大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬卷一（帶答案）

1、大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬卷一（總分：32.00,做題時間:130分鐘）一、單選題（總題數(shù)：30,分?jǐn)?shù)：30.00）.Cash is unlikely to go away soon.Coins and paper 26 remain the most popularways to pay for things in most countries.But in the long term, cash appears to be in a 27 battle with electronic payment methods.There are few comers of the world where

2、electroruc 28 are not growing fasterthan cash.But the movement away from cash is happening in very different ways and at 29 paces around the world. Scandinavian （斯堪的納維亞的）countries are already wellalong the road toward 30 societies.Many banks in Sweden no longer have cash on hand, and consumers can m

3、ake instant transfers directly from their bank accounts.In Kenya, the local mobile phone company Safaricom, not the banks or the government, has pushed the envelope.Safaricom created a system, known as M-Pesa, that allows customers to make payments 31 from their phones.The 32 of moving away from cas

4、h have been trumpeted （鼓吹）by economists likeKenneth Rogoff,who wrote The Curse of Cash, about how paper money enables 33 andtax evasion. But the critics of cash have been met by their own critics, who argue that electronic payments can disenfranchise （錄U奪某人的權(quán)利）poor people who 34 easyaccess to bank a

5、ccounts and the internet and can make it much easier for governments and corporations to monitor a persons every step.In the end, though, the future of money is less likely to be determined by these arguments than to be 35 by the success of technologists making it easier for you to payfor your lunch

6、 or morning coffee without pulling out your wallet.空白處26應(yīng)填無（分?jǐn)?shù):1.00）A.adequatelyB.benefits C.cashless D.crime E.currency V F.democratic G.directly H.disadvantages I.enlightening J.lackK.losingL.shapedM.transactionsN .varying.witnessed解析：空格前面是and paper,后面是動詞remain,通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，paper 和空格處所填詞構(gòu)成名詞短語，與前面的名

7、詞coins一起作句子的主語，因此空格處應(yīng) 填入名詞。上一句提到，現(xiàn)金不太可能很快就被淘汰。本句則指出，硬幣和紙 仍是 輕易獲得銀行賬戶和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而不能使用電子支付，因此被剝奪了權(quán)利，所以此處應(yīng) 選擇含有負(fù)面意義的動詞，故j) lack “沒有，缺乏”為答案。.Cash is unlikely to go away soon.Coins and paper 26 remain the most popularways to pay for things in most countries.But in the long term, cash appears to be in a 27 bat

8、tle with electronic payment methods.There are few comers of the world where electroruc 28 are not growing fasterthan cash.But the movement away from cash is happening in very different ways and at 29 paces around the world. Scandinavian （斯堪的納維亞的）countries are already wellalong the road toward 30 soc

9、ieties.Many banks in Sweden no longer have cash on hand, and consumers can make instant transfers directly from their bank accounts.In Kenya, the local mobile phone company Safaricom, not the banks or the government, has pushed the envelope.Safaricom created a system, known as M-Pesa, that allows cu

10、stomers to make payments 31 from their phones.The 32 of moving away from cash have been trumpeted （鼓吹）by economists likeKenneth Rogoff,who wrote The Curse of Cash, about how paper money enables 33 andtax evasion. But the critics of cash have been met by their own critics, who argue that electronic p

11、ayments can disenfranchise （錄U奪某人的權(quán)利）poor people who 34 easyaccess to bank accounts and the internet and can make it much easier for governments and corporations to monitor a persons every step.In the end, though, the future of money is less likely to be determined by these arguments than to be 35 b

12、y the success of technologists making it easier for you to payfor your lunch or morning coffee without pulling out your wallet.空白處35.應(yīng)填 無（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.adequately B.benefits C.cashless D.crimeE.currency F.democraticG.directlyH.disadvantages （,enlightening J.lackK.losingL.shaped V M.transactionsN .varyi

