英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)試題包括5

1、2019年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題及答案(5)SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuest

2、ions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime：ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychan

3、gestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeoples.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle-comparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesfo

4、rhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whe

5、therthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecantfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letsendthisnonsenseofgr

6、ades,exams,marks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledg

7、etobelearntatschoolandusedfortherestofoneslifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessential,somethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?Dontworry!Ifitisessential,theywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisth

8、ebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?AByimitatingwhatotherpeopledo.BBymakingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.CBylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.DByaskingagreatmanyquestions.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandleamingtofideabicycleare_.AnotreallyimportantskillsBmoreimportantthanotherskillsCbas

9、icallydifferentfromlearningadultskillsDbasicallythesameaslearningotherskillsAccordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksteachersinschoolshould_.AallowchildrentolearnbyhimselforherselfBpointoutchildrensmistakeswhenevertheyrefoundCcorrectchildrensmistakesassoonaspossibleDgivechildrenmorebookknowledgeTheautho

10、rbelievestheteachersroleinchildrenslearningshouldbe_.AtheidentifierandcorrectoroftheirerrorsBtheirhelperandguideCthepersontogradetheirperformanceandgivefeedbacksDthepersontopassonsomethingessentialtothemThetitleofthispassagecouldprobablybe_.ALetTeachersStopWorkBLetUsMakeChildrenLearnCLetChildrenCorr

11、ectTheirOwnPapersDLetChildrenLearnbyThemselvesPassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Researchersinthefieldofpsychologyhavefoundthatoneofthebestwaystomakeanimportantdecision,suchaschoosingauniversitytoattendorabusinesstoinvestin,involvestheutilizationofadecisionworksheet.Psychologists

12、whostudyoptimization(化)comparetheactualdecisionsmadebypeopletotheoreticalidealdecisionstoseehowsimilartheyare.Proponents(支持者)oftheworksheetprocedurebelievethatitwillyieldoptimal,thatis,thebestdecisions.Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetscantake,theyareallsimilarintheiress

13、entialaspects.Worksheetsrequiredefiningtheprobleminaclearandconcisewayandthenlistingallpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Next,thepertinent(有關(guān)的)considerationsthatwillbeaffectedbyeachdecisionarelisted,andtherelativeimportanceofeachconsiderationorconsequenceisdetermined.Eachconsiderationisassignedanumerica

14、lvaluetoreflectitsrelativeimportance.Adecisionismathematicallycalculatedbyaddingthesevaluestogether.Thealternativewiththehighestnumberofpointsemergesasthebestdecision.Sincemostimportantproblemsaremultifaceted(多層面的),thereareseveralalternativestochoosefrom,eachwithuniqueadvantagesanddisadvantages.Oneo

15、fthebenefitsofapencilandpaperdecision-makingprocedureisthatitpermitspeopletodealwithmorevariablesthantheirmindscangenerallycomprehendandremember.Ontheaverage,peoplecankeepaboutsevenideasintheirmindsatonce.Aworksheetcanbeespeciallyusefulwhenthedecisioninvolvesalargenumberofvariableswithcomplexrelatio

16、nships.ArealisticexampleformycollegestudentsisthequestionWhatwillIdoaftergraduation?Agraduatemightseekapositionthatoffersspecializedtraining,pursueanadvanceddegree,ortravelabroadforayear.Adecision-makingworksheetbeginswithsuccinct(簡(jiǎn)短的)statementoftheproblemthatwillalsohelptonarrowit.Itisimportanttobe

17、clearaboutthedistinctionbetweenlong-rangeandimmediategoalsbecauselong-rangegoalsofteninvolveadifferentdecisionthanshort-rangeones.Focusingonlong-rangegoals,agraduatingstudentmightrevisethequestionabovetoWhatwillIdoaftergraduationthatwillleadtoasuccessfulcareer?Ofthefollowingstepsistheonethatoccursbe

18、foretheothersinmakingadecisionworksheet.AlistingtheconsequencesofeachsolutionBcalculatinganumericalsummaryofeachsolutionCwritingdownallpossiblesolutionsDdecidingwhichconsequencesaremostimportantAccordingtodecision-worksheettheory,anoptimaldecisionisdefinedasonethat_.AhasthefewestvariablestoconsiderB

