動名詞總復(fù)習用課件

1、高三英語總復(fù)習語法專項訓(xùn)練動 名 詞南莫中學(xué)高三英語備課組一、動名詞的形式 主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、功能及用法1動名詞（短語）做主語，如： Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing.注：動名詞（短語）做主語還常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：a.Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its no good talking a lot without doing

2、anything. Its a waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.注：動名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別： 動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或泛指的動作，一般不與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；不定式作主語通常表示具體的動作或行為，往往與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起，如： Its no use crying over spilt milk.

3、(抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具體) 在實際運用中，一般可以互換，差異不大。但在下列幾種情況中不能互換： a. 當表語是動名詞時，主語也要用動名詞；當表語是不定式時，主語也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.2動名詞（短語）作表語，如： Their job is building houses. His job is raising pigs.注：動名詞作表語與不定式作表語的區(qū)別： 動名詞作表語時表示比較抽象的一般行為、習慣；不定式作表語時表示具體的某

4、一次動作，特別是將來的動作，試比較： My favourite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.注：動名詞作表語與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容，它與主語是同等關(guān)系，主語與表語互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，但不可用副詞來修飾。 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時相當于形容詞，說明主語的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等，主語與表語不可互換位置，但可用very, quite等副詞來修飾，如： My job is looking after the children

5、. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 上述動詞盡管可以帶兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，但用法不盡相同，需要注意下列幾個情況： A. 在begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等動詞后，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義無大的出入，如： She

6、 cant bear being laughed at / to be laughed at. 但是在下列情況下，通常用不定式：a. 在would like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一個特定的新動作時： Id like to buy a suit. Id hate to disappoint them. b. 當謂語動詞已用進行時態(tài)時： The water is beginning / starting to boil. Im starting to work on my essay next week.c. 在begin 等后，非限定動詞由某些狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成時（即：

7、指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動時）： She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong.d. 當主語是物，不是人時： The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. B. 在need, want, deserve等后，可用動名詞的主動式表示被動含義，或用不定式的被動式，意義上無差別。但用動名詞較為普遍，（這時主語一般是物），如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled. C. 有的動詞盡管可以用兩

8、種結(jié)構(gòu)，但意義明顯不同，須認真加以區(qū)別： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. He tried to write better. (盡量努力地寫) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛筆試著寫) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不結(jié)束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能幫助結(jié)束某事) They left off fishing. (停止釣魚) They left o

9、ff to fish. (離開某處出發(fā)去釣魚) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (對現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉) I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 動名詞（短語）還常常跟在短語動詞之后，作介詞的賓語。常見的有：insist on / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward

10、to / depend on / thank for / excuse for / devote to / set about / spend in / get (be) used to / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等，如： He insisted on seeing us home. They all objected to putting the meeting off. Are you intere

11、sted in going to the show? Im thinking of going to town this afternoon. I dont feel like eating anything. She is afraid of falling behind the others. He finally got tired of doing office work. She devotes hours to helping Mother with housework on Sunday. 4動名詞（短語）可以和about, against, at, before, after,

12、 by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介詞構(gòu)成短語，在句中作狀語，如： They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news. He warned me against swimming there. She left without saying good-bye to us. Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children. He felt uncomfortable about accepting the gift

13、. They were surprised at your doing that.5動名詞（短語）可以和介詞構(gòu)成短語作定語，如： He hasnt much experience in running factories. Whats their reason for cancelling the English evening? Have you any objection to going there on foot? He has little hope of passing his examinations. They dont approve of his way of lookin

14、g at things. Im glad to have this opportunity of coming to visit your country.6動名詞還可以作定語，如： singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method注：動名詞作定語表示被修飾名

15、詞的用途，它和名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示被修飾名詞本身的動作、行為，它和名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 三、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)就是前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 有時為了明確動名詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動名詞之前加上一個物主代詞或名詞所有格，來表示動名詞邏輯上的主語。有時也可以用人稱代詞賓格或名詞普通格，不過，這主要用于口語中。如： She wont hear of us leaving the village. Do you object to Li Pings joining the physics group?注：如果不是在句子的開頭，這個

16、結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格，如： I dont like the idea of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果動名詞的邏輯主語是表示無生命的東西的名詞，或不定代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： Is there any hope of your team winning the match? The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.四、動名詞的完成形式與被動形式 動名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動作（即不是明確

17、地在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的動作）或是與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的動作，如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others. 如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，通常用動名詞的完成形式，如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont remember having ever promised you that.注：在某些動詞之后（或在成語中）常用（或可以用）動名詞的一般形式表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生的動作，如：Excuse me for coming late.I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere. 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的承受者時，這個動名詞一般要用被動形式，如：This question is far from being se