13、ng .witnessed解析：空格前是to be,后面是by the success of technologists,通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可 知，than前是不定式的被動語態(tài)to be determined by these arguments, than對比的前后 兩個結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該相似，因此空格處應(yīng)填入動詞的過去分詞。本句提到，不過最終，金錢的 未來不太可能由這些爭論決定，而更可能由技術(shù)人員的成功所。由此可知，本句 把決定金錢未來的兩樣事物進行對比，故此處應(yīng)選擇與“決定”意義相近的動詞，所以 L)shaped 決定(某事物的發(fā)展等)”為答案。.The Unfair Stigma Surround

14、ing Millennials and Their MoneyMillennials often get a bad rap (不 公正的 對 待)when it comes to responsibility.Apparently, they change jobs too frequently.They put off marriage.They are busy spending all their money on avocado toast instead of deposits for housing or long term savings.A recent survey of

15、1,037 Americans found less than a third of millennials are contributing to a retirement fund, while another study by Merrill Edge revealed that they are savingtheyre just not saving for retirement.So are millennials really less skilled at managing their money than previous generations? Maybe not.Dec

16、ade after decade, young people have dodged (躲避)the idea of planning for their old age.This reluctance is nothing new.A study from 1998, for example, found that younger baby boomers were saving less for retirement than older baby boomers.Douglas Hershey, director of the Retirement Planning Research L

17、ab at Oklahoma State University, says it has more to do with young people in general than millennials.I dont think theres much difference in how important millennials think retirement is, or their attitudes, from say Boomers when they were in their 20s.More important, he says, are certain psychologi

18、cal characteristics that affect how we save, no matter the age.One factor he points to is future time perspective.Some people think about the future 5 , 10, 20 years out， whereas other people are more present-oriented.Its a pretty stable personality trait.They tend to carry it throughout their lives

19、. He adds that being conscientious and detail-oriented are other good predictors of whether people plan and save for retirement.Even so, he points to more immediate financial concerns for the current generation, like rising house prices and educational costs.Sophia Bera is a 33-year-old financial pl

20、anner based in Austin, Texas and founder of Gen Y Planning who works predominantly with people under 36-year-olds.She finds that millennials are more concerned about aggressively paying off student loan debt than saving for retirement.If they just went to law school or medical school, they say they

21、know they should save for retirement but they really want to get a handle on their student loans first.For millennials, being debt-free is almost like the new American dream, more so than home ownership, because it causes more stress. She says that clients will often decide to pay off debt before ot

22、her priorities, even when it makes more financial sense to put it off.Recent reports that millennials arent saving enough for retirement can also be explained by the way in which millennials have to approach it these days.Making broad statements can be problematic because different countries have di

23、fferent national retirement schemes.Some, like Australia and Switzerland, have compulsory pension schemes where workers are obliged to pay into a retirement account.Others, like the US, have public pay-as-you-go schemes like Social Security that aim to keep retired people out of poverty, bolstered (

24、支撐)by individual retirement accounts with employer contributions.But it is also true that pension systems of decades past, and other safety nets like social security, are under more pressure than ever.One big shift in the past few decades has moved responsibility for retirement saving away from the

25、company and back towards the individual, says Philip Davis, a professor of banking and finance at Brunel University in London and fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.The big shifts for funded schemes are from defined benefit to defined contribution, he says.Meaning that

26、we are moving from the type of fund that would guarantee a certain income from retirement until you die to something that you pay into, where the payout is driven by the market. It is relatively new that people are called upon to plan their own futures in a complex financial planning domain, rather

27、than letting the company take care of things on their behalf, says Hershey, The worker is now in the driver seat, and they need to be making important decisions.With the onus back on the worker to educate themselves, it is not hard to see why some younger people prefer to stick their heads in the sa

28、nd.Not everyone though.Angel Fernandez Amores is a 30-year-old former consultant from Madrid.He says that most people he knows are planning to rely on the public pension system in Spain.Having said that,Spain is not in the best situation.The demography is changing quite a lot and whether this pensio

29、n fund will be sustainable in the long run remains to be seen.The decade-long economic crisis prompted him to learn how to save towards his retirement, and he ultimately decided to buy an investment property in Madrid a couple years ago, when prices were at historic lows.I dont see myself ever livin

30、g there with my family.But its a great investment for a younger person, or in the future, the income could help fund retirement, he says.Perhaps millennials, many of whom lived through the global financial crisis, and have been staying away from investing in shares have more confidence in bricks and

