虛擬語氣語法歸納

1、文檔編碼 : CJ10I3M2I8I5 HI4G3C2R8L9 ZM9Y7J7Q5R10虛擬語氣語法歸納虛擬語氣的使用主要表達(dá)在三個(gè)方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用,以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法；虛擬條件句虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實(shí)條件的一種虛擬假設(shè),所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反或在現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的可能性微?。灰罁?jù)時(shí)間的不同,虛擬條件句可分為三種,即與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句；具體情形請看下表：例句：1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I had enough money now , I would lend it to you. I

2、f I were you , I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him. If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. 2. 表示與過去事實(shí)相反If he had taken your advice , he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake. She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy. If

3、he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.第 1 頁,共 6 頁3. 表示與將來事實(shí)相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more. If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put

4、 off. 1. 虛擬條件句的倒裝在虛擬條件句中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性,或突出說話人的一種主觀愿望,虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)； 有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if, 把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實(shí)現(xiàn)的,句子就可換成以下形式,即“ were / had / should + 主語 ”；如：Had I been= If I had been in that situation with so much money. Should there be = If there should be a droughtWere I a boy, I would join the army. ,

5、 I would not have let the thief escape away , what should we do at that time . Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2. 錯綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)條件從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間并不一樣,這時(shí)謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)依據(jù)它所要表示的具 體時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備；例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years smo

6、othly. If the Party hadn t led the Chinese people to liberate the country still live a life in pain and poverty. 3. 含蓄條件句, things wouldnt be going so , Chinese people would 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情形并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來,而是通過某個(gè)介詞或介詞短語 如： with ,otherwise, without, but for, in that position 、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來；這種句子稱為含蓄條件句；例如：第 2 頁,共

7、 6 頁But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college. I would never mind you making such loud noises, but , you see, my baby is in a deep sleep. It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop. 虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣,表示愿望、建議或命令等；依據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式不同,虛擬語氣可以分為“ should 類

8、” 和 “過去時(shí)態(tài)類 ” ；2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用；“ wish + 賓語從句 ”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,譯為“要是 就好了 ”等；表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動詞用“ would/could + 動詞原形 ”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語動詞用“ had + 過去分 詞”或“ couldshould + have + 過去分詞 ”；如：I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish

9、 I could fly like a bird. 在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest 、advise 、propose 、demand 、require 、insist request 、command 、order 等后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用 should + 動詞原形或是動詞原 形；如：She suggested we shouldleave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用；作表示建議、 要求、命令等的名詞advise 、idea 、order 、d

10、emand 、plan 、proposal 、suggestion 、request 等的表語從句和同位語從句,從句中的謂語動詞用“（should ） + 動詞原形 ”；如：His suggestion that we shouldgo to Shanghai is wonderful. 第 3 頁,共 6 頁My idea is that they shouldpay 100 dollars. （3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用；在主語從句中,謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用 應(yīng)如此等；如：“ should + 動詞原形 ”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示驚奇、不信任、理It is necessaryimportant, n

11、atural, strange, etc.that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity a shame, no wonder, etc.that you should be so careless. It will be desiredsuggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 留意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)；假如說人對這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感,就可用虛擬語氣；反之,假

12、如不表示驚奇等情感,that 從句也可用陳述句語氣；如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用（1）虛擬語氣在 as if/as though、even if/even though 等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中,假如從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去,用過去完成時(shí)；指現(xiàn)在狀況,就用一般過去時(shí)；指將來狀況就用過去將來時(shí)；如：He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. （2）虛擬語氣用于定語從句中；這種從句常用于句型“

13、It is hightime that 中,定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí) be 用were 或 should + 動詞原形,意思是“ 現(xiàn)在 該 ” ；如：It s time that I picked up my daughter.It s high time we were going.（3）虛擬語氣用在 if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中；如：If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. 第 4 頁,共 6 頁（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡潔句中的運(yùn)用；情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),表示說話人虛心、在日常會話中；如：It would

14、be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door. 用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中；如：Would you like a cup of tea. I would rather not tell you. 一、 should 類客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉,常顯現(xiàn)這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用“ should + 動詞原形 ”表達(dá)出來的, should可以省略；其具體運(yùn)用表達(dá)在：1. 在 suggest , order , demand , propose, command, r

15、equest, desire ,insist等表示建議、命令、要求、看法的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣；如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once. The leader ordered that the taskshould be finished as soon as possible. He proposed that we should deal with the problem by the view of development. 2. 與 suggest , order , demand , propose,

16、command, request, desire ,insist 等動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞 suggestion, order , demand , proposal 等后的 表語從句或同位語從句 中要使用虛擬語氣；如：The general sent the order that the battleshould be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy. My proposal is that weshould set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3. 在 It is/was suggested

17、 ordered ,demanded ,proposed ,etc. 結(jié)構(gòu)以及 necessary ,essential, important, strange, natural等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣；如：第 5 頁,共 6 頁Its requested that we should keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life. It is necessary that the badly wounded manshould be treated immediately. 二、過去時(shí)態(tài)類英語中,仍

18、有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子,也要使用虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài) 如：一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等 來表達(dá)的；1. wish , would rather 后的賓語從句；如：He wished he had never been involved in such affairs. I would rather you could teach me again. 2. as if, as though引導(dǎo)的從句；如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened. 3. 由 if only 要是 ,那該多好啊 . 引導(dǎo)的稱