商務(wù)英語綜合教程unit1市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、The Business of Language and the Language of BusinessUnit 1 第1頁The Business of EnglishThe development of EnglishThe difference between American English and British EnglishThe influence of English 第2頁Research and discussionJulius CaesarDuke of NormandyOld EnglishLatinFrenchMiddle EnglishA Table Alpha

2、beticallSamuel JohnsonWebsterOxford 第3頁The difference between BE and AEspellingpronunciationvocabularygrammar第4頁Spellingprogramme cataloguehonourtheatreoffenserecognisemarvellousreflexionprogramcataloghonortheateroffencerecognizemarvelousreflection第5頁aestheticscepticalchequemoustachepyjamaslikeablej

3、udgementestheticskepticalcheckmustachepajamaslikablejudgment第6頁P(yáng)ronounciation British EnglishAmerican EnglishaskskskdancednsdnsfastfstfstpathppcantkntkntBritish EnglishAmerican Englishboxbksbkscropkrpkrphoththtspotsptsptironicarnkarnk第7頁 British EnglishAmerican Englishcarka:kardoorddrpartyptprtiboar

4、dbdbrdmorningmnmrnBritish EnglishAmerican Englishdictionarydk()n()rdknrilaboratorylbr,t()rlbrtrinecessarily ness()rl,nssrlipreparatoryprprt()rprprtrisecretarysekrt()rskrtr第8頁British EnglishAmerican Englishfertileftalftlfragilefrdalfrdlhostilehstalhstlmissilemsalmsl第9頁British EnglishAmerican Englishc

5、lerkklkklrkeitherairfigurefgfjissuesjuuleisureleli:neithernani:scheduleedjulskdul第10頁GrammarTenseSubjunctive moodCollective nounsModal verbsPrepositions第11頁British EnglishAmerican EnglishIve just had lunch.I just had lunch.Have you washed your hands?Did you wash your hands?British EnglishAmerican En

6、glishShe suggested that he should quit smoking.She suggested that he quit smoking.The judge ordered that the money should be returned at once.The judge ordered that the money be returned at once.第12頁British EnglishAmerican EnglishThe team are excited. The team is excited.The government are announcin

7、g an important decision.The government is announcing an important decision.British EnglishAmerican EnglishShe dared not stay in the dark.She didnt dare to stay in the dark.You neednt go with them.You dont need to go with them.第13頁British EnglishAmerican Englishat the weekendon the weekendat homehome

8、The doctor felt of my pulse.The doctor felt my pulse.The play opens on Thursday.The play opens Thursday.Ill write to him.Ill write him.第14頁Formatting of dates and numbersBritish EnglishAmerican English20th March, March 20, One hundred and seventy fiveOne hundred seventy five第15頁As manyDetailed Readi

9、ngWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ias many: of the same numberThere wont be as many fireworks this year. More than one hundred American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions. not as many as we had last year or previous yearswith more or less 100 Chin

10、ese institutions第16頁be exposed to1. Make (something)visiblebyuncoveringite.g. Atlow tidethesandsare exposed.e.g. weneed toexposeourweaknessesinordertolearnfromthemandgrow as a result.2. Revealthetrue,objectionablenature of (someone or something)e.g. He has beenexposed asaliarand atraitor.第17頁3. If s

11、omeoneis exposed tosomething dangerous or unpleasant, they are put in a situation in which it might affect them.e.g. Mostpeoplein theworldarenon-smokersandhavea rightnottobeexposed toother peoplessmoke.4. If someoneis exposed toan idea or feeling, usually a new one, they are given experience of it,

12、or introduced to it.e.g. He wants his childrentobeexposedtoall sorts of people with different values and beliefs.第18頁proficientDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iproficient: a. to be proficient in stha proficient speakerAnt. clumsy, incompetent, unskilledn. proficiency proficiency in musicCan yo

13、u name some common proficiency tests in China?第19頁Truly the tongue spoken backDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT ITruly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the “l(fā)ow people” of England has come a long way.Paraphrase the sentence. Indeed, the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native

