虛擬語氣 考點(diǎn) 精講精練-2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)精講耀東虛擬語氣是通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示，表示說話者的愿望、假設(shè)、懷 疑、猜想或建議，而不表示客觀存在。一、高考常考點(diǎn)(一)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句【典例 1 Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell) me, I could have helped.解析：had toldo根據(jù)主句謂語could have helped可以判斷此句表示與過 去的事實(shí)相反，所以從句謂語用過去完成時。【典例 2】If I (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have beli

2、eved it.解析：hadnt seen0根據(jù)主句謂語wouldnt have believed可以判斷此句表 示與過去的事實(shí)相反，所以從句謂語用過去完成時。【典例 3 We (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.解析：would beo根據(jù)主句中的時間狀語now可知，主句表示與現(xiàn)在的事 實(shí)相反，所以本空填would be?！镜淅?4 Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she(live) there, she wouldnt be able

3、 to see her parents very often.解析:were to live/ should live/ livedo根據(jù)句意可知，表示與將來的事實(shí)可 能相反,所以本空填 were to live/ should live/ livedo【注意】此外這種表示假設(shè)條件的虛擬語氣還可以倒裝，首先將從句中的連 詞if去掉，把句中的were, should, had提到主語之前。【典例 5(單句改錯)Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fa

4、llen since their highest in 2005.It is obvious that it is the efforts people make that make it possible for the environment to become clean. The main focus of effort must be to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions now. In our daily life, we should try to save electricity, water and gas； we should

5、also start recycling. Whats more, if everyone?. (take) public transportation in the future, there 8. (be) less pollution in the air and the environmental problems 9.(improve). I do desire that one day the earth 10.(become) as beautiful as before.答案(一)單句填空wereo根據(jù)句意以及主句的謂語would stay可知，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相 反，從句謂語

6、用動詞的過去時，be動詞常用were。had insisted； (should) go。此句是錯綜虛擬語氣，從句表示與過去 的事實(shí)相反，所以從句謂語用過去完成時；insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求”，后接賓語從 句中的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，形式是“should+動詞原形，should可省略。would be。根據(jù)句意與從句中的謂語won可知，本句表示與將來的事實(shí) 可能相反，所以主句謂語用would be。wouldnt/couldnt have finishedo此句是含蓄條件句，表示與過去事實(shí)相 反，所以本空填 wouldnt/couldnt have finishedogo； wento would

7、 rather+動詞原形表示寧愿現(xiàn)在或?qū)碜瞿呈?，所?第一空用動詞原形；“would rather+從句”表示與將來的愿望可能相反，所以從句 謂語用一般過去時。knewo if only意為“要是就好了”，謂語動詞應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句中 的right now可知，此句表示對現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，所以謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時。(should) be provided。此句是由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，require表示要 求”，與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,形式是“(should) +do”； provide 與evidence構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以此空還應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。had goto wish后面接的賓語

8、從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，從but I failed可知表示 與過去事實(shí)相反，所以此句應(yīng)用過去完成時。could have eateno此處表示與過去的情況相反，主句謂語用could have done,表示“過去本來能夠/本來會的，但實(shí)際情況不是這樣”。is； would haveo此句是由but for引導(dǎo)的含蓄條件句，that后接同位語 從句，指現(xiàn)在的情況，是事實(shí)，所以第一空用一般現(xiàn)在時，而后句表示與現(xiàn)在 的情況相反的虛擬語氣，形式是“would+動詞原形”。was； (should) have。suggest作說明，暗示講時，從句用陳述語 氣,所以第一空填was； suggest作“建議”講時

9、，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用 “should+動詞原形，should可以省略,所以第二空填(should) have。(should) tryo此句是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，suggestion表示建 議”，與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，形式是“(should) +do,0(should) be taken0此句是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，require表示要 求”,與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，形式是“(should) +do”； take與 measures之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以此空還應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。wouldnt have won0根據(jù)句意可知，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用wou

10、ldn,t+ have done形式。would beo此句是錯綜虛擬語氣，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句表 示與現(xiàn)在的情況相反，所以本空填would be。had lockedo根據(jù)句中的could have escaped可知，此句表示與過去事 實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，因此此空表示過去，lock先于could have escaped這一動 作，即表示“過去的過去”，所以此空用過去完成時。If； had been或Had； been。此句是錯綜條件句，從句表示與過去的 事實(shí)相反，所以從句用過去完成時，所以第一空填I(lǐng)f,第二空填had been；如 果把連詞if去掉，應(yīng)把助動詞had放在句首，即第

