高分子反應(yīng)原理_第1頁
高分子反應(yīng)原理_第2頁
高分子反應(yīng)原理_第3頁
高分子反應(yīng)原理_第4頁
高分子反應(yīng)原理_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩51頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、高分子反應(yīng)原理第1頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四2. Control of molecular weight distribution It is important to the polymer properties : Solution property; Mechanical properties. For examples, PTHF in the preparation of elastic polyurethane, polymer processing, viscosity Phase separation in the blends第2頁,共56頁,

2、2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四3. Control of polymer structure1) General free radical polymerization: Only synthesis of linear homopolymers or copolymers, such as 普通自由基聚合只能合成共聚物和均聚物!第3頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四2) Condensation polymerization第4頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Complicated structure polymers can

3、be designed and prepared. For example:第5頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Introduction of Polymer Structure Linear polymers and linear block copolymers Monomer 1, Monomer 2, Monomer 3 Nonlinear copolymers Grafting polymer Comb polymer第6頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Star block copolymer Miktoarm star polym

4、er Grafting polymer Comb polymer第7頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 General radical polymerization can not prepare block copolymers and other nonlinear polymers, the reason is: Characteristics of free radical polymerization. Dead macromolecule is formed in short time.第8頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Well

5、-defined block copolymers can not be synthesized by condensation polymerization第9頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Any application of block copolymers and nonlinear polymersSBS is a thermoplastic elastomer. 2. Control of drug release: For example: synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers.第10頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20

6、日,19點33分,星期四 Synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers 兩親性; 高反應(yīng)性第11頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四囊泡的形成過程第12頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四伴刀豆蛋白與對硝基苯酚酯的反應(yīng)CON-A第13頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四伴刀豆蛋白(CON A)胰島素葡萄糖第14頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四葡萄糖和胰島素交換反應(yīng)原理圖葡萄糖胰島素糖糖第15頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Why do we deve

7、lop the living polymerizationControl of molecular weightPrepare polymers with narrow molecular weight distributionPreparation of complicated architecture polymers, such as block copolymers, nonlinear polymers, including star, star block, hyperbranched, dendrimer-like copolymers etc.第16頁,共56頁,2022年,5

8、月20日,19點33分,星期四1-2. Concept of Living Polymerization No termination No chain transfer reactionInitiation rate is faster than propagation rateWhat is living polymerization?第17頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Living polymerization of styreneConversion up to100% No termination; No transfer reactions第18頁,共

9、56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 No termination The polymerization can continue when monomers are added. 第19頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 The big effect of chain transfer on molecular weight and polydispersity, One example : Chain transfer reactions in polymerization of vinyl chloride No chain transfer re

10、action第20頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Kinetics in the presence of chain transfer reactionWhen only chain transfer to the monomer exists in the polymerization, such as, AIBN used as initiator in bulk polymerization, the DP can be calculated :1/Xn= 2kt/kp2 Rp/M2 + CM Due to the rate of chain transfer

11、 to vinyl chloride is much bigger than termination rate, Rtr,MRt, thus1/Xn =Rp/(Rt + Rtr,M) Rp/ Rtr,M=kp/ktr,M=1/CMMolecular weight is determined by CM, polymerization at 50oC, CM =1.35 x 10-3, Xn=740, which is similar to the measured MW. MW is determined by concentration of transfer agent, Temp; 第2

12、1頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Initiation rate is faster than propagation rate C4H9Li + CH2=CH-Y C4H9CH2-CH: -Li+Y= CH2=C(CH3)-, Ph, CH2=CH-, etcGenerally, alkyl lithium can initiate anionic polymerization of styrene, 1,3-butadiene etc in alkane immediately.第22頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 High puri

13、ty monomer High vacuum Dry reaction system Need stringent conditions第23頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Summary for requirements of living polymerizationNo terminationNo chain transfer reactions.Initiation rate is faster than propagation rateHomogeneous system Stringent conditions第24頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,

14、19點33分,星期四1-3 Identification of Living PolymerizationRp=kpappM-MdM/M=kpappM-dtlnM0/Mt = kpappM- t1. First-order kinetics第25頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 2. Molecular weight can be controlled Number-average molecular weight is proportional to conversion, thus degree of polymerization can be calculate

