大學(xué)英語四六級寫作強(qiáng)化課件

1、四六級寫作內(nèi)容篇 題材現(xiàn)實(shí)性 四六級寫作的題材具有顯著的現(xiàn)實(shí)性，基本可以分為兩大類： 1. 貼近大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)工作及課余生活的校園題材 2. 論及當(dāng)前社會的現(xiàn)象、發(fā)展變化及進(jìn)步的熱點(diǎn)話題。 1. Recreational Activities (2008. 6)2. What Electives to Choose (2007. 12)3. Welcome to Our Club (2007. 6)4. Volunteers Needed (2006. 6)5. Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist? (2005. 12)6. Teach

2、ers Day (2005. 6)7. A Campaign Speech (2005. 1)8. A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction (2004. 6)9. A Letter in Reply to a Friend (2004. 1) 校園題材 關(guān)于此類題材的近五年的真題作文列舉如下：1. Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags (2008. 12)2. Spring Festival Gala on CCTV (2006. 12) -3 How Should Parents Help C

3、hildren to be Independent? （2010） 1. 目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切 2. 為了讓孩子獨(dú)立, 父母應(yīng)該-4 Online Shopping (2011.06) 四級作文命題透析社會熱點(diǎn)話題健康:1身體健康-health: physical:-keep fit; wellbeing(emotional/physical/psychological)2008.12/2008.06/2007.12/98.06/93.01/91/902人的心理健康：psychologically, mentally :independent, cooperative, competit

4、ive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, selfish, isolated, conservative-2009.12( 綠色校園不僅指綠色環(huán)境）/2007.12/2007.06參加社團(tuán)緩解壓力方便VS效率：2008.12一次性塑料袋廣泛使用/2002.06計(jì)算機(jī)普及程度/2002.01食堂服務(wù)/1994.01現(xiàn)代化交通工具發(fā)達(dá)./1991.01- 自行車在中國這樣普及2006.06學(xué)生自由選擇教師方便學(xué)生,提高辦學(xué)的效率節(jié)省和浪費(fèi)：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift; waste t

5、ime/ money/ space; costly2009.06博物館作為教育資源/2008.12塑料袋使用/2004.01報(bào)考專業(yè)理由(人才浪費(fèi))2002.01-對食堂批評;2000.01 上大學(xué)費(fèi)用( taking a part-time jobease/alleviate family financial burden1996.01雙休日可能給大學(xué)生帶來的問題1998.01假冒偽劣商品對個(gè)人(浪費(fèi)金錢)安全和危險(xiǎn)：safe, danger, risk2009.06(公共場所存在安全隱患)/2008.06/98.01假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品安全隱患/97.06大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性(社會的險(xiǎn)惡,陷阱t

6、rap)/96.01雙休日帶來的問題travel;經(jīng)驗(yàn)：working experience, social experience, enter the society; practical experience; associate theory with practice; （interpersonal skills) 2007.12開設(shè)選修課目的/2007.06社團(tuán)的好處: expand ones horizon; enlarge our knowledge;/2005.01具備勝任學(xué)生會主席的條件/2001.01-取得面試成功的因素/97.06大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性個(gè)人權(quán)利與自由: 2

7、007.12學(xué)生選課不同的原因/2006.06允許學(xué)生選擇老師(學(xué)生權(quán)利student centered)/2004.01 報(bào)考專業(yè)理由意志：Nothing Succeeds without a strong will （2011.12）用詞是否恰當(dāng)，準(zhǔn)確，形象，關(guān)鍵詞是否換用，切勿老用重復(fù)詞；Goodadvisable/sensible/informative/useful/instructive;Goodbeneficial, advantageous, helpful; excellent, outstanding;Badundesirable/mindless/worthless; B

8、adharmful, baneful, detrimentalLots ofa host of , a vast number of(可數(shù)名詞），a great deal of , a vast amount of ( 不可數(shù)名詞）-substantial; considerable; heaps of Importantcrucial, vital, significant, key;P4;indispensable/integral;角色與功能Play an important( active, major, central, crucial, essential, integral, p

