考研班主任2013年英語試題及答案33獲取

1、2013入考SectionIUseofReadthe followingtext.Choosethe bestword(s)foreachnumberedbl on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poandmarkA,B,CorPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when individual s. glance this might seem like a t 1 the ability to judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.

2、 But Dr Uri Simonsohn t2013入考SectionIUseofReadthe followingtext.Choosethe bestword(s)foreachnumberedbl on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 poandmarkA,B,CorPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when individual s. glance this might seem like a t 1 the ability to judgments which are

3、 unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn t an to consider the big 3 was leading -makers to be biased by the daily les information they were working , he t a judge ofappearingtoocrime might be more likely to send someone to prison7 he had already sentenced fiveor six other defendants only to forc

4、ed community service ont day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-s s. In theory, the 9 of an erview during the applicant should not depend on the few randomly day,butDredthetruth.He studied the results of 9,323 by s officers. erviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale

5、14 numerous factors o consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on Graduate Management MAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of s,tomakea onwhethertoaccepthimorDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series swas 0.75 s or more t of

6、 the one t, then the score for the applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 po s. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT po s n would otherwise have been 20 .AABBBCCCCInCCCCCCCCCDDDDAboveDDDD3.AeAForAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBDsDDDDAAAAAAAAAABBBBBB

7、CCCCCCDDDDDDCAAAAAAABBBBBBCCCCCCDDDDDDCPartA Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40ofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylhe 2006filmscoldsher unattractiveassistantfor thigh fashion doesntaffecther.Pri

8、estlyhow the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years fromfashion shows departmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichtheirldoubtlessfoundherThis top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds withthefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,Elizabe

9、thClinesthree-yearindictmentofhe last decade or so, echnology have allowedmass-marketas Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly ipate demand more Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see c

10、lothes as ablemeant to last only wash or two, although they dont advertise By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap pritand to renew their wardrobe every , Cline argues, these brands have hijacked cycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalThe victims of this revolution, of course, are not lim

11、ited to designers. For H&M to offer $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-overseas labor, order in volumeststrainnaturalresour ,and use massiveamountsofOverdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Pollans The Omnivor

12、es Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills ger need,yet isnon-durableandwasteful,” Cline argues.Americans, she finds, buyroughly 20 garments a yearabout 64 items per s leads to waste.and no matter how much they give away, ofOverdressed,roducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedKateBeaumont,

13、whosince 2008 has madeall ofher ownclothesandbeautifully.ButasClinetonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herlecantbeknockedThough several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection lineCline be

14、ves lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisapeoplewillonlystartmoresustainablywhentheycantaffordnot insensitivitytoBwithhighpoorbargaininglackof22.Accordingadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoo

15、dorinenergy.Vanityisapeoplewillonlystartmoresustainablywhentheycantaffordnot insensitivitytoBwithhighpoorbargaininglackof22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersAcombatsaryshopfortheirgarmentsmoreresisttheinfluenceofshutoutthefeverishfashionTheword C(Line3,Para.2)iseaningWhichofthefollowin

16、gcanbeinferredfromthelastVanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinBThefast-fashionindustryCPricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlyDPeopleareerestedinunaffordableWhatisthe subjectoftheSatireonanextravagantChallengetoahigh-fashionCriticismofthefast-fashionDureofamass-marketlf of all advertising budgets are wastedthe

17、 trouble is, no An old saying has knows which ernet heory, this fraction can be much reduced. watching what people searchfor, click onandsayonline,companies canaim “behavioural” adsat those most likely to buy.he past couple ks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of fine-grained inform

18、ation: Should advertisers t people are happy to be tracked and ?behaviouralads?OrshouldtheyhaveexplicitIn December 2010 Americas Federal Trade (FTC) ed adding a “do track”(DNT)option ernetbrowsers,t usersltthey didnottobe ernetExplorerandApplesSafaribothoffer sis due to do so this year. In February

19、the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed t the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May set off the row. It ernet Explorer 10, the due appearwithWindows8,wouldhave DNTasa Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with setting

20、s. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Liodice, the chief executive of the tion of National Advertisers, says consumers will worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their . People settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off.

