高考英語說明文閱讀專練二

1、高考英語說明文閱讀專練二（帶答案）Some bees seem to be able to choose whether to become a worker or a queen - but thousands of competitors for the throne （王位）are killed in each hive （蜂巢）.About one-fifth of all Melipona beecheii bee larvae （幼蟲）start to develop as queens, but the colony accepts only one. The rest are

2、attacked by strong-jawed workers.Biologists suspected that colonies of this species overproduce queens as an evolutionary strategy to take over other hives. But it now seems that it is simply a result of the “selfishness” of individual larvae, to he detriment of the whole colony, says Caliari Olivei

3、ra at KU Leuven in Belgium.Unlike most bee colonies where workers select one larva to become the only queen by feeding it a special diet, the M. beecheii colony is spending a lot of resources to produce new individuals, and then all they do afterwards is waste those resources and kill the queens. Th

4、is is a very good example of the tragedy of the commons, when a chase fbr personal gain harms society,“ says Caliari Oliveira.In the past, researchers suggested that M. beecheii workers were feeding a chemical called geraniol （香葉醇）to the future queens. Oliveira and his colleagues wondered if the bee

5、s chose so many queens in order to spread the colonys DNA into other hives.To investigate further, they took genetic samples of queens and workers from 25 free -ranging M. beecheii colonies. In the lab, they also gave higher doses of geraniol to more than 600 larvae. To their surprise, they discover

6、ed that extra geraniol didnt affect larval development, so workers werent controlling queen production after all. Genetic analysis revealed that the DNA of each hive remained 100 per cent consistent.The new study settles a bit of a controversy about Melipona bees, says Christoph Grueter at the Unive

7、rsity of Bristol, UK. But it doesnt offer a new explanation for how the larvae decide” to become queens. For me, this is still one of the biggest puzzles in biology.”What does the underlined phrase “to the detriment of mean in Paragraph 3?A. Taking charge of.B. Falling victim to.To test whether peop

8、le choose what they like.To see why babies prefer new toys to old ones.To explain how babies and adults make choices differently.To study if too many choices could create problems for people.What can be learned from the experiments?Babies prefer bright and colorful toys.Babies preference largely aff

9、ects their choices.Babies prefer adults to help them make choices.Babies, previous random choices affect their preference.Why is the new finding important in life?A It entirely changes our styles to choose.It helps us make wise decisions in a consumer culture.It promotes the relationship between adu

10、lts and babies.It helps us understand our unconscious preference for choices.What can be the best title for the text?A. Babies like what they chooseB. Random choices matterC. Too many choices puzzle the adultsD. Preference affects the choice八The argument that human-caused carbon emissions are merely

11、 a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesnt back it up.According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the worlds volcanoes, both on land and undersea, ge

12、nerate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide. Despite the arguments to the contrary, the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than

13、one percent of those generated by todays human activities.Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels, as measured by sampling stations around the world, have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have b

14、een major volcanic eruptions in specific years. If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes-one fbr each eruption/7 says Coby Beck, a journalist writ

15、ing for online environmental news. Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.Furthermore, some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions, like that of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, actually lead to short-term global cooling, not warming, as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ash a

16、nd other particles in the air and stratosphere reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earths atmosphere.Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines Mt. Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of the Earth globally by

17、 some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later.In an interesting twist on the issue, volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions, natural or man-made. Instead, scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe t

18、hat volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continenfs ice sheets from below, just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.According to Paragraph 1, some people argue that.their opinion is supported by sciencevolcanoes generate most of the greenhouse

19、 gaseshuman activities are to blame for greenhouse gasescarbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasingWhat does the underlined word “spikes“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sudden increases. B. Smooth trends.C. Stable regularities. D. Sharp declines.According to this passage, what do the scie

20、ntists believe about volcanic eruptions?They brought about global warming.They actually partly cooled the surface of the Earth.They melted the ice sheets in Antarctic from above.They dominated human emissions in greenhouse effect.The purpose of the passage is pare the results of the studiescontradic

21、t a view held by some peoplepresent new findings for greenhouse phenomenonreport the effects of CO2 in greenhouse phenomenon答案：一、【答案】 二、【答案】 三、【答案】 四、【答案】 五、【答案】 六、【答案】 七、【答案】 八、【答案】 TOC o 1-5 h z .D2.A1.B2.C1. B2. C1. A2. Bl.A2. Bl.B2. Bl.A2. D1 B2. A3. C4. B3. C3. D4. A3. D4. C3. A4. D3. D3. D 4.