14、 people in England has developed for a long time.people of the lower class, those who were at the bottom of the society第20頁Text I_ BG_2.1Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundWhat do these languages have to do with English Romance, Germanic, Norse, Celtic?The English language derives from or is influence

15、d by them. Romance:e.g. French, Italian, Spanish, PortugueseGermanic:e.g. German, SwedishNorse:language spoken by Scandinavian inhabitantsCeltic:mainly spoken in Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and the Isle of ManTEXT I第21頁But its elasticity makes it messierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT I

16、But its elasticity makes it messier, as well as stronger.What represents the elasticity of English?e.g. It absorbs words from other languages and accepts created ones, thus a much larger vocabulary than many languages. In its history, it accepts, both in spoken and written form, influences from othe

17、r languages, religion, law and science. flexibility, adaptability第22頁But its elasticity makes it messier 2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IHow does the elasticity of English make it messier and stronger?messier: There are many varieties of English,differences among them in pronunciation, vocab

18、ulary, grammar and so on, which can be very confusing sometimes.Stronger: English can be used in many fields and so itbecomes a lingual franca, and enjoys a dominant status.第23頁When it comes toDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IWhen it comes to saving the planet do celebrities practice what they

19、 preach?When it comes to renting or buying, youll spend about the same amount.When it comes to as regardsn.b. “to” is not followed by an infinitive, but a noun or noun phrase.第24頁barrierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ibarrier: n. ( to)obstaclelanguage barrier, trade barrierto remove barriers

20、to successset barriers to communicationSyn. obstaclehindrance第25頁A host ofDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ia host ofa great number ofa host of billsa host of new devicesOther similar phrases: a crowd of, a throng of, a swarm of(ants, bees, locusts), a flock of (sheep, birds), 第26頁Angst-freeDet

21、ailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IAngst-free: a.without anger or worryWord Formation -free: not containing a specified substance (often used in combination)tax-free, a sugar-free soft drinklaisser-faire attitude:laisser-faire often refers to the principles of free trade, allowing for freedom to a

22、great degree. Here it means hardly any restriction in the use and development of English.第27頁To see a committee se up to regulate the languageDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ito see a committee set up to regulate the languageto see done: to make sureYou will see the work done properly.He is al

23、ways the last to go to bed to see all the doors locked.第28頁To have little to do withDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ito have little to do with:Other similar phrases: to have everything to do withto have something to do withto have much to do withto have nothing to do with第29頁Thus 2Detailed Rea

24、dingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT ITranslate the following sentences.1. If you throw the ball thus, as Im showing you, youll have better luck hitting the target. 假如你像我這么扔球，命中機(jī)會(huì)更大些。2. I have all the tools I need. Thus I should be able to fix the bike myself. 我有全部必要工具所以應(yīng)該自己把自行車修好。3. Register your phone right

25、after purchase thus enabling us to provide you even better service in case of questions or in case of a warranty claim. 購置后請馬上登記你電話，以使我們在你萬一提出保修 要求時(shí)能提供更加好服務(wù)。tr.tr.tr.第30頁All-engulfingDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iall-engulfing:all-knowing:knowing everythingall-important: of greatest importa

26、nceall-powerful:having unlimited powerengulf： If one thingengulfsanother, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.e.g. A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslide engulfed an apartment block.第31頁Though the language that now sweeps theDetailed ReadingWarm-upBa

27、ckgroundTEXT IParaphrase the sentence. though the language that now sweeps the world is called English, the culture carried with it is American.Different from the history of English when English was spread through the power of the British Empire, now it is spread through the culture of a different p

28、owerful country the USA.Americanization is equivalent to globalization to a large extent.第32頁aspireDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iaspire: v. (to)desire, hopeHuman beings have the power to accomplish whatever they intensely aspire to accomplish, provided they adhere to the method advocated.n.

