2012年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試綜合類(lèi)級(jí)試題及答案

1、英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi) A 及第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第115題，每題1分，共15He shifted hisitionalittleinorderto(alleviate)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi) A 及第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第115題，每題1分，共15He shifted hisitionalittleinorderto(alleviate)thepaininhis control B. easy C. experience D. sufferOuraimwasto(update)thehealthservice,andwesucceeded. offer B. provide C. modernize D. fundS

2、hemovesfromone(exotic)locationtoanother. unusual B. familiar C. similar D. properNothingwould(induce)metovoteforhimagain. teach B. help C. discourage D. attractThephotographs(evoked)strongmemoriesofourholidayinFrance. refreshed B. stored C. blocked D. erasedTheweatherwas(crisp)andclearandyoucouldsee

3、themountainsfifty hot B. heavy C. fresh D. windy7.kthemagazinepresents the(profile) ofa well-known sB.description evidenceD. are(utterly)ridiculous8.HercommentsaboutslightlyB.y partly D. Thewallsaremadeof(hollow)concreteblocks. A . big B. empty C. long D. nowWealmosto)aRolls-tpulledoutinfrontofuswit

4、houtA. overtook B. hitC. passed D. 11. WhenI heard the henext room,I couldntvingachance B. C.look D. granted(asylum)inFrance. fC. protectionD. Hehasbeen er B. reHewas (weary)ofthe constant n A.fond B. tired C. proud D.14. A. treat 15. All A. color ：babiescan(discriminate)bet distinguish C. express D

5、.n mansand a the same(layout) he buildingsizeC. function D.description utterly y hollow ohit peep 第二部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7請(qǐng)選擇 A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇 B;如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇 C。In Sports, Red isthe Winning Whenopponentsofagameare win, according to a new study.Britishanthropologistsequallymatched,theteamdresse

6、dinredismorelikelylHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurhamreached 請(qǐng)選擇 A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇 B;如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇 C。In Sports, Red isthe Winning Whenopponentsofagameare win, according to a new study.Britishanthropologistsequallymatched,theteamdressedinredismorelikelylHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversity

7、ofDurhamreached tandfreestyle-wrestlingmatches IneacheventOlympicatthe 2004SummerOlympics in Athens, randomlyassignedredorblueclothingorbodyprotectioncompetitors.Whenotherwiseequally wearing red were more likely to wWhere there was a large matchedwiththeiropponentinfitnessandskill,athletes he bout.d

8、ifferencepresumably because one contestant was superior totheothercolor hadeffectone,Bartonsaid.Wheretherewasa fficient to tip the balance.small difference,the effectof colorInequallymatchedbouts,thepreponderanceofredwinswasgreattitcouldbeattributedtochance,theanthropologistssay.HillandBartonfoundsi

9、milarresultsinreviewofthecolorswornattheEuroernationalsoccertournament.Theirreportbe JoannaSetc similar omorrowseof thejournal ,aprimateresearcherattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,hasfound innature. Her workwith the largeAfrican monkeys knownasmandrills tred coloration gives males anadvantagewhen

10、it comes to Thetredalsohasanadvantageinhumansportingeventsdoesnotsurpriset the ideaof the study is veryHill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutualsexual signals in primatesred seems to be the color, across species, dominance and testosterone levels, Barton said.heevolutionof t signa

11、ls Forle,studiesby,theCambridgeprimateresearcher,study by mandrills have increased red heir and rumps. scientiststredplasticringsexperimentallyplacedonthelegsofmalezebraincrease the birds Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculatedttheremightbeasimilareffect in humans. And if so, it could be

12、apparent in sporting contests.The pair say their results indicatetsexualselectionmayhaveinfluencedtheevolution of humans response to color., theprimatologist, agrees. AsHill andBarton say,humans redden whenwe angryandpalewhenwerescared.Theseareveryimportantsignalstootherindividuals,she Theadvantageo

13、fredmayuitivelyknown,judgingfromtheprevalenceofredinsportsthoughitisclearlynotverywidelyappre Barton said.ted,onaconsciousHetthefindingofredsadvantageveimplicationsforernsportingheOlympicmatcheshesurveyedforthenewstudy,forle,siblesome medalwinners mayhave reached the pedestal n ended t is the implic

14、ation, though we cannot saytitmadethedifferenceinanyonespecific case, Barton said.Meanwhile, t a red advantage may not be limited Hilland Barton areerestedin Malemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractamate. Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.The red plastic rings were left on the finches perma

15、nently. Hill and Barton beveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.Many athletes ethe new regulationsonsports ：16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectsThe red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently. Hill and Barton beveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.Many athletes ethe new regulationso