11、一空填Had,第二空填been。would not be polluted0此句是錯綜條件句，主句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反, 所以用would not+動詞原形”;pollute與the river之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，因此此 句還應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。wouldo本句中主句和if條件從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，可改為 “You would also look nervous if you had so fierce a competition.”然后采用so+ 情態(tài)動詞would+主語”替換主句形式。would have losto此句是由otherwise引導(dǎo)的含蓄條件句，表示與過去 事實(shí)相反，所以本

12、空填would have losto（二）單句改錯.把 hold 改為 held 或在 hold 前力口 should。在It is （about/high） time that 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語用一般過去時或“should+動詞原形”，但should不可省 略。.在answered前加had。wish后接的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句意 可知，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，從句用過去完成時，所以在answered前加had。.把was改為be。insist作“堅(jiān)持要求”講時，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用 “should do”形式，should可以省略；insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為/說”講時，從句不

13、用虛擬 語氣。所以應(yīng)把was改為be。.在should后加have。根據(jù)句意可知，表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒 有做到，所以在should后加have,在省略句中用助動詞have代替完成式。.把第二個is改為be。此句是由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，order意為“命令”, 與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，形式是“（should） +do”，所以此句應(yīng)把 is改為be。.把have been改為be。此句是錯綜條件句，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反, 而主句表示與現(xiàn)在的情況相反，所以應(yīng)把have been改為be。.把be改為have been。此句是含蓄條件句，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，所以 應(yīng)把be改為

14、have been。.把were改為had been。此句是由as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，根據(jù)句意 可知，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，所以從句謂語用過去完成時，所以應(yīng)把were改 為 had been。.把Would改為Should。根據(jù)句意可知，表示與將來的事實(shí)可能相反，應(yīng) 把 Would 改為 Shouldo.把were改為would be。此句是含蓄條件句，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反， 所以應(yīng)把were改為would be。(三)語法填空【語篇解讀】本文講述了由于人類活動導(dǎo)致全球變暖，對此我們應(yīng)采取一些 應(yīng)對措施。wereo wish后接賓語從句，根據(jù)句意可知，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，從 句應(yīng)用一般

15、過去時，所以此空填were。could breatheo if only意為要是就好了，根據(jù)句意可知，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填could breathe。(should) doo suggest表示“建議”，后接賓語從句時應(yīng)用虛擬語氣， 從句謂語用“(should) +動詞原形，should可省略。endedo在as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句中，常用虛擬語氣，根據(jù) 句意可知，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時，所以此空填ended。should be taken 或 was taken0 take 與 measures 之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所 以此空應(yīng)用被動語

16、態(tài)；在It is (about/high) time+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂 語用一般過去時或“should+動詞原形”，但should不可省略。would be destroyed0 destroy與the earth之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，因此此句 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；此句是由。therwise引導(dǎo)的含蓄條件句，根據(jù)句意可知，表示與 現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，所以此處填would be destroyedotakeso此句是由if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，表示將來的概念，從句應(yīng)用一般 現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，所以此空填takes。will beo此句是由if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，表示將來的概念，主句應(yīng)用一般 將來時，所以

17、此空填w川beowill improveo此句是由if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，主句又嵌套了一個由and 引導(dǎo)的并列句；表示將來的概念，主句應(yīng)用一般將來時，所以此空填will improveo(should) becomeo desire意為渴望，后接的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用“(should) do”形式,should可省略。解析：把have改為hado根據(jù)題干中的“would not have fallen”可知主句是 對過去的虛擬，所以從句用“if the governments and scientists had not worked togethe廣與主句保持一致。If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條

18、件句中含有had時，可將if省去， 將had提前到主語之前構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！镜淅?6there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.解析：Were。根據(jù)主句謂語用“would+動詞原形以及句意可知，表示對現(xiàn)在 情況的虛擬,條件句中用一般過去時,將連詞if去掉,那么把were提到主語之前。(二)含蓄條件句有時假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件從句形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過暗含的含蓄條件 with, without, but, but for, but that