31、 mortar (房產(chǎn))as a source of retirement income.Bera says more of her clients are asking about investment properties, especially those that live in cities with skyrocketing housing costs.Hlnstead of buying their own home, they opt to save for investment in a home elsewhere and take the rental income.Ni

32、cole Wong, a 28-year-old doctor, intends to use rental income during retirement.She is currently living in Brisbane, Australia.She says she has calculated how much money she will need to retire, depending on how long she lives, and that her priority is to buy a house.l also intend to have at least o

33、ne property investment and a share portfolio (投資組合)that will support my retirement. She says many of her friends plan to move somewhere with a lower cost of living when they retire.And still others think they may never need to retire.At least one survey indicated 30% of younger respondents (aged 18

34、-24) dont plan to retire at all.So, who knows, maybe the m川ennials who have already disrupted countless industries may end up reinventing retirement too.Douglas Hershey believes how to perceive retirement may not vary much between m川ennials and young Boomers.無(分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00)A.A)B.B)C.C) VD.D)E.E)F.F)G.G)H

35、.H)l.l)J.J)K.K)L.L)M.M)解析：由題干中的Douglas Hershey和young Boomers定位到原文C)段第二句。定 位句提到，道格拉斯赫爾希認(rèn)為千禧一代對退休的重視程度或其態(tài)度與20多歲時的 嬰兒潮一代并沒有太大的區(qū)別。題干中的perceive、vary和young Boomers分別對應(yīng)定 位句中的 think、difference Boomers when they were in their 20s,故 C)為答案。.The Unfair Stigma Surrounding Millennials and Their MoneyMillennials o

36、ften get a bad rap (不公正的對待)when it comes to responsibility.Apparently, they change jobs too frequently.They put off marriage.They are busy spending all their money on avocado toast instead of deposits for housing or long term savings.A recent survey of 1,037 Americans found less than a third of mill

37、ennials are contributing to a retirement fund, while another study by Merrill Edge revealed that they are savingtheyre just not saving for retirement.So are millennials really less skilled at managing their money than previous generations? Maybe not.Decade after decade, young people have dodged (躲避)

38、the idea of planning for their old age.This reluctance is nothing new.A study from 1998, for example, found that younger baby boomers were saving less for retirement than older baby boomers.Douglas Hershey, director of the Retirement Planning Research Lab at Oklahoma State University, says it has mo

39、re to do with young people in general than millennials.I dont think theres much difference in how important millennials think retirement is, or their attitudes, from say Boomers when they were in their 20s.More important, he says, are certain psychological characteristics that affect how we save, no

40、 matter the age.One factor he points to is future time perspective.Some people think about the future 5 , 10, 20 years out, whereas other people are more present-oriented.Its a pretty stable personality trait.They tend to carry it throughout their lives. He adds that being conscientious and detail-o

41、riented are other good predictors of whether people plan and save for retirement.Even so, he points to more immediate financial concerns for the current generation, like rising house prices and educational costs.Sophia Bera is a 33-year-old financial planner based in Austin, Texas and founder of Gen

42、 Y Planning who works predominantly with people under 36-year-olds.She finds that millennials are more concerned about aggressively paying off student loan debt than saving for retirement.If they just went to law school or medical school, they say they know they should save for retirement but they r

43、eally want to get a handle on their student loans first.For m川ennials, being debt-free is almost like the new American dream, more so than home ownership, because it causes more stress. She says that clients will often decide to pay off debt before other priorities, even when it makes more financial

44、 sense to put it off.Recent reports that millennials arent saving enough for retirement can also be explained by the way in which millennials have to approach it these days.Making broad statements can be problematic because different countries have different national retirement schemes.Some, like Au

45、stralia and Switzerland, have compulsory pension schemes where workers are obliged to pay into a retirement account.Others, like the US, have public pay-as-you-go schemes like Social Security that aim to keep retired people out of poverty, bolstered (支撐)by individual retirement accounts with employe