16、nsports ：16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectsesoftoes“theteamdressedinredismoreHilland Barton areerestedinprimates相關(guān)句：Hilland Barton gotthe idea for thestudyfrom a erestinMalemandrillsuse yellow colorationto attract a 相關(guān)句：Redcoloration gives malesan advantage whenit comesto Redisnotanad

17、vantageforZebrafinchess infinding a The red plasticrings wereleft on the finches C(not 21. Hilland Barton ve athletesinred are more likely to相關(guān)句：Acrossarangeofsports,wefind a highrobability of winning.twearingredisconsistentlyted22. ManyathletesC(not e thenew regulations on sport 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第2

18、326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題;(227306How technology pushesdown TheTreatyofBreda,signedin1667afterawarntheEnglishandhinwhichthe he English were worsted, gave the h the big prize: Run, a small archipelagowhichwastheworldsprincipalsourceofnutmeg.Themarginonnutmegatthetime wasaround3,200%.TheEnglish,asa

19、consolationprize,gotManhattan.Asanillustrationthelong-termfallinfoodcomparedwithothertisasharpone.Buthas characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advan production and distribution technology.in Consumers have benefited grey from those advan. Malthusians, whose descendants

20、until quiterecentlyttheworldwouldrunoutoffood,havetherebybeenMoreandmorefoodisbeingproducedbyfewerandeoplewithlessandlesscapital;isthereforeevermoreplentifulandche r.Sincedemandistosomeextentlimitedbythe size of peoples stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many y

21、ears, and continues to drop (see chart 4).Geneticallymodified (GM)seedsare the latest ion of aproduction tstartedwithCharles“Turnip”Townsend,he18thcenturylaidthebasisforanicfertiliserswerereplacedbychemicalhe19thcentury.TheopeneduptheAmericanmid-west.Thehorsereplacedthecow,thecombineharvestertheAfte

22、rthesecondworldwar,dwarfvarietiesofwheatandrice(whichovercamethetheavilyfertilisedcropsinhotcountriesgrewtootallandfellover)boosted-output. The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “l(fā)ivestock edby Chris Delgado,who works ly for ernationalFoodPolicy InstituteandernationalLivestockResearchI

23、nstitute.esandBy1997,realbeefwereathirdtheirlevelin1971.tperiod,meatin develo edby Chris Delgado,who works ly for ernationalFoodPolicy InstituteandernationalLivestockResearchInstitute.esandBy1997,realbeefwereathirdtheirlevelin1971.tperiod,meatin develo off, but countriesrose five-fold,three timesas

24、fastas indeveloped countries. rosethree-fold.Bythe1980s,inconventionalplantbreedinghadmade sibleto dothings with t conventional breedingcould not Despite scaremongeringin Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the worlds soyaisnowGM.Producinglotsoffoodisnotmuchgoodunlessyoucandistribu

25、teit,soadvan topreservefood,Canningheearly19thcentury,whenaantfoodcouldbestored ttincanswereeasier usedthetechnologylongerifitwasheatedbeforeitwasbottled,andaBritonworkedtonbottles;andboththeBritishandtheFrenchfeedtheirheNapoleonicwars.FrancisBacon,aBritishscientistandessayist,somethehadstuffedwiths

26、nowaspartofanexperiment.In1877offrozen beef was carried from Argentina toFrance.The impact onthe food industry ofspreadofthedomestiche20thcenturywasrivalledonlytofthepushdownprincipallybecauseoftheirscale.BigbusinessescaninvestinITtmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Themoreconcentra

27、tedretailof course, there is somuch t there is not enoughcompetition. Competition indicated rthistthe supermarketindustry was t:itrefusedtoletanyofthetopthreesupermarketchainsbuyoneoflayers.In America, however,wherethe sizeof the countrymeans a more ishetrade,isexpectedtoclaimmorevictims.Wal-Martssc

28、ale,theefficiencyitsITsystemsandthecheapnessofitsnon-unionisedlabourforce($8-10anhourcompared$17-18formid-sizedchasAlbertsons,Ahold,SafewayandKroger),giveitaadvantage.ItsellsColgatetoothpasteforageof63%ofitscompetitorsprice,orangejuice for58% andKelloggs CornFlakes for ystsleast oneofmid-sizedfirmst

29、odisappear.Theconcentrationeramongretailershasledtoanotherheshifterdownthefoodchain.Onceuponaerlaywith20thcentury,assinganddistributionbecamemoreimportant,sodidthefoodLordHaskins,TonyBlairsadviseronfarming,recallsgoingtofoodindustrythe1970s,whentherewouldbealine Retailer concentration has shiftedRet

30、ailer concentrationhas ofRolls-outside,all belongingto er(andprofits)furtherdownthefoodchainNolonger. er(and profits)further down the foodchain. But retailersarenotthetypetoaroundinflashcars.Theyareiouslyadvertisingtheirdeterminationtokeeppri down.Wal-MartsheadquartersinBentonville, Arkansas,isinaco