22、B3. B 4. BC. Providing support for.D. Causing damage to.Why did the researchers feed extra geraniol to the larvae?A. To test their assumption.B. To simplify their research.C. To apply new techniques.D. To confirm previous findings.What does Christoph Grueter think of the new study?A. It is fruitless

23、.B. It is innovative.C. It is insufficient.D. It is satisfactory.What is the main idea of the text?Some bee colonies adopt effective evolutionary strategies.Some bee colonies have to kill thousands of wannabe queens.Some bee species overproduce queens to conquer other hives.Some bee species rely on

24、a chemical to spread the colonys DNA.Late spring is arguably the best season to visit Amsterdam. The forecast of mild temperatures couldnt be more perfect for biking around the city and exploring the surrounding countryside by trams and buses. Starting in early April, the legendary tulips begin to b

25、loom, which attracts travelers from around the world. The famous Kings Day corrivaled on April 27, is another major draw.Places to VisitVan Gogh MuseumThe Netherlands has birthed many famous artists. None more so than Vincent Van Gogh. Works by the tortured artist are on display at his namesake muse

26、um. If you hope to see “Sunflowers” on your trip to Amsterdam, be sure to buy tickets ahead of time.Anne Frank HouseWidely regarded as Amsterdams most significant attraction, the Anne Frank House invites visitors to learn about the life of the Jewish diarist who hid from the Nazis during WWII throug

27、h a collection of her writing, photos, videos, and personal items. Keep in mind that tickets sell out months in advance.VondelparkLocated in Amsterdam-Zuid, Vondelpark is a sprawling 47-hectare urban green space featuring an open-air theatre, playground, shaded areas, ponds, and cycling paths. When

28、the sun comes out, it instantly becomes a hotspot for afternoon picnics and sunbathing.Canal CruiseNo trip to Amsterdam would be complete without a canal cruise. Its truly the best way to see Venice of the North”. You can purchase tickets on a bigger boat or choose something a bit more intimate and

29、romantic like a private vessel operated by the Pulitzer Amsterdam. Booking early is necessary if you dont want to settle for second best.Who would probably like to visit Anne Frank House?A. Artists.B. History fans.C. Hikers. D. Movie lovers.Which place doesnt need reservation?A. Van Gogh Museum. B.

30、Anne Frank House. C. Vondelpark. D. Canal Cruise.Where is this text most likely from?A. A news report.B. A science magazine.C. A travel brochure.D. A tale book.Mr. Pagano is watching a video of a polar bear swimming after a seal. The seal escapes! The bear meets another bear. They sniff at each othe

31、r and then go separate ways. What makes this video so unusual is that its from the point of view of the polar bear. A camera was previously put around the bears neck by Mr. Paganos research team with the aim to find out what polar bears will need to survive in their changing habitat.According to sci

32、entists, polar bears are endangered because of Earths warming climate, which is shrinking the ice pack that floats on the Arctic Ocean. The ice pack goes through a yearly cycle. In the fall and winter, the ice pack grows southward, stretching toward North America, Asia, and Europe. By the end of win

33、ter, the ice pack lies over shallower waters near land, where seals live. The polar bears hunt along the edge of that ice, eating seals in the spring and early summer before the ice over shallow waters melts. Ifs how the bears fatten up fbr the next winter.In the past few decades, the ice pack has s

34、tarted to grow later in the fall. As a result, it isnt as thick and starts to melt and break up earlier in the spring. That gives the bears less sea ice for hunting and forces some of them to swim farther to move between land and ice habitats. Studies show that, in places where the ice has been brea

35、king up earlier for decades, the number of bears is going down, and their overall health is getting worse. Scientists want to know if bears are still finding enough to eat and how far they have to travel, or swim, to find food.Using the GPS collars, the researchers confirmed that some bears are swim

36、ming long distances. Of 52 bears, 20 took a total of 50 long-distance swims, each one a journey of more than 30 miles. Are the long-distance travels harming their chances for survival? If polar bears are going to survive in the warming Arctic, humans may need to act right now. With the work of scien

37、tists like Mr. Pagano, silver linings will finally cut open the darkness.What probably is Mr. Pagano?A. A climate scientist. B. A zoologist, observer.The video is special because.A. it is made by professional animal researchersNorth PoleC. it is filmed by a camera attached to a polar bear bears9 hab

38、itatsWhat makes polar bears in the Arctic endangered?A. The shrinking shallow waters.C. The long-distance travels for habitats.packs.According to the author, Mr. Paganos research isA. hopefulB. limitedD. questionableC. A GPS engineer. D. An i(B. its aim is to trace bear behaviors iD. it uses hi-tech

39、 GPS to study polarC. A GPS engineer. D. An i(B. its aim is to trace bear behaviors iD. it uses hi-tech GPS to study polarB. The decreasing number of seals.D. The changed yearly cycle of iceC. completeThe use of the natural CO2 technology is replacing hydrofluorocarbons （HFCs）, traditionally used to

40、 cool ice rinks （溜冰場(chǎng)）and proved to damage the earths ozone layer and contribute to global warming. HFCs have a warming impact that is up to four thousand times greater than CO2.“The Olympic Games are first and foremost a sporting event, but with their global visibility, they also provide an importan

41、t platform to showcase sustainable solutions, said Marie Sallois, IOC Director for Sustainability.The use of natural CO2 refrigerants at the Games will help reduce carbon emissions equal to 3, 900 cars per year, cutting them to nearly zero. A similar carbon reduction could be achieved by planting ab

