高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法《動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)》備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)全方位

1、專(zhuān)題05動(dòng)詞的時(shí)忠與語(yǔ)忠 高考分析I課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只要求高中生掌握常見(jiàn)的10種時(shí)態(tài)用法.以往高考題考查最多的是一般 過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等.未來(lái)高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷仍然會(huì)以最基本的時(shí) 態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）為主;仍會(huì)采用考查時(shí)態(tài)為主,語(yǔ)態(tài)為 輔的原那么.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)概覽:動(dòng)作標(biāo)示 時(shí)間標(biāo)示一般 (Simple)進(jìn)行(Continuous )完成(Perfect)完成進(jìn)行(Perfect continuous )現(xiàn)在(Present)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí) (Present simple)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(Present continuous)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(Present perfect)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

2、(Present perfect continuous)過(guò)去(Past)過(guò)去一般時(shí) (Past simple)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(Past continuous)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(Past perfect)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (Past perfect continuous)將來(lái)(Future)將來(lái)一般時(shí) (Future simple)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(Future continuous)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(Future perfect)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(Future perfect continuous)過(guò)去將來(lái)(Past future)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí) (Past future simple)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) (Past fu

3、ture continuous)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) (Past future perfect)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(Past future perfect continuous)動(dòng)詞work為例,這些時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式.如下表:、一動(dòng)作標(biāo)示時(shí)間標(biāo)示一般(Simple )進(jìn)行 (Continuous)完成(Perfect)完成進(jìn)行(Perfect continuous)現(xiàn)在(Present)work/worksam/is/are workinghas/have workedhas/have been working過(guò)去(Past)workedwas/were workinghad workedhad be

4、en working將來(lái)(Future )will workwill be workingwill have workedwill have been working過(guò)去將來(lái)(Past future )would workwould be workingwould have workedwould have been workingI had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看.（但未能如愿）4.用于某些固定句型中：（l）Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely when 和 No sooner than 句型中，when 和than從句里用一

5、般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，且用倒裝，表示“剛剛就”.Hardly/No sooner had 1 got home when/than the rain poured down. 我剛至I家，大 雨就傾盆而下.（2） It was/had been +一段時(shí)間+ since從句.since從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí).It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們有10年沒(méi)這么高興過(guò)了.（3）That/It/This was the first/second . time +that 從句. that 從句的謂語(yǔ)要 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

6、.It was the third time （that） he had left the key at home.那是他第三次把鑰匙落在家里了.That was the first time that I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考試及格.（十）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行He has been learning Enlish for 6 years.（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)）.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的組合，因此,它既具備現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 特征，又具備現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特征，如:它具備進(jìn)行體的“未完性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩”的特 點(diǎn)It ha

7、s been raining for 3 days.（強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)者“抱怨”的感情色彩）I.單句語(yǔ)法填空（2021 新高考 I 卷）You can t helpwondering how hard it （be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place.（2020 全 國(guó)卷 I ）The unmannedChang，e-4 probe （探測(cè)器）一 the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 一 （touch） down last week in the Sou

8、th Pole-Aitken basin.（2020 全國(guó)卷 III） When he asked thevillagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （傳奇 的）artist, they smiled and （point） down the river.（2020 浙江 7 月高考）New methods（mean） that fewer people worked in farming.（2020 新高考全國(guó)卷 I ）The 80, 000objects collected by Sir Han

9、s Sloane, for example, （form）the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.（2019 全國(guó)卷 H） Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.（2019 全國(guó)卷HI） Our hosts shared manyof their experiences and （recommend） won

10、derful places to eat, shop, and visit.（2019 北京高考）Research on thequestion （suggest） that, for most students, it doesn，t.（2019 浙江 6 月 高考）When every pupilin the school wears the uniform, nobody（have） to worry aboutfashion （時(shí)尚）.（2018 全國(guó)卷 II）The Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture finds that between 2005 when

11、 the government （start） a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons.（2017 全國(guó)卷 H）Later, engineers （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道），which became known as the Tube.（2017 全國(guó)卷HI）Sarah