19、usesthemostdecisionworksheetsChasthemostpointsassignedtoitDisagreedtobythegreatestnumberofpeopleTheauthordevelopsthediscussioninparagraph1bymeansof_.AdescribingaprocessBclassifyingdifferenttypesCprovidinghistoricalbackgroundDexplainingatheoryTheauthorsattitudetowardsapencilandpaperdecision-makingpro

20、cedureis_.AneuralBapprovingCambiguousDbiasedThepassagemainlydiscusses_.AatooltoassistinmakingcomplexdecisionsBacomparisonofactualdecisionsandidealdecisionsCresearchonhowpeoplemakedecisionsDdifferencesbetweenmakinglong-rangeandshort-rangedecisions【參照譯文】讓孩子學(xué)著評(píng)論自己的工作。一個(gè)學(xué)說(shuō)話的孩子不可以靠他人總給他糾正錯(cuò)誤來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)：假如被糾正過(guò)多，他就

21、會(huì)停止說(shuō)話。56一天到晚，他都在注意自己講的話跟四周人講的有什么不一樣。這樣慢慢地他就自可是然地作出改變，說(shuō)話跟其余人相同了。5657相同，孩子學(xué)其余東西時(shí)，他們也是不用教就能學(xué)會(huì)：走、跑、爬、吹口哨、騎車(chē)他們會(huì)察看那些技術(shù)更嫻熟的人們是如何做的，對(duì)照以后就會(huì)作出必需的改變?？墒窃趯W(xué)校里，我們從不給孩子們時(shí)機(jī)讓他們自己找犯錯(cuò)誤，更不用說(shuō)自己更正了。我們老是替他們所有做好。58我們老是表現(xiàn)得仿佛我們感覺(jué)他們永久不會(huì)自己發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤：非堡我們指出來(lái)讓他們更正不行。很快孩子就變得依靠老師了。松手讓他自己做吧。讓他自己解決問(wèn)題吧，假如他想的話，可以請(qǐng)其余孩子幫忙：這個(gè)單詞是什么意思，這個(gè)問(wèn)題該如何回答，這

22、樣說(shuō)或許這樣做能否適合。假如問(wèn)題有正確答案，比方可能是數(shù)學(xué)或許科學(xué)識(shí)題，那么把答案給孩子。讓他批閱自己的試卷。我們老師為什么要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做這樣無(wú)聊的事情呢?59我們的工作理應(yīng)是在孩子找不到問(wèn)題的正確答案時(shí)賜予輔助。讓我們結(jié)束毫無(wú)心義的評(píng)級(jí)、考試和分?jǐn)?shù)吧。讓我們把這些全都拋開(kāi)，讓孩子學(xué)到所有受教育者終有一天都要學(xué)到的東西，學(xué)著如何思忖自己的理解，如何認(rèn)識(shí)已知的和未知的知識(shí)。讓他們用最適合自己的方式獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)：假如他們需要，可以追求老師的輔助。在我們此刻這樣一個(gè)復(fù)雜而又迅速發(fā)展的社會(huì)，“學(xué)校里有好多知識(shí)要學(xué)，學(xué)到以后就能一世受用”的看法就是胡謅。內(nèi)心不安的家長(zhǎng)和老師說(shuō)：“可是假如孩子學(xué)不到必需的東西，

23、學(xué)不到未來(lái)進(jìn)入社會(huì)一定要有的東西，那該怎么辦?”不要擔(dān)憂!假如那些東西很必需，那么此后進(jìn)入社會(huì)他們就會(huì)學(xué)到的?！敬鸢阜治觥?6A定位：依據(jù)干信息thebestwayforchildrentolearnthings定位到第一段前半部分?？蓪⒋鸢阜治觯旱谝欢问拙涮岢隽宋恼碌狞c(diǎn)：“Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork(孩子學(xué)著價(jià)自己的工作。)”接著例：“一個(gè)學(xué)的孩子一天到晚都在注意自己的跟周人的有什么不一樣。慢慢地，他就自不然地作出改，跟其余人一了。同，孩子學(xué)的西他會(huì)察那些技更熟的人是怎做的，比以后就會(huì)作出必需的改?！笨勺髡?，兒童的學(xué)方法就是模擬人怎么做。故A。57

24、D定位：依據(jù)干信息learningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycle可將答案定位到第一段中部分。分析：learningtospeak和learningtorideabicycle出在第一段。作者在明自己點(diǎn)的候，將學(xué)與學(xué)其余技術(shù)(比方走、跑、爬、吹口哨、等)行了比，并且孩子學(xué)和學(xué)其余技術(shù)的基本方式是一的，都是通模擬而后行自我整。故D。58A定位：依據(jù)干信息teachersinschoolshould可將答案定位到第一段后半部分。分析：第一段后半部分作者建：“我是表得仿佛我得他永不會(huì)自己，非得我指出來(lái)他更正不行。很快孩子就得依老了。松手他靠自己吧。他自己解決吧，假如他

25、想的，能其余孩子幫忙”作者直言不，孩子自己自己的，假如需要的，也能其余孩子來(lái)助。指出學(xué)生的和，不可以也不需要老包。故A。59B定位：依據(jù)題干信息theteachersroleinchildrenslearning可將答案定位到第二段第四句。分析：該句提到：“我們的工作理應(yīng)是在孩子找不到問(wèn)題的正確答案時(shí)賜予輔助?！钡谌蔚谝痪湟蔡岬剑骸白屗麄冇米钸m合自己的方式獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)，假如他們需要，可以追求老師的輔助?！笨梢?jiàn)，老師的作用主假如在學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中對(duì)他們推行輔助和指導(dǎo)。60D定位：依據(jù)題干信息titleofthispassage可知解答此題需通觀全文。分析：文章第一句即提到：“讓孩子學(xué)著評(píng)論自己的工

26、作?！苯又恼露辑h(huán)繞“讓孩子自己學(xué)習(xí)”這個(gè)主題睜開(kāi)，提到老師們老是等不及孩子們自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，就指出他們的錯(cuò)誤并輔助他們更正，其實(shí)孩子會(huì)察看他人如何做，推行模擬，而后作出改變來(lái)使自己的行為、認(rèn)知與他人更靠近。應(yīng)選D?！緟⒄兆g文】心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，作出重要決定(比方，該選擇哪一所大學(xué)，該投資哪筆買(mǎi)賣(mài))的一個(gè)方法就是使用決議工作表單。研究“化”的心理學(xué)家比較人們實(shí)質(zhì)做的決定和理論上理想的決定，想看看二者之間的相像之處。支持使用工作表單的人以為，這類(lèi)方式可以產(chǎn)生“化”成效，即決定。即便工作表單有數(shù)種不一樣的詳細(xì)形式，可是基本內(nèi)容倒是相同的。61工作表單需要人們將問(wèn)題以清楚簡(jiǎn)短的方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)

27、而后列出所有可能解決問(wèn)題的方案。接下來(lái)，列出每個(gè)解決方案會(huì)帶來(lái)如何的有關(guān)考慮，并且需要確立每項(xiàng)考慮或結(jié)果孰輕孰重。需要用數(shù)值來(lái)標(biāo)志每項(xiàng)考慮，來(lái)反應(yīng)其相對(duì)的重要性。經(jīng)過(guò)將這些數(shù)值加在一同，使用數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算的方法就可以作出一個(gè)決定。此中，綜合分?jǐn)?shù)的解決方案即為選擇。由于一些最重要的問(wèn)題常常都包括多個(gè)層面，因此會(huì)有多種備選方案，而每一種方案都各有益弊。用紙筆作決定的利處就是。對(duì)比一般狀況下大腦可以理解和記憶的信息，紙筆錄錄可以令人能辦理更多的變量。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，人們同時(shí)可以記著七個(gè)看法。當(dāng)一個(gè)方案波及好多變量及其復(fù)雜關(guān)系時(shí)，工作表單就顯得特別實(shí)用了。舉個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的例子，我教的大學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)問(wèn)“畢業(yè)后我要做什么工作呢?”大學(xué)畢業(yè)生或許會(huì)找一個(gè)供給專(zhuān)業(yè)培訓(xùn)的工作崗位，也可能想持續(xù)進(jìn)修拿更高的學(xué)位或許出國(guó)旅游一年。一個(gè)決議工作表單從簡(jiǎn)短描繪一個(gè)問(wèn)題開(kāi)始，而這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短描繪也會(huì)有助于減小解決方案的范圍。分清楚長(zhǎng)久目標(biāo)和短期目標(biāo)很重要，由于與短期目標(biāo)對(duì)比，長(zhǎng)久目標(biāo)的決定過(guò)程往常與之完整不一樣。假如專(zhuān)注于長(zhǎng)久目標(biāo)，針