42、out 1.2 million trees. The system also has a cooling efficiency that is 1.2 times higher than the traditional HFC refrigerants, and can maintain a temperature consistency of 0.5 degrees Celsius or less across ice surfaces, making the ice easier to skate on.The carbon dioxide used for the technology

43、is collected and purified from industrial waste gases, while the waste heat generated during the refrigeration process is recycled and used for the stadiums ambient （周圍的）heating, hot water for ice making and melting and showers, and the efficient control of indoor temperature and humidity all year a

44、round. It is estimated to save up to two million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually compared to the traditional HFC systems.Beijing 2022 has committed to staging carbon-neutral Games, and the debut （首次亮相）of the new refrigeration technology is among many ways in which it is reducing the Games car

45、bon footprint. Beijing 2022 will also power all its venues with renewable energy and use fuel-efficient and clean-energy vehicles for all passenger cars.What do we know about HFCs?A. It makes Earth warm.B. It is a new technology.C. Its only used to cool ice rinks.D. It will be used in Olympic Beijin

46、g2022.Whafs the benefit of natural CO2 refrigerants?They can protect 1.2 million trees.They cool more rapidly than traditional ones.They will make carbon emissions zero.They keep the temperature above 0.5 degrees Celsius.How can the natural CO? technology save electricity?A. It purifies its waste ai

47、r.B.It collectsCO2in the openair.C. It controls indoor temperature.D.It makes a good use of thewaste heat.What does the underlined word “staging mean in Paragraph 6?A. Controlling.B.Winning.C. Holding.D.Playing.五When it comes to praising your child for their actions, parents walk a fine line between

48、 being helpful or harmful to their childs development. However, if youve got some rising toddlers in your home that need to learn to brush their teeth, dont worry. Ifs just fine to praise them.“Our study does suggest that praise can be a really positive feature of parenting. Praise wins the gold whe

49、n compared to boring instruction, at least when it comes to dental hygiene. You cant go wrong if you say good job!5 when your child successfully brushes their own teeth,“ said Julia Leonard, an assistant professor of psychology at Yale University.The study followed 81 three-year-olds just learning t

50、o brush their teeth. Parents were required to video their childs tooth-brushing endeavors(嘗試)for 16 nights, hitting record as they handed the brush to their child and pushing stop when they took it back.That allowed researchers to capture all of the parents praise-CWell done! Good job!”- and instruc

51、tional endeavors such as “Brush the backs of your teeth.and Hey, dont stop. Youre not done yet. After uploading the videos, parents were told to score their childs mood (extremely bad to extremely good) and their own stress levels during the nightly endeavor. Those scores ranged from a scale of 0 (e

52、asy-peasy) to 10 (Im pulling all their teeth out now).Interestingly, a childs toothbrushing success was directly related to the level of praise in the parents talk. Children brushed longer on days when their parents used more praise and less instruction. The work is the first to show that parent pra

53、ise relates to child persistence.However, the study could not show a direct cause and effect, only an association, Leonardstressed. We dont know that praise causes kids to brush longer. We just know its associated withmore brushing, she said. More research is needed to see if the studys findings cou

54、ld be applied to other tasks that require a childs persistence.What do we know about praise?A. It has double effects on children.C. It helps children become confident.How did Julia Leonard get data for her research?A. By interviewing parents.C. By sending questionnaires.What can we learn from the fi

55、nding?Praise helps to build a good habit.Over-praising doesnt lead to ideal results.C. Instruction has no effect on toothbrushing.D. The finding is consistent with previous studies.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?B. It makes children more obedient.D. It is popular in children

56、s education.B. By collecting recordings.D. By using online databases.B. The Power of Parents.B. It makes children more obedient.D. It is popular in childrens education.B. By collecting recordings.D. By using online databases.B. The Power of Parents.C The Secret of Building Persistence.D. Parents: Sh

57、ower your child withpraise.六Here are four wonderful hotels and campsites in Europe.Ekies All Senses Resort, Chalkidiki, GreeceThis could be the perfect retreat fbr stressed parents who need spoiling. For a start, its in lovely Greece, but theres no need to take a ferry, as its on the mainland. With

58、a juice bar beside the(heated)pool, open-air spa, calm beach, restaurants or meals on demand, and secret bays to explore by boat, it makes for a super-relaxed break.Doubles from 88, junior suite(sleeps 4)from 138 a night, family suite(sleeps6) from 272B&B, open lateApril-October i-escape Casa Vicent

59、ina, Algarve, PortugalFor a back-to-nature feel, family-run Casa Vicentina in the Algarve is perfect. Built with ecological materials, its in a protected park area on a natural lake. Breakfast is a plentiful buffet-and bikes are supplied free of charge so you can go to the beach or cafes and restaur

60、ants.Accommodation is in brightly decorated rooms or larger suites complete with small kitchens.Rooms from 75 B&B, wonderfulland. ComFairy Chimney Inn, Cappadocia, TurkeyOlder kids will love the fairytale landscape of Cappadocia and the excitement of staying in a cave hotel. The Fairy Chimney Inn us