12、 says, “My dad thinksI should take the offer now. But at the moment, school （come） first. ”（2017 6 月浙江高考）Pahlsson and herhusband （search） the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.（2016 四川高考）However, it stayed with herand learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a ha

13、lf years, the mother （drive） the young panda away.（2015 全國(guó)卷 H）This cycle（go）day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during thenight and are thus always a timely offset （抵消）for the outsidetemperatures.(2014 全國(guó)卷 I ) In 1969, the pollution wasterrible along the Cuyahoga River near C

14、leveland, Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2018 北 京高考 改編)Susan had quit herwell-paid job and(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when Ivisited her last year.(2017 天津高考改編)1 (drive) downto London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2014 北京高考改編)一Hi, let，

15、s go skating.一Sorry, Im busy right now. I(fill) in an application form for anew job.(2018 全國(guó)卷 H) Diets have changed in China一 and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country(grow)more corn than rice.(2018 北 京高考 改編)Chinas high-speedrailways (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few y

16、ears.(2018 江蘇高考 改編)Hopefully in 2025 wewill no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.解析:was 本句意思為“你不禁要問(wèn)，對(duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō),把所有這些石頭放好，是多么困難.”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為was.解析：touched 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，the name wasinspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”局部是對(duì)探月器名稱(chēng)的解釋

17、，可以 看作是插入成分，故可判斷出空格處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,再根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week可 知，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:pointedand連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格處的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)和smiled 一致,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:meant根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)可知,此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析：formed 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in1759可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:declared根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had的時(shí)態(tài)可知,本句表達(dá)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情要用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:recommended根據(jù)and可知所填詞語(yǔ)與前面的shared構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，shared為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填r

18、ecommended.解析：suggests/suggested/has suggested 本句的主語(yǔ)是Research,為單數(shù)名詞,設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式.且此處表示研究 結(jié)果,可以理解為客觀描述這項(xiàng)研究,也可以理解為這項(xiàng)研究是在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，同時(shí)也可 強(qiáng)調(diào)這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響.此處可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填 suggests/suggested/has suggested.解析：has/will have空格前面的從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者一般將來(lái)時(shí).而句子主語(yǔ)nobody是第三個(gè) 人稱(chēng)單數(shù),所以當(dāng)句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人

19、稱(chēng)單數(shù).解析:started根據(jù)破折號(hào)前的內(nèi)容可知，此處說(shuō)的是2005年發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:managed由語(yǔ)境可知，此處講的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去B寸，主語(yǔ)engineers和manage之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填 managed.解析：comes此句是直接引語(yǔ)，陳述客觀事實(shí)，根據(jù)前面句子的謂語(yǔ)可知,動(dòng)詞come應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).解析:searchedbut 后面的turned upnothing”使用了過(guò)去時(shí)，search是與之并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處描述的是 過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為,故要用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:drove此處講過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)且為主動(dòng)形式

20、,故用drive的過(guò)去式drove.解析:goes此處指這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日地不斷持續(xù)下去，由冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀性陳述,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).解析：was 根據(jù)“In 1969, the pollution wasterrible可知，此處表達(dá)的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)是It,因 此此處謂語(yǔ)用was.解析:was working句意：去年我拜訪蘇珊的時(shí)候,她已經(jīng)辭去了那份高薪的工作,正在社區(qū)當(dāng)志愿者.根據(jù)句意可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的時(shí)間 點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).解析:was driving句意：我正開(kāi)車(chē)去倫敦時(shí)，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)走錯(cuò)路了.be doing sth. +

21、 when.是固定句型，表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)突 袋”八、19.19.19.解析：am filling 句意：“嗨，我們?nèi)セ?吧.”“抱歉,我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢.我正在填一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表.”此句表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).19.解析：has grown由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Since 2011可知此處語(yǔ)境表示的是從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).且主語(yǔ)the country是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)名詞，故填has grown.解析：have grown句意：在過(guò)去的幾年，中國(guó)的高鐵已從9 000千米延長(zhǎng)到25 000千米.“during/over/in the past/last