46、r contributions.But it is also true that pension systems of decades* past, and other safety nets like social security, are under more pressure than ever.One big shift in the past few decades has moved responsibility for retirement saving away from the company and back towards the individual, says Ph

47、ilip Davis, a professor of banking and finance at Brunel University in London and fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.The big shifts for funded schemes are from defined benefit to defined contribution, he says.Meaning that we are moving from the type of fund that would g

48、uarantee a certain income from retirement until you die to something that you pay into, where the payout is driven by the market, It is relatively new that people are called upon to plan their own futures in a complex financial planning domain, rather than letting the company take care of things on

49、their behalf, says Hershey, The worker is now in the driver seat, and they need to be making important decisions.nWith the onus back on the worker to educate themselves, it is not hard to see why some younger people prefer to stick their heads in the sand.Not everyone though.Angel Fernandez Amores i

50、s a 30-year-old former consultant from Madrid.He says that most people he knows are planning to rely on the public pension system in Spain.Having said that,Spain is not in the best situation.The demography is changing quite a lot and whether this pension fund will be sustainable in the long run rema

51、ins to be seen.The decade-long economic crisis prompted him to learn how to save towards his retirement, and he ultimately decided to buy an investment property in Madrid a couple years ago, when prices were at historic lows.I dont see myself ever living there with my family.But its a great investme

52、nt for a younger person, or in the future, the income could help fund retirement, he says.Perhaps millennials, many of whom lived through the global financial crisis, and have been staying away from investing in shares have more confidence in bricks and mortar (房產(chǎn))as a source of retirement income.Be

53、ra says more of her clients are asking about investment properties, especially those that live in cities with skyrocketing housing costs.Instead of buying their own home, they opt to save for investment in a home elsewhere and take the rental income.Nicole Wong, a 28-year-old doctor, intends to use

54、rental income during retirement.She is currently living in Brisbane, Australia.She says she has calculated how much money she will need to retire, depending on how long she lives, and that her priority is to buy a house.I also intend to have at least one property investment and a share portfolio (投資

55、組合)that will support my retirement. She says many of her friends plan to move somewhere with a lower cost of living when they retire.And still others think they may never need to retire.At least one survey indicated 30% of younger respondents (aged 18 -24) dont plan to retire at all.So, who knows, m

56、aybe the millennials who have already disrupted countless industries may end up reinventing retirement too.Although the American retirement scheme is distinct from that of Australia, both of them face the same problem.無(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.A)B.B)C.C)D.D)E.E)F.F)G.G) VH.H)M)JJ)K.K)L.L)M.M)解析：由題干中的American、Aust

57、ralia和the same problem定位到原文G)段。G) 段第一句指出，不同國家擁有不同的國家退休計劃。接下來提到，澳大利亞和瑞士的國 家退休計劃是強制性養(yǎng)老金計劃，勞動者有義務(wù)向退休賬戶注入資金；其他國家，如美 國，是公共現(xiàn)收現(xiàn)付制度，如旨在讓退休人員脫離貧困的社會保障計劃，它由個人退休 賬戶以及雇主的繳費支撐。該段最后一句以but開頭指出過去數(shù)十年的養(yǎng)老金制度和諸 如社會保障之類的其他保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)都面臨著比以往更大的壓力。由此可知，盡管美國和澳 大利亞的國家退休計劃不同，但兩者都面臨著同樣的問題。題干中的both of them face the same problem是對該段最后

58、一句的總結(jié)，故G)為答案。.The Unfair Stigma Surrounding Millennials and Their MoneyMillennials often get a bad rap (不公正的對待)when it comes to responsibility.Apparently, they change jobs too frequently.They put off marriage.They are busy spending all their money on avocado toast instead of deposits for housing or

59、long term savings.A recent survey of 1,037 Americans found less than a third of millennials are contributing to a retirement fund, while another study by Merrill Edge revealed that they are saving一theyre just not saving for retirement.So are millennials really less skilled at managing their money th

60、an previous generations? Maybe not.Decade after decade, young people have dodged (躲避)the idea of planning for their old age.This reluctance is nothing new.A study from 1998, for example, found that younger baby boomers were saving less for retirement than older baby boomers.Douglas Hershey, director