9、rominent, vital) rolePlay a big part-Take a leading part-允許與阻止Makepossible電腦的使用促使人們在家上班: The use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work from home.Stop, keep, prevent, prohibit太多的學(xué)業(yè)壓力對學(xué)生的負(fù)面影響Too much academic pressure deprives young students of

10、the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoying their school years. (hinder-obstructhedge) Increasing (ly), growing 替換more and more( 注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly

11、 popular with the advancement of sth.非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significantly/ utterly)在當(dāng)代In contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age;for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion破壞Destroy; impair; undermine; jeopardize; devastate;支持觀點(diǎn)（be for/convinc

12、e/insist/voice a support for/vote for) (win) 反對觀點(diǎn)( argue against/ combat/ disagree with/disregard/oppose) (go astrayflourishrivalthriveadministration)Transformchange(應(yīng)用: 科技改變我們的生產(chǎn)和生活方式, 環(huán)境變化);Preserveprotect-保護(hù)某種資源，natural resources or old buildings-demolishtear down 。解決: Solve, deal with, cope with

13、, handle, resolve, address, tackle( economic crisis, deteriorated environment, shortages of water, unemployment, traffic jams.)_;培養(yǎng)：Develop, cultivate, foster, culture( educationcultivate the spirit of independence人們認(rèn)為：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that適應(yīng)的形勢/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate

14、(使適應(yīng)) oneself to new environment/ change;接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems影響與沖擊Profound/ SignificantDamaging Devastating Destructive disastrousInfluence Impact Effect affectObviously, the picture shows that a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial to

15、 all the human beings.show: indicate, reveal, suggest, proveAs the number shows, nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.number: figure, statistics 用詞的生動(dòng)性is首先前者的問題在于be動(dòng)詞是靜態(tài)的，沒有活力的，there be 也是如此。 make make sb. do sth-英語的詞化程度較高，存在大量詞語，一個(gè)單詞的存在使得很多詞語不再被需要dismay 使震驚，convince 使信服.避免be形式表

16、達(dá)，盡可能選擇表示強(qiáng)有力的行為動(dòng)詞，寫出生動(dòng)，簡潔，有力，耐讀和連貫的文章。There is a beautiful park near my house. The name of the park is Tian-Tan Park, which was built several hundred years ago. It is the biggest park in Beijing. The Tian-Tan park is famous not only for its beauty but its quietness as well. Near my house stands Tian

17、-Tan, the biggest park in Beijing, built several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness. Ecological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plants. Ecological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants, even human

18、 beings. The Internet makes me learn English more conveniently. The Internet facilitated my English studyHis criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university. His criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to the university. 避免一味用 There is 開頭。 There are more and more people

19、 who realize the relation between examination and teaching methods. The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized.避免一味用People, I, We 開頭 We will always remember the smile on her face. The smile on her face will be firmly rooted in our minds.We certainly should o

20、ffer good service.Good service is certainly required.It-句型的廣泛使用It must be pointed out that.必須指出It must be admitted that.必須承認(rèn)It is imagined that.人們認(rèn)為It can not be denied that.不可否認(rèn)It will be seen from this that.由此可知It should be realized that.必須認(rèn)識到It is (always) stressed that.人們(總是)強(qiáng)調(diào)It may be said wit

21、hout fear of exaggeration that.可以毫不夸張地說變換句式優(yōu)化文章Lecture 1 長句和短句變換Lecture 2 主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句變換Lecture 3 非謂語從句變換Lecture 4 比較句變換Lecture 5 松散到緊湊變換變換句式優(yōu)化文章短句變長句受漢語思維習(xí)慣影響，很多考生往往會直接將腦子里的意思譯成英語，而忽略句與句之間的聯(lián)系，導(dǎo)致寫出來的句子無法體現(xiàn)英語作為“形合語言”的特點(diǎn)。因此，在平時(shí)寫作時(shí)，考生要注意前后句子之間是否存在聯(lián)系，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)各個(gè)簡單句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將簡單句連接起來，組成準(zhǔn)確地道的復(fù)雜長句，增加文章的氣勢。【例1】【原文