22、+時(shí)間 段”作狀語(yǔ)，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài).解析:will have developed 句意：我們有望在2025年的時(shí)候不再互相發(fā)電子郵件了，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出更方便的電子通訊工 具了. 2025年為將來(lái)的時(shí)間，由by then可知要用將來(lái)完成時(shí).II.單句改錯(cuò)（2021 全國(guó)卷 DFirstly, doing housework washelpful for us to be a responsible person.（2020 全國(guó)卷 iDActually, I start to learnkung fu when I was seven years old, for I have l

23、ong been out of practice.（2019 全國(guó)卷 H）0ne was that I was amazingat the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.（2018 全 國(guó)卷 I ） During my last winterholiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my gra

24、ndparents. I find a big change there.（2018 全國(guó)卷 H）I didn，t realize how rightmy parents are until I entered high school.（2018 全國(guó)卷was Monday morning, andthe writing class had just begin.（2017 全國(guó)卷 I ）Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car,

25、my mind goes blank.（2017 全國(guó)卷 H） When summer came, they willinvite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!（2017 全國(guó)卷III）About one month after thisphoto was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a newmember of the school music club.（2016 全國(guó)卷 II）Some classmates suggest weshould

26、go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.（2016 全國(guó)卷HI）At first, I thought I kneweverything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn，t seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it.（201

27、5 全國(guó)卷 H）Tony was scared and begunto cry.（2015 全國(guó)卷 H）A woman saw him crying andtelling him to wait outside the shop.（2017 全國(guó)卷 III） I had grown not onlyphysically, but also mentally in the past few years.解析:was-is根據(jù)這句話(huà)的意思：“首先，做家務(wù)有助于我們成為一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的人. ”可知這是陳述的客觀事實(shí)，故答案用一般現(xiàn)在式 is.解析：startf started動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“我” 7歲的時(shí)候

28、,即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故答案用一般過(guò)去式started.解析：isf was根據(jù)文章上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，文章時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí),故答案為一般過(guò)去式was.解析：findf found 根據(jù)第一句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)During my last winter holiday可知，此處表達(dá)的是去年寒假中的事情，故第二句中 的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)found.解析：arefwere 根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞didntrealize和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞entered可知,此處表達(dá)的是過(guò)去的 事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)were.解析:beginbegun根據(jù)語(yǔ)境:寫(xiě)作課剛剛已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,再結(jié)合前面的

29、had,說(shuō)明這是 一個(gè)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句子，因此把begin改為begun.解析：goes-went此處講述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析:camef comes此處主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)表示將來(lái),且從句主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故應(yīng)用comes.解析：becomef became 此句中的become和前面的entered是并列謂語(yǔ),形式上應(yīng)保持一致,故become應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析：thoughtf think根據(jù)前面的suggest和后面的does, can still learn可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).解析:tell - told根據(jù)前面兩

30、句的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí).解析：begunf began “was scared與 “begun”是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，由“was scared”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，begin的過(guò)去 式是began, begun是其過(guò)去分詞，所以begun改為began.解析：tellingf told 句子的主語(yǔ)為A woman”，謂語(yǔ)為saw, crying為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),and連接的是兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ),而不是兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足 語(yǔ)，所以telling改為told.解析：hadfhave 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the pastfew years可知，本句應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高考分析_動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷

31、年高考的重點(diǎn),也是高考的必考點(diǎn).高考主要以語(yǔ)法填空、 短文改錯(cuò)等形式對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這一考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查,動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在語(yǔ)法填空和短文 改錯(cuò)中是必考點(diǎn).預(yù)計(jì)2020年高考語(yǔ)態(tài)仍將是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)所在,考 查形式仍以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型為主，很可能會(huì)與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及其他的語(yǔ) 法點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查.語(yǔ)態(tài)分為兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,be為 助動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化.（一）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成（以do為例）現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式am/is/was/will/shallwould/are donewere donebe doneshouldbe done

32、進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeing donewas/werebeing done完成式have/hashadwill/shallwould/been donebeen donehave beendoneshould havebeen done（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身.New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.新西蘭的 葡萄酒品質(zhì)很高,廣銷(xiāo)全世界.特別注意(1)有些及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng) 詞短語(yǔ)有：have有 cost花費(fèi)lack缺少o

