《翻譯技巧增譯法》課件

1、Amplification in Translation增譯法1. Lexical Amplification（從詞匯上考慮的增詞）2. Syntactical Amplification （從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞）3. Cultural Amplification （從文化上考慮的增詞）4. Rhetorical Amplification （從修辭上考慮）1. Lexical Amplification1.1 增加動詞1.2 增加名詞1.3 增加概括詞1.4 增加副詞1.5 增加量詞1.6 增加表達復(fù)數(shù)的詞1.7 增加表達時態(tài)的詞1. 1 增加動詞1)In the evening, aft

2、er the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他還得起草最后的公報。2) She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 譯文一：她覺得手里和唇上都是花兒，胸中也生長著花兒。譯文二：她覺得她好像手里拿著花，嘴里吻著花，連胸中也生出了花。1. Reading

3、 makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實,討論使人機智,筆記（寫作）使人準確。2. We dont regret, we never have and never will. 我們不會后悔，我們從來沒有后悔過，我們將來也不會后悔。3. After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完籃球比賽之后，他還有一個重要會議要參加。課內(nèi)練習(xí)1. 2 增加名詞 a. 在抽象名詞后面增加名詞1）We have made so

4、me achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┏煽?，但還要防止自滿情緒。2）Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用會使鋼鐵生銹。b. 在具體名詞后面增加名詞當具體名詞表達某種抽象概念時，在譯文中也常常需要根據(jù)上下文增加一些適當?shù)拿~。 1) Heallowedthefather to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。 他讓法官的職責戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪。 2) In

5、the future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. 將來自動化可能使人類享受到比今天更多的空閑時間。c. 在形容詞前面增加名詞 This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 這部新型電腦真是價廉物美。He is a complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一個性格復(fù)雜的人喜怒無常，反復(fù)多變，有些憂郁寡歡。d. 在不及物動詞

6、后面增加名詞英語中的某些動詞在用作不及物動詞的時候，雖然后面并沒有帶賓語，但賓語實際上是隱含在動詞后面的。所以在翻譯成漢語時，往往要把隱含的賓語翻譯出來。 1）Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天來干活掃地、擦地板、收拾房間。2）I could knit when I was seven. 我7歲時就會織毛衣。課內(nèi)練習(xí)1. First you borrow, then you beg. 頭一遭借錢，下一遭就討飯。2. Mary washed for a living after her husba

7、nd died of cancer. 瑪麗的丈夫癌癥去世后，就靠洗衣服維持生活。3. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了 點東西，喝了點酒，因為他疲憊不堪了。4. That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夾克真是價廉物美。5. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他滿臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。6. A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention

8、. 一種新型轎車正越來越引起人們的注意這種轎車體積小，價錢便宜。7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢態(tài)度使誰也不喜歡他。8. After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切準備工作就緒以后， 飛機就飛越美國去了舊金山。1. 3 增加概括詞概括詞是英漢兩種語言所共有的，但有時英語句子中并沒有出現(xiàn)概括詞，而翻譯的時候卻往往可以加入“兩人”、“雙方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此種種”等概括詞，同時省略掉英語中

9、的連接詞。1. Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 與大多數(shù)野生動物一樣，鹿在營養(yǎng)豐富、食物充足的夏秋兩季，繁殖、生長儲存脂肪。 2. The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 這個大廳有四大優(yōu)點：寬敞、明亮、樣式新穎、沒有回聲。試譯：They talked abo

10、ut wage, price and inflation.他們談及工資、物價、通貨膨脹等問題。1. 4 增加副詞有些動詞根據(jù)原文的上下文可以增加適當?shù)母痹~，以確切表示原意。1）As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個沒完。2）The crowds melted away. 人群漸漸地散開了。試譯：She lingered long over his letter.她反反復(fù)復(fù)地回味著他的來信。1. 5增加量詞英語中數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞往往可以直接連用，不用加量詞。而漢語往往要加入量詞。1）A red su

11、n rose slowly from the calm sea. 一輪紅日從平靜的海面冉冉升起。2) Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. 一彎新月漸漸隱沒在朦朧的云層里去了。課內(nèi)練習(xí)1. A stream was winding its way through the valley into the Dadu river. 一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到大渡河去了。2. This was a complicate lie， too. 這也純粹是一派胡言。3. Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他們爭吵了一番