19、, or, otherwise 引起的短語或句 子來代替if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。 &with/without/ But for. &現(xiàn)在 &would/could+動詞原形 &過去 &would/could+ have done &【典例 1 Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.解析：wouldn,t have writteno 根據(jù)句中的“without his wartime experiences 可知描述的情況是對過去情況的否認(rèn)猜想，故主句用wouldn

20、t have writteno【典例 2 It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have) nowhere to stay now.解析：would haveo or引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，相當(dāng)于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.呻艮據(jù)句中的 now 口J矢口，是對現(xiàn) 在情況的虛擬，故本空填would have?！镜淅?3 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we(visit) more places of int

21、erest yesterday.解析：would have visitedo根據(jù)句中的時間狀語yesterday可知，此題是對 過去情況的虛擬，前句表示“我們在那個小山村迷路了”這一過去的客觀事實(shí)， otherwise后接的句子是對過去的虛擬，故本空填would have visitedo【典例 4 We (put) Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.解析：would have puto but for相當(dāng)于而thout,可與if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句替 換；由句意可知，與過去事實(shí)相反，故本空填would

22、have put?！镜淅?51People are recycling many things which they (throw) away in the past.解析：would have throwno此句是由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，是一個隱含 的虛擬語氣，in the past相當(dāng)于If they had been in the past,所以此定語從句 應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，故本空填would have thrown?！咀⒁狻縲ithout/ but for.= if it were not for sth/ if it had not been for sth.=

23、 were it not for sth/ had it not been for sth.要不是， 假設(shè)三?！镜淅?(完成句子)If it (要不是)his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.解析：had not been foro根據(jù)從句中的時間狀語the other day可知，從句 表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，主句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，從句謂語應(yīng)用過去完成 時。(三)wish (if only, as if/though)后接從句中的虛擬語氣 &wish (if only, as if/though) &謂語動詞形式 &現(xiàn)在

24、 &一般過去 時 &過去 &過去完成日寺 &將來 &would/could+動詞原形 &1 .wish +賓語從句?！镜淅?11 Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her.解析：dancedo wish后接的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， 從句用一般過去時?！镜淅?2】(單句改錯)I wish I were at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.解析：把were改為had bee

25、n。根據(jù)句意與句中的時間狀語last Tuesday 可知，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句用過去完成時。2.if only +陳述句。常用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“要是就好了”?！癷f only+ 句子”相當(dāng)于“How I wish+ that從句，【典例】（單句改錯）If only he lay quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.解析：把lay改為had lain。根據(jù)語境可知，此句表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望， 因此從句用過去完成時。3.在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句中

26、，常用虛擬語氣?！镜淅?1】（單句改錯）It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I did it?解析：把did改為had done。根據(jù)前一句中的was可知，打破玻璃是過去 發(fā)生的事情，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，所以as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句應(yīng)用過去完 成時?！镜淅?2 Dont handle the vase as if it （be） made of steel.解析：were。根據(jù)語境可知，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛 擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，如果謂語動詞是be動詞，應(yīng)使

27、用wereo【注意】在as計(jì)/as though從句中，有時用陳述語氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那?況往往是可能發(fā)生的或者可能被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。例如：Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if its going to rain!（四）would rather后接從句中的虛擬語氣&would rather&從句謂語動詞形式&現(xiàn)在/將來&一般過去時&過去&過去完成時&【典例】（單句改錯）We would rather our daughter had stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not

28、 a child any longer.解析：去掉hado would rather后接的從句用虛擬語氣，but it is her choice 說明是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故用動詞的一般過去時。（五）should型虛擬語氣.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣一個堅(jiān)持（insist）,二個命令（order, command）,三個要求（demand, request, require）,四個建議（suggest, advise, propose, recommend） 與desire （希望，渴望）等動詞后接的賓語從句中，從句謂語用“（should） do” 形式?！镜淅?1】（單句改錯） Some classm

29、ates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.解析：刪除can或把can改為should。動詞suggest表示建議”，后接的賓 語從句要用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語用“（should） +動詞原形”，所以本句可以 刪除can或把can改為should。【典例 2 Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eyeexam （be） at the age of six months old.解析：（should） be。recommend表示建議”時，后接賓語從句中的謂語 動詞用“should+動詞原