29、 aspiration What is the life-long aspiration of the football player?a. aspiring ambitiousToday, e-learning is turning out to be a great business proposition for the aspiring entrepreneurs.第33頁As the 20th century drew onDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IAs the 20th century drew on, however, and

30、English continued to encroach, French was driven on to the defensive.Paraphrase the sentence. As the 20th century was approaching, and English kept on expanding beyond limits, French was put in a cornered position, having to fight for protection.to advance beyond proper, established, or usual limits

31、第34頁Go into effectDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Igo into effectto become effectiveThe new tax laws wont go into effect until next year.Other uses of effect:To bring/put/carry a plan into effect 使一個(gè)計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施She disapproved of the proposal and wrote to that effect. 她不贊成此提議，并以書面形式表示此意。His silence

32、was in effect a confirmation of the rumor. 他緘默實(shí)際上是證實(shí)了謠言。The prescribed medicine failed to take effect. 醫(yī)生開藥沒能起作用。第35頁aspireDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ioblige: v. (to)The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to abandon the car and continue on foot.n. obligation When teachers a

33、ssign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it. The United States will do that which is necessary to meet its obligations to its own citizens.If youare obligedtodo something, a situation, rule, or law makes it necessary for you to do that thing.第36頁In india some people see english as a

34、nDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IIn India some people see English as an oppressive legacy of colonialism that should be exterminated.Paraphrase the sentence. India was once regarded as the Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire. People in India would think the English language reminds them

35、of the period of colonialism, which should be wiped out.第37頁But for many peoples the triumph ofDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IBut for many peoples the triumph of English is the defeat, if not outright destruction, of their own language.Paraphrase the sentence. But for many peoples the succes

36、s or the wide spread of English means the defeat, if not a complete extinction, of their own language.第38頁Text I_ BG_2.1Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundWhat is homogenisation?Homogenization, a word used in many fields, means making everything the same. This text uses the term to refer to homogeniza

37、tion of language, to show that English has become the dominant language of the world while at the same time many other languages face extinction.TEXT Ihomo- : being the same or likehomonym homophonehomographhomogenoushomogenizehomosexual同音同形異義詞同音詞同形異義詞同質(zhì)，同類使類同同性戀，同性戀者第39頁multilingualismDetailed Read

38、ingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Imultilingualism: n.using or able to speak several or many languages with some facilitya. multilinguala multilingual dictionarya multilingual personWord Formation (prefix) many, much relating to languagemulti lingualmultinational, multi-colored, multimediamultiply: v. 第40頁Ba

39、ckgroundListeningDetailed ReadingText II_ BG_4.2What are these rhetorical devices: humor, metaphors, analogies, and literary allusions?humor:TEXT IIbeing funny, the speech or writing with ingenuity, verbal skill, or incongruity that may evoke laughtermetaphor:a figure of speech in which a word or ph

40、rase is applied to an object or action that it does not literally denote in order to imply a resemblanceanalogy:a comparison between two situations, processes etc that is intended to show that the two are similarHe uses the analogy of the family to explain the role of the state.An analogy attributed

41、 to Samuel Johnson is: “Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.”第41頁BackgroundListeningDetailed ReadingText II_ BG_4.2TEXT IIliterary allusion:a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, l

42、iterary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.In the stock market, he met his Waterloo.Martin Luther King, Jr., alluded to the Gettysburg Address in starting his I Have a Dream speech by saying Five score years ago.; his hearers were immediately reminded of Abraham Lincolns F

43、our score and seven years ago, which opened the Gettysburg Address. Kings allusion effectively called up parallels in two historic moments.第42頁multilingualismDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Icircumlocution: n.an indirect way of speaking, roundabout, ambiguousWord Formation (prefix) round about

44、, aroundcircum locutiona particular form of expression; a word, phrase, expression, or idiom, especially as used by a particular person, group, etc.第43頁multilingualismDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IOther words starting with circum-circum+vent: to go around or bypasscomecircum+spect: cautious

45、lookcircum+scribe: draw a line aroundwrite第44頁BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingText III_ Bg_ 3_popThe story of the tower of Babel is found in Genesis 11:1-9: “And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may r

46、each onto heavenAnd the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and have all one language; and this they begin to do; and nothing will be restrained from themlet us go down and there confound their language that they may not understand one anothers speechTherefore is the name of it called Babel”.What