33、wn擁有 suit適合hold抓住fit適合 belong to屬于 wish希望suffer from 遭受 take part in 參加 date back to 追溯到(2)不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：happen/take place/occur (to)發(fā)生remain 乘卜break out 爆發(fā) last 持續(xù)come out 出版come up被提出 lose heart失去信心 run out用完.不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.He is recognized as one of the leading early canal

34、 engineers.他被公認(rèn)為早期最杰出的運(yùn)河工程師之一.用在科技文獻(xiàn)或新聞報(bào)道中.Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.這種小汽車(chē)是20世紀(jì)80年代制造的.(三)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut, photograph, peel 等，常與 well, badly, easily, smoothly 等副詞連用,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.The book sells well,這本書(shū)賣(mài)得很好.系動(dòng)詞smell, t

35、aste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng) 形式表示被動(dòng)意義.Her voice sounds beautiful.她的嗓音聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美妙. open, close, lock, move, keep 等動(dòng)詞常與 wont, cant, wouldn，t, hardly, scarcely等連用，及表示“開(kāi)始” “結(jié)束”的動(dòng)詞，如:begin, start, finish, end等，常 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.This drawer won，t lock.這個(gè)抽屜鎖不上.單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)(2020 新 高考卷 II) Readers (enco

36、urage) tocontinue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our FurtherResources section featured in each volume.(2020 全國(guó)卷 II)The artist was sure hewould(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor, s chief minister, the old man laughed.(2019 全國(guó)卷 III) On the last day of ourw

37、eek-long stay, we(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautifulfarm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2018 北京高考改編)A rescue worker riskedhis life saving two tourists who(trap) in the mountains for twodays.(2018 天津高考改編)My washing machine(rep

38、air) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018 江蘇高考改編)1 was sent to thevillage last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.(2017 全國(guó)卷 I )When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017 全國(guó)卷 II) Steam engines (use)to

39、 pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017 全國(guó)卷HDSarah (tell) thatshe could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.(2016 全國(guó)卷 I )So it was a great honour tobe invited backstage at the not-for-profit

40、 Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I (allow) to get up close to these cuteanimals at the 600-acre centre.11.12.(2016 四川 高考)The giant pandaworld.11.12.world.world.(love) by people throughout the(2016 北京高考改編)The students have beenworld.working hard on their lessonsand their effort

41、s(reward) withworking hard on their lessonsand their efforts(reward) with13.13.success in the end.(2016 江蘇高考改編)More efforts, asreported, (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.14.(2015 全國(guó)卷 I )Lots of studies have beenshown that global warming has already become a v

42、ery serious problem.解析：are encouraged句意：我們鼓勵(lì)讀者在每一卷中的進(jìn)一步資源局部的指導(dǎo)下繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界.陳述的一般事實(shí)不受時(shí)間 的限制,故用一般現(xiàn)在式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：be chosen根據(jù)句意可知該句應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而設(shè)空處前為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would,故答案為be chosen.解析：were invited句意：在我們一周逗留的最后一天,我們被邀請(qǐng)參加在北岸一個(gè)美麗的農(nóng)場(chǎng)舉行的私人音樂(lè)會(huì),在星空下聆聽(tīng)音 樂(lè)家的演奏,并與有趣的當(dāng)?shù)厝藭?huì)面.可知表示過(guò)去，因此用過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：had been trapped句意：一位救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩名被困

43、在山里兩天的游客.游客被困發(fā)生在被救之前,表示過(guò)去的 過(guò)去，因此要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：is being repaired句意：我的洗衣機(jī)這周正在被修理,因此我不得不手洗我的衣服.洗衣機(jī)正在被修理,因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài).解析:had been carried句意：上個(gè)月，我被派往這個(gè)村子,去看了看過(guò)去兩年里這個(gè)開(kāi)展計(jì)劃執(zhí)行得怎么樣了. carry out發(fā)生在I was sent之前,所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),且plan與carry out之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去完成 時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：are removed根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和主句時(shí)態(tài)可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)“fat and salt”

