中考英語復(fù)習(xí)-被動(dòng)語態(tài)講義

1、初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)講義一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義英語語態(tài)只有兩種，即：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的被、由”的句式,如：他的錢包被偷了。這座橋是由他們建造的。英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成：His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2019.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)通過上面的例句，可以看出，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：be +過去分詞+ (by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，可省略)三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用在下面幾種情況：(1)不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：Paper is made from wood.紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。The hous

2、e is quite old. It was built in 1950.這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。He was wounded in the fight.他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。Electricity is used to run machines.電是用來開動(dòng)機(jī)器的。Applications must be returned by the candidates by the end of next week.We will finish all the school projects by the end of the next term.All the school project

3、s will be finished by the end of the next term.Somebody took this picture a while ago.This photo was taken a while ago.The authorities should raise more money for the new church.More money for the new church should be raised by the authorities.They gave us a guided tour of the museum.We were given a

4、 guided tour of the museum.The workers were repairing the roof when the fire started.The roof was being repaired when the fire started.KEYThe lawyer is preparing some important documents for the trial.Some important documents are being prepared for the trial by the lawyer.They are building a new amu

5、sement park in this neighbourhood.A new amusement park is being built in this neighbourhood.The politicians w川 have reached a decision by tomorrow.A decision will have been reached by tomorrow.Millions of people all over the world watch this programme.This programme is watched by millions of people

6、all over the world.They ought to pay the workers more.The workers ought to be paid more.Somebody stole my car from the car park.My car was stolen from the car park.She hasnt watered these plants for over a week.These plants havent been watered for over a week.Joe introduced me to his girlfriend last

7、 week.I was introduced to Joes girlfriend last week.The audience is not listening to the speaker.The speaker is not being listened to.They might invite us to the party, but Im not sure.We might by invited to the party, nut Vm not sure.Candidates must return their applications by the end of next week

8、.Applications must be returned by the candidates by the end of next week.We will finish all the school projects by the end of the next term.All the school projects will be finished by the end of the next term.Somebody took this picture a while ago.This photo was taken a while ago.The authorities sho

9、uld raise more money for the new church.More money for the new church should be raised by the authorities.They gave us a guided tour of the museum.We were given a guided tour of the museum.The workers were repairing the roof when the fire started.The roof was being repaired when the fire started.Som

10、eone will attend to you later.I dont remember Jack giving me the tickets.We must do something before the situation gets out of control.You can hear the music in all sections of the stadium.The company employs 5 people.They are going to buy a new TV set next week.My great grandfather built this house

11、 60 years ago.My sister gave me the key so I could get in.Nobody said anything.A loud noise woke me up last night.How do you prepare such a dish?1 dont like someone lying to me.She solved all her problems.After a while she found out they hadnt told her the truth.The outstanding performance impressed

12、 her.You mustnt put the leftovers back in the fridge.KEYSomeone will attend to you later.You will be attended to later.I dont remember Jack giving me the tickets.I dont remember being given the tickets.We must do something before the situation gets out of control.Something must be done before the si

13、tuation gets out of control.You can hear the music in all sections of the stadium.The music can be heard in all sections of the stadium.The company employs 5 people.5 people are employed by the company.They are going to buy a new TV set next week.A new TV set is going to be bought next week.My great

14、 grandfather built this house 60 years ago.This house was built 60 years ago by my great grandfather.My sister gave me the key so I could get in.I was given the key so I could get in.Nobody said anything.Nothing was said.A loud noise woke me up last nightI was woken up last night by a loud noise.How

15、 do you prepare such a dish?How is such a dish prepared?1 dont like someone lying to me.I dont like being lied to.She solved all her problems.All her problems were solved.After a while she found out they hadnt told her the truth.After a while she found out that she hadnt been told the truth.The outs

16、tanding performance impressed her.She was impressed by the outstanding performance.You mustnt put the leftovers back in the fridge.The leftovers mustnt be put back in the fridge.(2)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)。例如：Calculator can t be used in the maths exam.計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。Books and newspapers in the reading room must not

17、be taken away.閱覽室的 書籍和報(bào)紙不準(zhǔn)帶走。He was awarded first prize in that contest.他在比賽中獲得了第一。(3)為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，防止提到是誰做的這件事。例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例 一般地講，被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時(shí)態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，重點(diǎn)是要掌 握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例如下：L 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài).am/is/are