47、do you know about the story of the Babel?TEXT III第45頁第46頁BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingText III_ Bg_ 3_popHere the tower is a symbol of mans aspiring arrogance, rebuked by God. Babel in modern English simply means a noisy confusion.What does the tower of Babel refer to?TEXT III第47頁manage

48、BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIImanage: v.(used with object)1) to bring about or succeed in accomplishing, sometimes despite difficulty or hardshipTranslate the following sentences.tr.工作和家庭都需要付出很多，她怎么都能做得這么好？Work and Family are big commitments. How does she manage it all?tr.盡管兩人沒有見

49、過面，不過他們還是從人群中找出了對方。Although they have never met, they managed to identify each other among the crowds.第48頁Manage 2BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT III2) to take charge or care ofTranslate the following sentence.tr.他決定自己來掌管投資事物。He decided to manage his investments by himself.tr.3) to ha

50、ndle, direct, govern, or control in action or useTranslate the following sentence.tr.對于經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足水手來說，在大風(fēng)中控制好船帆是很困難事。For less experienced sailors it is difficult to manage the sail in strong winds.第49頁Manage 3BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT III(used without object)4) to continue to function

51、, progress, or succeed, usually despite hardship or difficulty; get alongTranslate the following sentences.tr.這是艱辛年代，不過我們挺過來了。It was a rough time, but we managed.tr.他太太要出差了，他既要接送小孩還要買菜做飯。他怎么辦啊？His wife will be away on business, so he has to send and pick up the kids and do the shopping. How will he

52、manage?第50頁perceptivelyBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIIperceptively: adv.keenly, sensitivelyOther forms of the word:對問題深入透徹分析a perceptive analysis of the problems involvedperceptive: a. having or showing keenness of insight, understandina. g, or intuition覺察到危險(xiǎn)臨近perceive the approac

53、h of threatperceive: v. to be aware of, know在能預(yù)見到未來in the perceivable futureperceivable: a. can be perceived, can be seen第51頁Filter outBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIIfilter out: to remove or separate sth by the action of a filterThe software magnate has almost an entire department

54、 working to filter out unwanted mails.filter out the dirt過濾出臟東西 filter out impurities 濾除雜質(zhì) 第52頁Londons rich linguistic medleyBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIILondons rich linguistic medley passes through, and is connected by, English but since the English dont speak different langua

55、ges, cosmopolitanism is in London but not really of it.Can you paraphrase the sentence?In London there is a large variety of languages used, together with English, and is connected by this common language. But the English people can speak only one language, so London is not a real international city

56、 although it appears or sounds so.第53頁Now above all what once soundedBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIINow, above all, what once sounded like a joyous babel can take on a more sinister ring.Can you paraphrase the sentence?The sentence refers to the previous sentence that regards Engl

57、ish as “a two-edged sword”. Being the native speaker of the world language, English, used to be bliss. Now it has become a curse when they do not understand any other languages.第54頁Laisser-faire attitudeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Idebilitate: v. If youare debilitatedbysomething such as an

58、 illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker.Stewart took over yesterday when Russell was debilitated by a stomach virus.2. Todebilitatean organization, society, or government means to gradually make it weaker.Their made efforts to debilitate the political will of the Western all

59、iance.debilitating adj. 第55頁Susceptible toBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIIsusceptible to:easily influenced and affectedTranslate the following sentences.tr.Some people are more susceptible to symptoms of anxiety, and stress induced illnesses.有些人更輕易出現(xiàn)焦慮癥狀，或者其它因?yàn)閴毫Χl(fā)疾病。tr.年輕人更輕易受到毒品

60、誘惑。The young are susceptible to the allure of drugs.第56頁Falling off a cliffBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIIfalling off a cliff:a sharp decrease, a sudden drop to the bottomTranslate the following sentences.tr.上個(gè)月美國經(jīng)濟(jì)如同上演了一場驚悚秀，經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)急轉(zhuǎn)直下。The last month has been a horror show for the