12、。4. Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見。5. The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary. 萬變不離其宗。1. 6增加表達復(fù)數(shù)的詞增加重疊詞表示復(fù)數(shù)1）Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。2）There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排的房子，都是他從來沒有見過的。1.7 增加表達時態(tài)的詞 a強調(diào)某種時間概念1. The old man had taught the b

13、oy to fish and the boy loved him. 原來，是那位老人已經(jīng)教會了孩子捕魚，所以孩子很愛他。2. I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 以前我從未想過，當我發(fā)覺人們認為我無足輕重時，我會感到高興。但這次情況的確如此。b. 強調(diào)時間上的對比1. It was said that his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 聽說，從前他爸爸是個打魚的。

14、他過去也許跟我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。2. I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的獲釋也有他的功勞。對此我過去很感激，現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。2. Syntactical Amplification (從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞)2.1 增補原文中省略的動詞2.2 增補原文比較句中的省略部分2.3 增補原文回答句中的省略部分2.4 增補表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語2. 1 增補原文中省略的動詞Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能，能

15、也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢過度即成愚勇，感情過度即成溺愛，節(jié)儉過度即成貪婪。 A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive. 一個為剝削階級所占有，由剝削階級所組成并為剝削階級服務(wù)的政府是不可能存在下去的。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis

16、Bacon) 讀書足以怡情，足以博采，足以長才2. 2增補原文比較句中的省略部分1) This is true of nations as it is of individuals. 國家是這樣，個人也是這樣。2）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 從別人的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)更好。3）The footman were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人們愿意服侍她，就像他們愿意服侍他們的女主人一樣。2.3 增補原文回答

17、句中的省略部分1）Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is. 這是你的錢包嗎？是我的。2）Dont you want Mr. Smith to be your tutor ? Yes, of course I do. 你不想讓史密斯先生當你的導(dǎo)師嗎？我當然想。2.4 增補表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是最強有力的人也不能改變自然法則I am in charge of the depot, only I. People will hold me responsible but no

18、t you. 只有我一個人負責管理這個倉庫，出了事情別人找我，找不到你。More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially. 如果測試更為徹底，也許一開始就能找出故障。Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed. 準備工作完成不了，那可怎么辦？3. Cultural Amplification (從文化上考慮的增詞)3.1增加比喻的喻意3.2增加背景信息3. 1增加比喻的喻意Every family is said to have at least one sk

19、eleton in the cupboard. 俗話說，衣柜里面藏骷髏，見不得人的事家家有。 Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back. 勸導(dǎo)對他好像水過鴨背似的不起作用。3.2增加背景信息The United States has now set up a loneliness industry. 美國現(xiàn)在已建立了一種為孤獨的人們服務(wù)的社會項目。The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 那個金發(fā)小男孩立刻在胸前劃十字，祈求上帝保佑。4. Rhetorical Amplifi

20、cation （從修辭上考慮）漢語中的語氣助詞很多，如“的” “吧”、“啊” 、“呀” “嘛”、“嗎” 、“啦” 、“了”、 “罷了”、“而已”等等。不同的語氣助詞可以表示不同的含義。在英譯漢時，增加一些恰當?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達英語原文的含義和修辭色彩。另外，為了使譯文更加生動通順，譯者也可以增加無損原意的四字詞組，四字對偶詞組和疊詞。 4.1增加一些恰當?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達英語原文的含義和修辭色彩；4.2增加四字詞組，四字對偶詞組或疊詞。4.1 增加一些恰當?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達英語原文的含義和修辭色彩。 Dont take it seriously. Its only a jok

21、e. 不要認真嘛！這不過是開個玩笑而已。 As I snooze, she talks of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women. 我這邊打著盹，她那里說著女人愛說的一切，什么書籍啦、音樂啦、服裝啦、男人啦、別的女人啦，五花八門，包羅萬象。試譯：1. As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning. 我呢，從一開始就不贊成。2. They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated. 那雙眼睛啊，像海水一樣的藍，令人愉快，毫不沮喪4.2 增