31、nvertedwarehouse.Tesco,Britainsbiggestprivate-sectoremployer,has itsheadquartersinaStalinistbunkerinanastybitofnorth-eastLondon.Besidethemain receptionitssharepriceisproudlydisplayedononeofthoseblackboardswithwhitelettersstuckontotyouhestsandwichbars.Oneoftheofer(whichalsoit)isthegrowthofabel(ie,up3

32、9%ofgrocerysalesinBritain,21%inFranceandonlyheUnitedes,butt, as es more concentrated, America is going the way of a producers brand.Asown-labelhas expanded, sosupermarkets have beentaking all butmostsfulbrandsofftheirshelves.“Ifyouareavebranditsfine,”saysHarding, Tescos ldirector.“Ifyoureasub-global

33、a producers brand.Asown-labelhas expanded, sosupermarkets have beentaking all butmostsfulbrandsofftheirshelves.“Ifyouareavebranditsfine,”saysHarding, Tescos ldirector.“Ifyoureasub-globalbrand,lifesmuchshiftertoretailershasputreonproducersmargins,hencehugeprogrammescuts.Since2000,Uni-leverhascutitswo

34、rkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofminor brandsaspartofits“pathtogrowth”strategy.CadburyisthelatesttoannouncebiginOctober ittit willbe shutting20% of its133 factoriesand cutting 10%of55,000globalworkforce.Thesecutsshouldhelpkeepcosts,andthusthepriceoffood,low.Does cheap food make people unhealt

35、hy? In some ways. Hydrogenated vegetable oil, for instancevegetable fat made solid by adding hydrogen atomsis the nutritionists current bte noire.Widelyusedasacheapsubstituteforbutterandcream,itisthemaindietarysource oftransfats.Transfatsareheavilyimplicatedinheartdisease;companiesaretakingthem outo

36、fproductsforfearoflawsuits.Cheapfoodmayalsomakepeopleeatmore.Inap r“Why havee moreobese?”David Cutler,Jesse Shapiro andEdward Glaeser,group of Harvard economists, notet,amongOECDcountries,obesityiscorrelatedtothelevel ofregulation: themore foodlaws, themoreprotected local producers are,the harderitt

37、oimporttechnology,theeopletendtobe.Theytisbecauseofprice:lessregulatedacountry,theraBigMactendstobe.Butitcouldbeanotherheavilyregulatedcountriesmight,forinstance,bewithstrongerfamilytieswheremealshavesurvived andpeople eatfewer snacksand lessfast Giving ortionsisaneasywayof makingthemfeel theyhave g

38、ot a dealFood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. tiswhyportionshavebeengettinglargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinks,whichused tocomein8ozandthen12ozcontainersnowcomein20ozones.AsDennisLombardiofafood-industryconsultancyinChicago,sout,givingortionsis

39、anway of making themfeel they havegota better deal. “If Ican give you an 8oz portion$7,Icangiveyoua12ozportionfor$8.Theonlyincrementalcosttomeisthefood,tsizepartlydetermineshowmuchpeopleeat.BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratSeUniversity,fedsubjectsmacaronicheese,somein2.5-cupportions,somein5-cupThe

40、oneswith the bigportions ate 27%more, nthose withsmall portionsdidnotreportfeelinganyfuller.BrianWansinkattheUniversityofIllinoistyougivemovie-goersanextra-largebucketofpopcorn,theyeatnearlyhalfasmuchagainifyougivethemthenextsizedown,evenifthepopcornisstale.Nowcompaniesaretostopsellingpeoplemoreforl

41、ess.Butitisahardtrendtoreverse,asMrLombardisout.“How aboutI give youa third lessfood for Paragraphless? I dontthink 234Hugeretailersforceproducerstocuntcosts Consumers like supermarketsTechnologyhelps reducefood Food comes r inChainstores providebetter Bigger supermarkets offer low Bigsupermarketsca

42、nofferfoodbecausethey canbuy Somefoodproducers Besidescuttingits Buyers like bigghave reduced workforce,unilever ortionbecauseabandoned thinktheyhave A. their huge their agoodbarging minor brandsA.Hugeretailersforceproducerstoosts26.D.foodcomesrinBigsupermarketscanofferbecausetheycanbuy huge their a

43、goodbarging minor brandsA.Hugeretailersforceproducerstoosts26.D.foodcomesrinBigsupermarketscanofferbecausetheycanbuy C:inbulkinties28.Someforcedproducershavereduced F。minorcuttingitscost,UnileveralsoabandoneditsA.theirworkforce30.Buyerslikeportionsbecause theythink they have got 第四部分：閱讀理解(第3145題，每題3

