英語幾大從句

1、1.主語從句1）主語從句可直接位于主語的地點(diǎn)，假如從句較長(zhǎng)，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常有的句型有：*Itisafactapityaquestiongoodnewsthat.*Itseemsappearshappenedhasturnedoutthat.*Itisclearimportantlikelypossiblethat.*Itissaidreportedestimatedhasbeenprovedthat.Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.Itseems

2、thattheperformanceisveryuseful.2)what指引的主語從句表示“.的東西時(shí)”，一般不用it作形式主語。Whatwelackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們指引的主語從句，都用陳述語序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.2.賓語從句1）賓語從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that常可省略。介詞后一般接疑問詞指引的賓語從句。inthat(因?yàn)?,excepttha

3、t(除了),butthat(不過）已組成固定搭配，其他介詞后一般不接that指引的賓語從句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.2)賓語從句后若有賓補(bǔ)，要用形式賓語it來取代，而把賓語從句移至

4、賓補(bǔ)以后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，假如謂語能否認(rèn)的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上，賓語從句則變?yōu)橐欢ㄐ问?。Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.3.表語從句表語從句出此刻構(gòu)造為“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等指引外，還可由because,asif(though)等指引。that?？墒÷浴Ｈ缰骶渲髡Z為reason,只好用that指引表語從

5、句，不行用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.3.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.)賓語從句后若有賓補(bǔ)，要用形式賓語it來取代，而把賓語從句移至賓補(bǔ)以后。Hehasmadeitclearth

6、athewouldnotchangehismind.4.同位語從句同位語從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明，一般用連詞that指引，因?yàn)橄刃忻~的意義不一樣，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等指引。常有的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)因?yàn)橹^語較短，將同位語從句位于謂語以后。Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.Ihad

7、noideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.5.定語從句定語從句所修飾的先行詞能夠是名詞或代詞，也能夠是一個(gè)句子。定語從句往常位于先行詞以后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞指引。*限制性定語從句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞以后，無逗號(hào)，若省去，原句意思不完好。指引定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有時(shí)也可指物，相當(dāng)于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人

8、也可指物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了指引定語從句，代替先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,somet

9、hing,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高等修飾時(shí)，只好用關(guān)系代詞that指引從句。ThatisallthatIveheardfromhim.HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷浴ｊP(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語時(shí)不行用that，只可用which或whom指引從句，而且不行省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語從句句末時(shí)，作為介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethi

10、ngswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings(whichthat)wehavetoputupwith.指引定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的構(gòu)造。Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.5.定語從句*非限制性定語從句

11、非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句，起增補(bǔ)說明作用，與主句之間有逗號(hào)分開，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不行用that指引非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系詞不行省略。Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介詞+whichwhomwhose”指引的定語從句“介詞+whichwhomwhose”可指引限制性定語從句，也可指引非限制性定語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswritt

12、enbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.as指引的定語從句as指引的定語從句主要用于“such.as”及“thesame.as”的構(gòu)造中，取代先行詞是人或物的名詞。as指引非限制性定語從句時(shí)，取代整個(gè)主句，從句可位于主句以前、以后或中間。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as取代先行詞problems)Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensheInternet.(as取代主語)ont6.狀語從句*時(shí)間狀語從句指引時(shí)間狀語從句

13、的附屬連詞和詞組有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely).when,nosooner.than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedw

14、ithjoy.*地址狀語從句指引地址狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原由、結(jié)果和目的狀語從句1）指引原由狀語從句的附屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)指引結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so.that,such.that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseissoatt

15、ractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.指引目的狀語從句的連詞有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等神態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*條件和退步狀語從句1）指引條件狀語從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,sup

16、posing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2)指引退步狀語從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,evenif等引導(dǎo)狀語從句可變換成含有as的部分倒裝構(gòu)造，擁有重申意義。其構(gòu)造為“形容詞（副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞）+as+主語+謂語”。Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=thoug