21、 Liodice, the chief executive of the tion of National Advertisers, says consumers will worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their . People will not fewerads,hesays.“Theyllgetlessmeaningful,edItis not yet clear how advertiserswill respond. Getting aDNT signal does not oblige to

22、stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking withsomemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonl whether s Also unclear is hasgone it alone. After all, s an ad business too, which says will comply with DNT requests

23、, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to , which s almost wholly on advertising, s chosen an indirect method: There is sellingpo “We t DNT by default e the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously forWindows8thoughthefirmhascompared someofits roductss t count before. Brendon s chief priv

24、acy officer, veconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallytsimple?43326.ItggestedinParagrapht“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersAprovidebettereasecompetitionamongavoidsfromlower their operational costs 27.“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto.ernetbrowserBdigitalDonline28.BobLiodice tsettingDNTasamaycut

25、thenumberofjunkfailstoaffectthead willnotbenefitgoesagainsthumanWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphAdvertisersarewillingtoimplementBDNTmaynotserveendedDNTislosingitspopularityamongAdvertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioural30.TheauthorsattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisone ACBDs of

26、 the future were largelythough by no Up until a few decades ago, our itive. Science and technology would cure all illsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfilmentandopportunityforNow utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper tion of the ofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstrike demicfluand tocl

27、imatechange.Youmightevenitive. Science and technology would cure all illsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfilmentandopportunityforNow utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper tion of the ofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstrike demicfluand toclimatechange.Youmighteventemptedtothumanityhas

28、littlefuturetolookforwardBut such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record t many species have for millions of yearsso why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in universe, and es t we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if dreds, of thousands of years. Look upHomo he“

29、RedList” of threatened species ) and youwillread:“Listedas ionfor theConservationofNatureConcern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number o

30、f researchers anisations now thinking seriously t question. For le, the Long Now Foundation has as flagship project a mechanical clock t is designed to still be marking time thousands of Perhapswillfully, itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthy naboutthe immediate future. The potential evolution of tod

31、ays technology, and its l , dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists explore the sibilities we can ts one reason why we have launched Arc, newpublicationdedicatedtothenearBut take a longer view and there is a surprising t we can say with arance.

32、As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of long-term patterns the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-forecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindThis makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be passingf

33、ad.Tobesure,the futureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeable enoughtomany of therisks to come.t threatened the existence of r humans, and to improve the lot of 31. Ourofthefutureusedtobeinspiredourdesireforlivesofourfaithinscienceandourawarenessofpotentialour finequal32.s“RedList”thumanbeingsasustain

34、edtheworldsa threattotheamisplaced33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphAerestinsciencefictionisontheBArchelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalCTechnologyofferssolutionstolDOurimmediatefutureishardto34.Toensurethefutureofind,itisl adoptanoptimisticviewofthedrawonourexperiencefromtheexploreourpl

35、anetsabundantDcurbourambitionto35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefor the ATheEver-brightProspectsofScience,TechnologyandEvolutionoftheHumanyaboutOur34.Toensurethefutureofind,itisl adoptanoptimisticviewofthedrawonourexperiencefromtheexploreourplanetsabundantDcurbourambitionto35.Whichofthefollo

36、wingwouldbethebesttitlefor the ATheEver-brightProspectsofScience,TechnologyandEvolutionoftheHumanyaboutOurOn a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Mondaya modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more matter of the Constitution, th

37、e deci the balance ofwas an 8-0 defeat for the Administrations effort to In Arizona v. United es,the majority overturned three of the four contested s Arizonas controversial plan to have e and enforce federal immigration law. Constitutional principlest Washington alone has theer to “establish a unif

38、orm Rule of Naturalization” t federal laws precede e laws are noncontroversial. Arizona attemptedtofashione tranparalleltotheexistingfederalJusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourtsliberals,t the se flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provi Congress had delib

39、eray “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thussthe majoritytruded on the However, the t would be allowed to verify the legal us people who come in contact with law ts because Congress has ed e immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages e officers shareinformationandcooperatewithfederalTwo of

40、 the three objecting Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona ed with the federal The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of se privileges going back to the An and Sedition Acts.The 8

41、-0 objection Obama turns on what amuel Alito describes in objection as “a shocking assertion of federal se tArizonas ed with forcement priorities, even if e laws d with utes to the letter. In effect, the White House t it could invalidate any legitimatethe borderse titdisagreesers do belong exclusive