44、分，共45E。a good bargain = a DNA 31. What is the mainidea of thishaschanged theAmericanlegal hashelpedinnocentmengofreeinuses genetics to hasplayed a key roleincriminal 32. DNA testingusedin acriminal case alawyerinNewYork studentsin heUnitedin Great 33. The innocenceproject uses DNA testingset innocen

45、tput people in lawyer sare 34. Some in Northwestern proved some prisoners were not vedswerefromethnictold theernorsofIllinoisnottofreetheprisoners showed DNA testing was not always reliable35.Whatis theauthors attitude towardDNA ：31.WhatsisthemainideaofthisDDNAtestinghasplayedaroleincriminal investi

46、gation.相關(guān)句(文章最后兩句)：But forthosewhoseinnocence hasprovenandwhoarenowfreeman,DNAtestinghasmeantnothingnareturntolife.withthecarefuluseofDNAtesting,noshouldeverbeconvictedtestingwas the veryusedin a criminal case by 為 in great BritainuseofDNA testing ina criminal casewas in1985 in great hadfoundlesofth

47、ekillersDNA33.TheInnocenceProjectusesDNAtesting Asetfreeinnocentprisoners：in1992,twolawprofessorsdecidedtoDNAevidencetohelpsetfreeistakenlyconvictedprisoner.TheyAcalledtheinnocenceproject.34.SomestudentsinNorthwesternUniversity someprisoners were notguilty.相關(guān)句：Thestudents(atNorthwesterntinfactthepri

48、sonerswerenotguiltyofthecrimetheyhadbeenaccusedof.35.WhatisauthorsattitudetowardsDNA第二Going Her Own Whenshewastwelve,Mariamade為importantaboutthecourseofherShetinfacttheprisonerswerenotguiltyofthecrimetheyhadbeenaccusedof.35.WhatisauthorsattitudetowardsDNA第二Going Her Own Whenshewastwelve,Mariamade為im

49、portantaboutthecourseofherShetshewantedtocontinuehereducation,Mostgirlsfrommiddle-classschose to stay home rimary school，though some attended private Catholic schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make conversation.ThiswasnotthesortofterestedMaria orhermother.Byt

50、ime，she had beguntotake herstudies moreseriously. Sheread constantly and broughtbookseverywhere.Onetimeshe he dark.evenbroughther mathbook tothe theater and tried toMaria tshe togoonlearningin aserious ttending public hightveryfewgirls did.In Italyatthetime，there were typesofhighschools:theclassical

51、schoolsandthetechnicalheschools，thestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudies，withcoursesinLatin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls continued studying rimaryschool usuallychose these Maria，however，wantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalscho

52、olsweremoreandaccounting2.MostpeopleincludingMariasfathertgirlswouldneverabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermore，theydidnotthinkitwasproperf study them.irlsMariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.ndsciencewerethethermost. But beforeshe couldsign upfor the technicalschool，she hadto win sapproval.Shefinal

53、lydid，withhermothershelp，thoughformanyyearsafter，therewasten he family. Marias father continued to ope hlans，whilehermotherhelpedher.In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the Regia ica Michelangelo inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincluded modernsubjects，thet

54、eachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedoflonglistsctsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotedtoquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemanding，discipline he classroom was strict， and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were ：36.Mariawantedto

55、attendaC.technicalhighrobably . hose daysmostItaliangirls Bdidntgotohighschool.38.MariasB.hadatraditionalviewaboutwomen.39.Highschoolteachersinwere very .Dstrict40.Wecaninferfromthispassage girl of strong will第三t D.Mariawasational helastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanyanyresistedthesechan

56、ges. heHimalayan mountains of Asia，kingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.Itspeopleandforhousandyears.Bhutan，however， wasapoorcountry.PeoplediedatayoungMostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.but without losing its traditions.eKing Wangchuck lookedatothercountries forideas.Het

57、mostcountriestheirprogressbytheiratonalProduct(GNPTheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by happiness.Ifthe peoples happinessincreased，the kingcould tBhutanwas progress. To decide if people were happier ， he created a measure called

58、 Gro GNHisbasedoncertaintcreatehappiness.Peoplearehad a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by happiness.Ifthe peoples happinessincreased，the kingcould tBhutanwas progress. To decide if people were happier ， he created a measure called Gro GNHisbasedoncertaintcreate

59、happiness.Peoplearehappiertheyhealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，peopleare happier when theyhave a good，NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelonger. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land enationalparks，an

60、dthecountryhasalmostnopollution.Thecontinuetoweartraditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has e democracy.In2008，KingWangchuckgaveertohisson.Althoughthecountrystilla king， it held its politicalcandidatesforthedemocratictyear.Bhutanolitical partiestime.Finally， Bhutanhas