30、形”的形式，should可省略?！咀⒁狻縮uggest作“建議”講時，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should+動詞 原形，should可以省略；suggest作“說明，暗示”講時，從句不用虛擬語氣；insist 作“堅(jiān)持要求”講時，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should do”形式，should可 以省略；insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為/說”講時，從句不用虛擬語氣。.主語從句中的虛擬語氣在主語從句“It is necessary/ important/essential/ strange/ unusual/ natural/ surprising/suggested/ required/ ord

31、ered/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ + that 從 句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句的謂語有時用“（should） do”這樣的虛擬語氣形式?！镜淅浚▎尉涓腻e）In this country it is required that anyone who have recently come here have to pass this kind of test.解析：把第一個have改為has。由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句要用虛擬語氣，而 這個主語從句中又嵌套了一個定語從句，定語從句不能用虛擬語氣；此外定語 從句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與其前的先行詞anyone保持一致，所

32、以定語從句的謂 語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在 order, command； demand, request, requirement； advice, suggestion, recommendation, proposal, plan, idea 等名詞后的表語從 句、同位語從句中，謂語用（should） do形式?！镜淅浚▎尉涓腻e）After my effort, I at last persuaded him into taking my advice that he was operated on at once.解析：把was改為（should）

33、be。advice意為建議”，后接的同位語從句 中用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用should do形式，should可以省略。（六）It is （about/high） time+that 從句”結(jié)構(gòu) < is （about/high） time that從句&從句謂語動詞形式&一般過去 時 &should+動詞原形（should不可省略）&【典例】（單句改錯）Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he do something instead of just talking.解析：把 do 改為 did 或在 do 前力 should。在句型Its

34、 high/about time that 從句”中，從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should do,但should不可省略。二、高考易錯易混點(diǎn)（一）錯綜時間條件句有時條件從句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間有先后之差，這時應(yīng)按各自的動作時 間搭配來調(diào)整相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。【典例 1 If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he would have been able to speak it much better now.解析：把have been改為be。此題是由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。根據(jù)從句的 時間狀語before可知

35、，從句表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,所以從句用過去完成時態(tài)； 根據(jù)主句的時間狀語now可知，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，因此把have been改 為be?！镜淅?2 If we booked a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.解析：在booked前加had。根據(jù)語境可知，這是一個錯綜虛擬條件句。從 句表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，所以從句用過去完成時。(二)虛實(shí)錯綜句所謂“虛實(shí)錯綜句”是指虛擬現(xiàn)象與客觀事實(shí)錯綜交織在一起的句子，這就要 我們細(xì)心判斷哪一處應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，哪一處應(yīng)使用陳述語氣?！镜淅?1 】(單句改錯)I would go

36、 to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.解析：把go改為have gone。這是由but引導(dǎo)的虛實(shí)條件句，根據(jù)句中的 時間狀語last night可知，前一句表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，所以用would+have done”形式；第二個句子陳述過去的事實(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。典例 2(單句改錯)We could face the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?解析：把 face 改為 have faced。句中的but why didnt you te

37、ll me表示過 去的真實(shí)情況；第一個句子表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，是對過去情況的虛擬，故 把 face 改為 have faced o三、鞏固性練習(xí)(一)單句填空，用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。If it(be) not for the climate, I would stay here much longer.If he (insist) that he(go) to work there, everything would be OK now.It (be) cool if I won this contest. I dont think Im good enough, though.Give

38、 it a shot. You never know.We (not finish) the project on time without your timely help.I would rather (go) to work after my graduation, but my father would rather I (go) abroad for further education.The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I (know) whafs going on in my little boys head right n

39、ow.”It is required by law that enough evidence (provide) to prove one is innocent of a crime.Jeff, whafs up? You are not yourself today.Oh, Mom. I really wish I (get) the chance but I failed.Dont be angry with us. We (eat) out with you together, but we were busy with our final reports when you calle

40、d in.But for the fact that China (be) also affected by the global economic crisis, we (have) fewer unemployed workers now.Janes pale face suggested that she (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (have) a medical examination.The teachers suggestion that we (try) once more is a great encouragem

41、ent to us.The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures (take) by the government.Had it not been for my teachers help, I (win) the first place in the English Oral competition.If you had listened to me, we (be) at the party now.They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortu

42、nately, someone (lock) the door.he (be) here yesterday, he would attend the lecture with us today.If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river (not pollute) so seriously now.一Max looks nervous.So you if you had so fierce a competition.It was lucky that little Jack was not at home when the fire broke out； otherwise, he(lose) his