44、與remove之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析:were used此處講的是過(guò)去的事情，主語(yǔ)uSteam engines和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：has been told/was told 句意：有人告訴過(guò)薩拉,她可能成為英國(guó)的一名新超模，下一年能掙一百萬(wàn)美元.根據(jù)句意可知,句子謂 語(yǔ)應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再由從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“could be”可知,此處也 可使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：was allowed 根據(jù)空格前一句的時(shí)態(tài)及allow與I之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知,此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).一般體一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):do, doesw

45、ill/shall do一般將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/are going to doam/is/are to do一般過(guò)去時(shí): didam/is/areabout to do一般體一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):do, doeswill/shall do一般將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/are going to doam/is/are to do一般過(guò)去時(shí): didam/is/areabout to do過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)was /were going to dowas/were to dowas/wereabout to do過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)was /were going to dowas/were to dowas/wereabout to

46、do（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是最基本的一種時(shí)態(tài),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式（主語(yǔ)是第三 人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)）.動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的規(guī)那么變化是在動(dòng)詞后加-sh或-es;be的變 化：am, is, are. have 的變化：has, have般情況力口一seateats, rise一一rises以 s, sh, ch, x, o, z力口-esteach-teaches結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞discuss-discusses以輔音字母加y結(jié)變y為iescarry-carries尾的動(dòng)詞flyflies.表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與頻度副詞及表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連 用.例如：.表示肯定的頻度

47、副詞有:always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally 和 often 等.表示否認(rèn)的頻度副詞有:never, seldom和rarely.表示頻度的副詞短語(yǔ)有：once a week, twice a year 和 on alternate days 等.不過(guò),在應(yīng)用上述這些副詞時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.它在句子中的位置通常是:在be動(dòng)詞后、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前.He is always late.他總是遲到.解析：is loved大熊貓為世界各地的人們所喜愛(ài)是個(gè)客觀事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);panda與love之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,

48、所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).故填 is loved.解析：will be rewarded 句意：學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力最終將會(huì)以獲得成功作為回報(bào).根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)該 使用一般將來(lái)時(shí),且動(dòng)詞reward與主語(yǔ)efforts之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將 來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析：去掉beenstudies與show之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).解析:will be made句意:據(jù)報(bào)道，為加快供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，今后幾年將會(huì)付出更多的努力.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是in the years ahead ”在今后 的幾年里”，故使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；efforts與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的

49、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).He always goes to school by bike.他總是騎自行車(chē)上學(xué).上述否認(rèn)副詞不能再與否認(rèn)助動(dòng)詞(如dont等)連用.He doesn，t seldom come late. *(一般不這么說(shuō))He seldom comes late.他幾乎從不遲到.這些副詞一般放在否認(rèn)助動(dòng)詞前,always除外.The history lectures sometimes aren，t interesting.關(guān)于歷史的講座有時(shí)彳艮沒(méi)意 思.His wife complains that he sometimes doesnt 1 isten to her,他的妻子抱怨，說(shuō) 他

50、有時(shí)候不注意聽(tīng)她說(shuō)話(huà).He doesnt always leave before 6 oclock. Sometimes he works until 7 o clock.他并不總是在6點(diǎn)鐘之前下班，有時(shí)他會(huì)工作到7點(diǎn).2.表示主語(yǔ)目前的性質(zhì)、特 征、狀態(tài)或能力等.He is a man of few words.他是一個(gè)少言寡語(yǔ)的人.表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理及自然現(xiàn)象，或用在格言中.The sun rises in the east.Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量.形式：do或does (單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng))意義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀的、普遍性的真理以及經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的事件。(T

51、he Present Simple Tense is used to express a general truth or fact, or an action that occurs regularly or habitually. Generally, Present Simple Tense verb conveys a sense of permanence.)用法圖解例句解釋說(shuō)明客觀真理或事實(shí)對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)真理進(jìn)行陳述，這些 事實(shí)過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)均可能存在The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The earth moves aro

52、und the sun.對(duì)于太陽(yáng)或地球的運(yùn) 轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)律在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在 或?qū)?lái)都是一樣的， 不會(huì)改變經(jīng)常性的重復(fù)活動(dòng) 表示某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)習(xí)慣性(habitually)、 經(jīng)常性(regularly)地發(fā)生1 often spend two hours reading English in the morning.Classes begin at nine in the morning.這兩句都是說(shuō)明一種 日常習(xí)慣性的活動(dòng).在某些特定的場(chǎng)合,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.具體闡述如下：一、用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主要用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句(if和unless)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(when, as soo

