you have a lot of control over how happy you feel. (1) Here are some tips on how to do that.Surround yourself with positive (積極的)people. Spend time with positive people and your ideas will become active . On the other hand , good friends will encourage, support, and lift you up when youre down. (

50、2) That*s also true for the people that we work with.Dont try to be perfect . Remember that nothing can ever be perfect. (3) Instead think about what you already have. Think about what you*ve already done. Think of where you are today as a step towards tomorrow. Don*t try to be perfect, just try to

51、do things well - with excellence.Focus on now. Dont think about all the things that can go wrong, like failing at school or your friend leaving you. Thinking like this only results in worry and stress which is a waste of time and energy. (4) Just worry about making today great, because the best way

52、to be happy is just to enjoy each day.Compare yourself to yourself, not to other people. There will always be someone smarter, or richer, or better looking or more successful than you. There will always be someone with a bigger house and a bigger boat than you. Someone will always have more. Rather,

53、 look at what you have got and who you are, accept and value that . Work toward being a better one than you were last month or last year. (5) And you will feel a lot happier with, and about yourself.They see the best in you, and that helps you see the best in yourself.That way you will be pleased wi

54、th the progress that you are making.The key is to take control by making choices and developing habits that make you happier.You can control how happy you are, since giving always makes you feel happier.If you cant control tomorrow, don*t worry about tomorrow.If you aim for perfection all the time,

55、you will never be satisfied or happy.Your relationship with your parents doesnt have to be perfect before you can be happy 10.(2020西陵區(qū)模擬)A. many people had to change their plans for returning to WuhanB the pets were left at home by their ownersDu released (發(fā)布) a notice on the social media platform (

56、社交平臺(tái))he had to change his planstheir pets had enough food and waterDu Fan planned to go to Harbin during the Spring Festival holiday. He dreamed about going there to enjoy the beautiful winter scenery (風(fēng)景). However, (1) .On January 23 the city of Wuhan was locked down (被封鎖)to control the spread of t

57、he COVID - 19 (新冠肺炎). There was a serious problem - (2) .According to Du, many pet owners planned to return to Wuhan after the Spring Festival holiday. They just prepared a weeks food and water for their pets.On January 26,(3) The notice said that they would offer help topeople with their pets durin

58、g the pneumonia (肺炎)control.If we didn*t help, many animals would die, says Du. Weve received over 2, 000 messages asking for help. Because of the pneumonia, (4). ” Du adds that they helped different kinds of pets, like cats, dogs and fish.“We also sent some videos to the pet owners and they were ha

59、ppy to see their pets in them. They showed their thanks after learning that (5), “ Du says. Not just people are going through hard times. Animals are also in trouble. We are glad to offer some help. ”2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之挑戰(zhàn)壓軸題(閱讀理解)：選句補(bǔ)全短文(10題)參考答案與試題解析一.選句補(bǔ)全短文(共10小題)(2020成都)Close friends, think alike?What!Y

60、ou, too? I believed I was the only one. Have you ever said something like this to someone? (1) BIt seems that similarity often helps form friendship. The Greek thinker Aristotle once said, “People regard friendship as a matter of similarity； they say that we love those who are like ourselves. (2) A