18、 +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài):was / were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/ are + being +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語

19、態(tài):was / were + being +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will/shall + be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞am / is / are + going to be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be m

20、ended in an hour.6、過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):(l).would/should + be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(2).was/ were +going to be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):have / has + been +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Some new factories have been built i

21、n the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):had + been +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn t know that my watch had been mended .9、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：can/may/must + be + done例如:He can not be found. /1 must be paid for this.五、如何將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1、

22、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出”什么事物是被完成的。例1.主動(dòng)語態(tài):人們說英語。People speak English in many countries.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：英語被說。English is spoken in many countries.例2.主動(dòng)語態(tài):我們?cè)爝@座橋。We built this bridge last year.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year.2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。例L主動(dòng)語態(tài)：小王邀請(qǐng)你（賓語）Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：你（

23、賓語）被邀請(qǐng)。You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.例2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：你不準(zhǔn)帶走雜志（賓語）You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：雜志（賓語）不準(zhǔn)被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.例3.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：他們授給他（賓語）一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢ㄙe語）.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：他（賓語）被授予一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?H

24、e was given a medal for his wonderful work.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢ㄙe語）被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.六、被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)A.熟記結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p . p ）。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同時(shí) 態(tài)是通過be的時(shí)態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + p . p .一般過去時(shí)：was / were + p . p .一般將來時(shí)：shall / will be + p . p .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：h

25、ave / has been + p . p .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + p . p .過去將來時(shí)：should / would be + p . p .含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + p . p .B.被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：.不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換.將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本方法為:將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語;謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閎e +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài);主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞之后。 （有時(shí)

26、by短語可以省略）。.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前；否認(rèn)句是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后 加not;特殊疑問句的語序?yàn)椋阂蓡栐~+ 一般疑問句。D.注意特例將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)特殊情況：.含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要將短語動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體，其后的介 詞或副詞不能省去。.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，而賓語補(bǔ) 足語就成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。.不定式的被動(dòng)

27、結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為t。be +過去分詞。.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動(dòng)句中的疑問代詞改 為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。E .注意區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：）含義不同：被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，重點(diǎn)說明動(dòng)作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作 表語通常用來描寫情景，表達(dá)人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比擬：The window is broken .窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The window is broken by himThe window is broken by himThe window is broken by him子被他打破了。（The

28、window is broken by him子被他打破了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2 ）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時(shí)可以被so , very , too等程度副詞修飾，而被動(dòng)語態(tài) 那么不能用 so , very , too 修飾，而需用 much , very much , so much , too much 修 飾。試比擬：He was very interested in science .他對(duì)科學(xué)有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do .我被那種場(chǎng) 面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動(dòng)

29、語態(tài)）F.牢記（相關(guān)）句型初中教材中與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有：. be covered with 被覆蓋. be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化）be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造. be used for 被用來be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來使用be used to do sth .被用來做某事. It is said that .據(jù)說It is hoped that .希望It is well known that .眾所周知七、幾種特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài).帶不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The child is sure

30、 to be punished for that.那個(gè)孩子肯定會(huì)因?yàn)槟羌率芰P的。.帶介詞的動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Such a thing has never been heard of.這件事前所未聞。.帶副詞的動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The radio has just been turned off.收音機(jī)剛剛被關(guān)上。.當(dāng) sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write 等動(dòng)詞假設(shè)有犬語 well, easily, badly 來 修飾時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。The pen writes well.這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。The book sells well

31、.這本書很暢銷。將以下句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)The lawyer is preparing some important documents for the trial.They are building a new amusement park in this neighbourhood.The politicians will have reached a decision by tomorrow.Millions of people all over the world watch this programme.They ought to pay the workers more.Somebo

32、dy stole my car from the car park.She hasnt watered these plants for over a week.Joe introduced me to his girlfriend last week.The audience is not listening to the speaker.They might invite us to the party, but Im not sure.Candidates must return their applications by the end of next week.We will finish all the school projects by the end of the next term.Somebody took this picture a while ago.The authorities should raise more money for the new church.They gave us a guided tour of the museum.The workers were repairing the roo