53、n as, before和 after等)中,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作.請(qǐng)看例句：Please let me know when he comes back. 他回來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)告訴我.What are you going to do when you leave school?你畢業(yè)以后想要干些什么？I will get everything ready before you come back.你回來(lái)之前我會(huì)把所有的東西都準(zhǔn)備好.上述從句中的動(dòng)作come和see均是將在未來(lái)發(fā)生的，但要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái).不 過(guò)假設(shè)從句的動(dòng)作含有“意愿”的意思，那么從句中可用Will.請(qǐng)看例句：If you will gi

54、ve me a hand with these books, I 11 appreciate it. 如果你愿 意幫我拿這些書(shū),我將非常感激.If they will not accept a check, we shall have to pay in cash, though it would be much trouble for both sides.要是他們不愿意接受支票,我們就只好用現(xiàn)金支付,盡管這樣會(huì)給雙方帶來(lái)不便.二、在談到未來(lái)的計(jì)劃和時(shí)間安排表的時(shí)候,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作此時(shí)句中的動(dòng)詞往往是表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如go, come, leave, start和move等. 請(qǐng)看例句

55、：The train starts at 2 o clock. 火車(chē)兩點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi).We move next week.我們下周搬家.They leave for Shanghai by train tomorrow evening.他們明晚出發(fā)去上海.三、在從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)主句往往用了一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)看例句：I will reward the person who finds my lost kitten.我將酬謝找到我喪失的貓的 人.I will give the booklet to whoever asks for it.誰(shuí)來(lái)索取這個(gè)小冊(cè)子，我就把它 給誰(shuí).（二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)

56、詞的過(guò)去式表示,其規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞變化方法如下表所示:一般情況加-edpack一packed以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為iedcarry-carried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀 閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加-可plan一p lanned以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加一dlike-liked.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),其中包括過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常與表 示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.例如：yesterday 昨天in 2019 在 2019 年the other day 幾天前 . days/years ago 天/年前 once upon a time 從前 the day before yeste

57、rday 前天 last week/month/year上周/上個(gè)月/去年.描述過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作.He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumpeddown from the bed. 他睜開(kāi)眼睛,迅速穿上衣服,并從床上跳了下來(lái).特別注意在before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,假設(shè)表示兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作相繼 發(fā)生,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都用一般過(guò)去時(shí),前一個(gè)動(dòng)作不必用過(guò)去完成時(shí).Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.亨利去華盛頓之前游覽了紐約.有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)

58、間沒(méi)有具體說(shuō)明，但實(shí)際上是“剛才，剛剛”發(fā)生,應(yīng)使用一般過(guò) 去時(shí).如I didnt know.,或I forgot.等表示事先或說(shuō)話(huà)之前不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn) 在道或記得的事情.I didn，t know you were here.我不知道你在這里.(三)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形(1)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)存在的狀態(tài),Shan 一般用于第一人稱(chēng),will可用于各 種人稱(chēng),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.例如：tomorrow 明天in the future 將來(lái)later on后來(lái)before long不久以后；很快next week/month/year下周/下個(gè)月/明年the

59、 day after tomorrow 后天(2)will還可表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定.Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.一All right. I will call him later.杰克遜醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在不在辦公室.好吧,我過(guò)會(huì)給他打 .be going to+動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃、打算將要做某事;還可表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”，即根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事.Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那些烏云.要下雨了.be about to+動(dòng)詞原形/be on the point of+動(dòng)名詞“

60、be about to +動(dòng)詞原形”及“be on the point of +動(dòng)名詞”表示“立即的將來(lái) (immediate future) ”，因此，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示將來(lái)的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以和并 列連詞when(=and at that time)引出的分句連用.The train is about to start.火車(chē)就要開(kāi)了.4. be to+動(dòng)詞原形用法例句表示“按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做的事”They are to meet at the gate of the school.他們將在學(xué)校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面.表示“按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定、命令等應(yīng)該 做某事”，相當(dāng)于should, ough