42、ly to the federalernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipand is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent es from using their tocheckimmigrationus,it could. It neverdid so.TheAdministrationwas intbecause itdidntwantto carryongresssimmigrationwishes,noeshouldallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejected

43、thisremarkable36.ThreesofArizonasplanwereoverturnedbecauseAdisturbederbalancendifferents BoversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationCdeprivedtheofDcontradictedboththefederalande37.Onwhichofthefollowingdidtheagree,accordingtoParagraphAerventioninimmigration 36.ThreesofArizonasplanwereoverturnedbecau

44、seAdisturbederbalancendifferents BoversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationCdeprivedtheofDcontradictedboththefederalande37.Onwhichofthefollowingdidtheagree,accordingtoParagraphAerventioninimmigration eslegitimateroleinimmigrationesindependencefromfederalimmigration38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphtt

45、henandSeditionstoodinfavorofthesupportedthefederalunderminedtheDviolatedthe39.TheWhiteHouseterofisdependentontheesisestablishedbyfederalCtheldbythe s Drarelygoesagainste 40.Whatcanbe learnedfromthe lastAImmigrationesareusuallydecidedbyBTheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationwantedtostrengthenitsc

46、oordinationwithendedtocheckeroftheBIn the following article, some senten most suitable one from the list A-G to fithave been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose o each of the numbered s. There are two ,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10The l areflourishing.As of 2005, ther

47、e were lf a millionl scientistsfromallheworld, workingbothinsideand outsideacademia.to the World l Science Report 2010, the number of l-science students worldwide swollenbyabout11%everyyearsince Yetthisenormous resourceis notcontributingenoughto todaysglobalchallenges,Humanityhasthe genetically engi

48、neered crops sary agro-technological tools to l fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are so nd prosperity.ger, l: anization and distribution of This is a shamethe community should be the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great l JosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradical

49、innovationreativeToday, the l are largely focused on disciplinary ernalscholarly debates, n on topics with external yses t number of rs including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” increasedWhen lysince2004.l scientists do tackle practical es, their scope is often local: Belgium

50、 erestedheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,forle.AndwhethertheworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisToday, the l are largely focused on disciplinary ernalscholarly debates, n on topics with external yses t number of rs including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” incre

51、asedWhen lysince2004.l scientists do tackle practical es, their scope is often local: Belgium erestedheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,forle.Andwhethertheworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeis(44)Thisisanadequate amountsolongasit isherightl scientists who complain about a lack of funding

52、should not expect more in economicThe trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding have long had a category ed at l scientists. This year, it was tthe system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program tobe enacted in 2014, would ve a category. This has resulted s from l sc

53、ientists. But ention is not to lscience;rather,thecompleteite.t create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global A The idea is to force l scientists egrate their work with other including nd demographic change; food security; marine research and the b

54、io-clean,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecureB The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it to be its main goal. Global challengesand so from scientists, espelly the young ones.l innovation ought to receive ore C It could t we are evolving two communities

55、of l scientists: t discipline-oriented and publishing in highly spe andpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicylizedjournals,and t is problem-DHowever,thenumbersarestill small: in 2010,about 1,600 ofthe100,000so rs published globally included one of these keywords.E These es all have root causes in human be

56、havior: all require behavioral change l innovations,as well as technological development.Stemming climate change, for is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is cleanF Despite these factors, many l scientists seemreluctant to tackle suchproblems. in Europe,

57、some are up in arms over a al to drop a specific funding category l-scienceresearchandegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainableG During the late 1990s, national spending on l and the humanities as a ernment, higher percentage of all research and development funds-non-profit and corporate-varied

58、 from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about Part C Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.（10o .Itistgardensarisefromabasichumanheindividualswhomade the need for creative . There is no t gardens eviden

59、ce irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify t self-is a humanurge;(46) yetwhenone looksat thephotographsof the gardenscreatedby thehomeless,strikes urges,t, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other tofdecorationandcreativeOne of these urges has to d

60、o with creating the need for creative . There is no t gardens evidence irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify t self-is a humanurge;(46) yetwhenone looksat thephotographsof the gardenscreatedby thehomeless,strikes urges,t, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak