呼吸系統(tǒng)-組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)

1、 Respiratory systemRespiratory systemNasal cavity, pharynx & larynx. Trachea & bronchi.Lung.一、tracheamucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea (HE)Mixed glandEM: epithelium of trachea4. Small granule C1.Ciliated C2.Brush C3.Goblet C5.Basal CThe wall of trachea1. Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propria pseudostratia

2、ted ciliated columnar Ciliated C, goblet C, brush C, basal C, small granular C.2. Submucosa=CT+ mixed glands3. Adventitia=16-20 C shaped hayline cartilage rings. atmosphere & alveoli alveoli & blood (blood & tissue)Gas exchangebronchiolelunglung二、lungLung Low powerlungparenchyma: bronchial trees & a

3、lveoli .Principal bronchi(Br)lobular、segmental Brsmaller Brbronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolealveolar duct、alveolar sacalveoli.Conduction portion : above terminal bronchioles. Respiratory portion :respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.Pulmonary lobule: bronchiole and its ramifications.C

4、onduction portionlobular Br & small BrEpitheliumGoblet CGlandsCartilage plateSMCConduction portionbronchiole & terminal brochioleSimple ciliated columnar.Goblet C （）Gland （）Cartilage plate （）SMCRules of structural variance in conducting portionSmall BrbronchioleTerminal bronchioleEpi Pseudostratifie

5、dCiliated columnar Simple ciliated columnarSimple columnar* claracellGoblet C + +/-Mixed gland+ +/-Cartilage plate+ +/-SMC+ + + + Respiratory portionRespiratory bronchioleThe wall is interruptedSimple cuboidal Epi, clara CSMCRespiratory portionAlveolar duct & alveolar sacThe wall, many alveoliSMC*Si

6、mple cuboidal, squamousAlveolar ductAlveolar sacNo SMC*Respiratory portionalveolus肺泡管Simple alveolar Epi.(1) Respiratory portion#constituents：respiratory bronchiole，alveolar duct，alveolar sac，alveolus。1.Respiratory bronchioleThe wall, few alveoli open into.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.(2) Respiratory por

7、tion2.Alveolar duct & alveolar sacThe wall, many alveoli open into.Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs is sphincter-like SMC.(3) Respiratory portion3. alveolus: type I alveolar C type II alveolar C alveolar septum.Type II alveolar CmacrophageElastic fibertype I alveolar CType II alveolar COsmio

8、philic Multilamellar bodiesblood-air barrierAlveoliType I cellsquamous, covered most surface of the alveoli .Type II cellLM: round or cuboidal, cell body protrude into the lumen.EM: osmiophilic multilamellar body, with abundant phospholipids.Functions: secret surfactant, reduce surface tension, stab

9、ilize alveoli.Alveolar septum: continuous Cap., elastic fiber. macrophage dust C.blood-air barrier includes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli2.type I alveolar C3.BM of alveolar C4.delicate layer of CT5.continuous Cap. BM6.continuous Cap. Endothelium.TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolar

10、ductAlveolar sac1234Rules of structural variance in respiratory portionwallEpi.SMCRespiratory bronchioleNot integratedAlveoli open Simple columanSimple cuboidalthinAlveolar ductMany alveoli open into Simple cuboidalA fewAlveolar sac of alveoli Alveolar Epi.noalveolusIrregular vesicularAlveolar Epi.n

11、oAlveolar epithelial cellshapecytoplasmfunctionsType IsquamousPhagocytotic vesicleCovered 95% of the surface of alveoli to benefit gas exchange.Type IIroundcuboidalOsmiophilic multilamellar bodySecret surfactant to reduce surface tension and stabilize the alveoli.Type I cell can not regenerate.Type II cell can differentiate into Type