15、d. DP=(M0 Mt)/M-第26頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四3. Narrow molecular weight distribution PDI = Mw/Mn = 1 + 1/DP PDI is mainly due to different initiation time.第27頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四4. The produced polymer is living Chain extending polymerization Higher molecular weight polymerBlock copolyme

16、rization Block copolymerFunctionalization reaction Telechelic polymer, Macromonomer.Coupling reaction star polymer第28頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四5. Conductivity measurement If free anionic or cationic ions exist in polymerization system, the solution is conductive. Conductivity is measured, confirm

17、ing the existence of free ions. If no conductivity, we can not say “no anionic polymerization” 第29頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四1-4 Active species1. The forms of active ionic species第30頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四2. The factors of influencing active site formsSolvent The polymerization is much faste

18、r in the more polar solvent, because it has much solvating power. The dielectric constant 介電常數(shù) is not a quantitative measurement.第31頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Table Effect of solvent on anionic polymerization of styreneSolventDielectric constant ( )Kpapp(liter/mole-sec)Benzene2.22Dioxane2.25THF7.6

19、5501,2-Dimethoxy ethane5.53,800第32頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Counter ion 反離子Li+1602.20.94Na+801.53.4K+60-800.8 6.5x10419.8Rb+50-800.121.5Cs+220.0224.5CounterionPolymerization in THFkp for dioxaneKpKx107Kp-Table The effect of counterion on anionic polymerization of styreneK is dissociation constan

20、t for the ion pairs, the smaller the K, the less free anionic ions第33頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四1-5 Termination of active center Termination with water even in the atmosphereWater is a chain transfer agent and Ctr,s=10第34頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Termination with CO2 in the airThe COO- group w

21、ill combine with other agent such as H2O, forming COOH group第35頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Termination with O2 in air 第36頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Termination with compound containing active hydrogen, such as ethanol and methanol.第37頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Spontaneous terminationThe deca

22、y for polystyryl carbanions on aging is referred as spontaneous termination第38頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 The termination of polar monomerMMA, methyl vinyl ketone, AN etc are polar monomers, can undergo anionic polymerization, but can not undergo living polymerization第39頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星

23、期四 Another side reaction is backbitingThis will decrease the MW and polymerization rate because CH3O- is less active第40頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Anionic polymerization alkyl vinyl ketone is very complicated第41頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Summary for identification of living polymerization First-

24、order kineticsMolecular weight can be controlledNarrow molecular weight distributionThe produced polymer is living Chain extending polymerization Higher molecular weight polymer Block copolymerization Block copolymer Functionalization reaction Telechelic polymer, Macromonomer Coupling reaction Star

25、polymer第42頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四1-6 Synthesis of nonlinear copolymers1. Three general methods for preparation of AnBm miktoarm star polymers by anionic polymerization Chlorosilane approach第43頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 DPE methodDPE: DiphenylethyleneBPEB:1,3-Bis(1-phenylethenyl)Benzene第44頁,

26、共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 DVB method第45頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四2. Condensation polymerization Branching polymers A-B + A3第46頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四 Hyperbranched polymers A2B + B B ? A2 + B3 A2B 第47頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四The relationship between molecular weight and polymerization

27、 time第48頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四第49頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四The effort of overcoming the cross-linking reactionsYield=87%, Mw=285000Condensation agent第50頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四The reasons for no crosslinking reactionsWhen the amount of NMP was decreased from 80 mL to 50 mL (the total

28、monomers concentration was 0.31 mol/L or 0.49 wt%), gel formation was observed in 2 h at the same reaction conditions.Kakimoto M., Macromolecules, 1999, 32: 2061-NH2/-COOH = 1:1(mole) Gelation-NH2/-COOH = 2:3(mole) No Gelation第51頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Proton-transfer polymerization processMacr

29、omolecules, 1999, 32, 6380-6382Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 38, 48504869 (2000)第52頁,共56頁,2022年,5月20日,19點33分,星期四Growth of molecular weight (Mw) as a function of time (hours) for the reaction of diepoxide 1 with triol 2 The polymerization temperature was 120, since very low polymerization rate at lower than 100. If the polymerization is allowed to continue through

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論