22、】 Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. 【優(yōu)化】 Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. 【例2】【例3】【原文】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth. The truth can be tested by observation or experimentati

23、on. 【優(yōu)化】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth, something that can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【原文】 Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty. 【優(yōu)化】 Pressu

24、red by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. 【例4】 【原文】 When I turned right on the corner, a motorbike knocked into a small car. The motorbike was red. There were two persons on the motorbike. The car was yellow. The

25、motorbike fell down. The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. The driver came out of the car at once, and asked about the two persons injuries. As soon as I saw that, I made a telephone call to 110. The traffic police arrived in a short time. 【優(yōu)化】 When I turned right on the corner, a

26、red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car. Immediately, the motorbike fell down, and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. At that time, the car driver came out of the car, and asked about the two persons injuries. Seeing this, I dialed the 110. In a short time

27、, the traffic police arrived. 2. 長句變短句長句固然能表達(dá)出復(fù)雜而縝密的思想，但如果片面追求復(fù)雜句子，反而會顯得華而不實(shí)，成為表達(dá)的累贅。寫作中句子的長短應(yīng)根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要而定。短句不僅指句子長度較短，也指句子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)精煉，簡潔是寫作的一個(gè)重要原則，用詞累贅則是寫作的大忌?！纠?】【原文】His father, who is a salesman, became a millionaire overnight. 【優(yōu)化】His father, a salesman, became a millionaire overnight. 【例2】【原文】Perhaps t

28、hey basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly. 【優(yōu)化】They distrusted our judgment. 一、將下面的長句和短句進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改寫，使其更符合表達(dá)要求。 【原句】 【優(yōu)化】The captain, a tall, thin man with a big mustache, was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. The grading system at our college should be abolished, because neither

29、 the students nor the instructors like it.1. The captain was a tall, thin man with a big mustache. He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. 2. The grading system at our college should be abolished. The students dont like getting grades. The instructors dont enjoy giving grades. 【原文】【優(yōu)化】Th

30、e seriousness of the problem on the reserves of raw materials shows that it is important to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale.Those who dont like having roommates argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every pe

31、rson has his or her own way.5. Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 4. Some students dont like having roommates. They think every person has his or her own way.

32、And several people living together causes some unpleasantness. 3. The problem of the reserve of raw materials is becoming more serious. It shows it is important to begin a plan. We should conserve and divide up the natural resources on a worldwide scale. It is a widely accepted fact that there is a

33、major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true.二、請按照所給提示對下面的作文進(jìn)行句式優(yōu)化【原文】【優(yōu)化】 With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choos

34、e to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways. First, when they live in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills. Second, if they complete part or all of their education overseas, they can gain a broad

35、er or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. 【提示】將中的賓語從句改為簡單句，將其中的條件狀語從句改為主語。將中的時(shí)間狀語從句改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。將中的條件狀語從句改為主語，該句變?yōu)楹唵尉洹?【優(yōu)化】 With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popu

36、lar option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways. First, living in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign languages skills. Second, completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or di

37、fferent perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers. 【提示】將改

38、成兩句，分別陳述兩個(gè)理由。 As for me, I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision, while if conditions dont permit them to go a

39、broad, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. The place where they study is not very important for them, and instead, it is what they can learn that is the most important. 【提示】將改成兩句，分別陳述兩種不同的情況。通過notbut將簡化成一個(gè)簡單句?！緝?yōu)化】 However, there are still many people who favor studying

40、at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off. Whats more, there are no language and cultural barriers when studying in our country. 【優(yōu)化】As for me, I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experie

41、nce have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision. On the other hand, if conditions dont permit, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can

42、learn. 主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句變換與漢語相比，英語更注重動(dòng)作本身，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，因此在英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用相對多一些，但這并不表明要一味地追求被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用。主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)1）不需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者【原文】We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 【優(yōu)化】More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our cou

43、ntry. 2）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者【原文】The employees elected Mr. Li chairman of the committee last week. 【優(yōu)化】Mr. Li was elected chairman of the committee by the employees last week. 3）保持陳述對象的一致，以求行文通順 【原文】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately. 【優(yōu)化】When the P

44、rime Minister arrived at the airport, he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.2. 被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)1）需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者【原文】If you are friendly to others, you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice versa. 【優(yōu)化】If you are friendly to others, they will hold hospitable attitude towards you a

45、nd vice versa. 2）保持陳述對象的一致，以求行文通順【原文】One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is self-reliance. This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and conduct my own survey project. 【優(yōu)化】During their first job, many individuals develop t

46、heir very important quality of self-reliance. I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、要求：請將下面句子中語態(tài)使用不當(dāng)?shù)牡胤竭M(jìn)行優(yōu)化改寫，使其更符合表達(dá)需要?！驹摹?【優(yōu)化】 1. We know that smoking is harmful to peoples health. 2. We should advise people to protect their own

47、 interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements 3. Nowadays, public places and advertisements of any kind forbid smoking. 2. People should be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements. 3. Nowadays, smoking is forbidden in public places and ad

48、vertisements of any kind. 1. It is almost known that smoking is harmful to peoples health. 4. Computers may help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation, while engineers make use of some computers in designing a plane, or a spaceship. 5. Those in favor of university marriage argue

49、 that we should give college students the right to get married since they are adults. 4. Computers may help scientist in analyzing data and doing complex calculation, while some computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane, or a spaceship. 5. Those in favor of university marriage argu

50、e that college students should be given the right to get married since they are adults. 非謂語和從句變換非謂語動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?！纠?】【原文】When I look into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union. 【優(yōu)化】Looking into the future, I will

51、try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union. 【例2】【原文】In 1836, there arose the working-class movement which is known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement. 【優(yōu)化】in 1836, there arose the working-class movement known as

52、Chartism, which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、要求：請將下列句子中劃線的從句部分改為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。 【原文】【優(yōu)化】 1. The law can punish those who produce or sell fake commodities. 2. After he completed college in 1980, Tony became an English teacher in a normal college. 3. It must be realized that people

53、 should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books, it will be time-wasting and harmful. 4. Because one of my parents is laid off, my family cant possibly afford all my expenses at college. 2. After completing college in 1980, Tony became an Engl

54、ish teacher in a normal college. 1. The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities. 3. It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is time-wasting and harmful. 4. With one of my parents being laid off, my family cant po

55、ssibly afford all my expenses at college. 二、要求：請對下面段落中的劃線部分進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改寫 【原文】 【優(yōu)化】 Nowadays waste is a common phenomenon in society. Many people, for example, would not bother to make careful use of water, electricity and gas. And hosts and guests tend to leave a luxurious banquet full up, and then they wi

56、ll leave behind dishes and food unfinished on the table. Also, some big factories, which are armed with advanced machines and technology, may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter which is produced by the manufacturing process. Even such people as those from former poverty-stricken are

57、as, who were once considered to be frugal of every cent of their miserable money, have turned wasteful. Nowadays waste is a common phenomenon in society. Many people, for example, would not bother to make careful use of water, electricity and gas. And hosts and guests tend to leave a luxurious banqu

58、et full up, leaving behind dishes and food unfinished on the table. Also, some big factories, armed with advanced machines and technology, may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter produced by the manufacturing process. Even such people as those from former poverty-stricken areas, once

59、 considered to be frugal of every cent of their miserable money, have turned wasteful. 比較句變換1. 表示相似性1）just as, so（正如,也一樣）【例】Just as food is necessary to life, so are books to our spirit. 2）share/ have in common （在方面有共同點(diǎn)）【例】China and the U.S.A have some interests in common in foreign trade area. 3) b

60、ear similarities/ resemblances to （和具有相似之處）【例】 Lots of ancient Chinese constructions bear striking resemblances to that in other parts of the world, which discloses the similarity in human civilization. 4) the same is true of/ with（也是如此）【例】People who are financially independent will be bullied by th