2021年中考英語語法備考訓練11 非謂語動詞

1、學習資料2021 中考英語法備考訓練 11 非謂語動詞非語詞構(gòu)成 ） +動詞原形不定式做主語做賓語功能 :除謂語外的任何的成分做賓語補足語做定語做狀語非謂語動詞構(gòu)成:v-ing動名詞功能:主語、賓語、表語、定語構(gòu)成：v.ing /v.-ed(規(guī)變）分詞功能:表語 、語補足語、定語狀語知 識 清 單動 詞 不 定 式不式to 動原,抓動詞不定式的基本形式是“to + 動原形”，有時可以不帶 to。動詞不定式（或不定式短語）有人稱和數(shù)的變化在子中不能作謂語不定式仍可保留動詞的特點,即可以有自己的賓語和狀.詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短如:to the newspaper, to speak

2、at the meeting等動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、定語 和狀語：句法作用例句作賓語She wanted to borrowed my radioThey began to read and 作狀語 She went to see her grandma last Sunday .He came to give us a yesterday.Lucy asked him to turn off the 作賓語補足語She asked me to more loudlyJim told Ling Fengto go home at

3、。The father made his son study hard。作定語 Have you got anything to ？I had something to this morning .作主語 To learn a foreign language is not easy.注作語用的動詞不定式常常為 it 替，動詞不定式（或短)放在后面例： is not easy learn foreign language. us three days to do the work.動詞不定式的否定形式由“not+詞不定式”構(gòu). 如：Tell him not be late.The police

4、man told boys to play in street.4）不定省去 to 的況 在感動詞 at，listen to 和役動詞 make,have let 等所接的賓語中（不定式做賓語不足語,不定式應(yīng)省去 to。是在被動語態(tài)中不能.如:Let me listen to you sing the song.He watched his son play computer gamesI saw him run away。- was seen run away。The boss workers work the whole night.-The workers were to work th

5、e whole night。5） 動不定式和疑問詞連用動詞不定式可以和疑問詞 what ,which, how, where 等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。如：The question is when start.I dont know where to go He showed me how to use a computer。 to do is big problem三翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow plants important2. It is so nice to hear your 。3。 My dream is to be a pilot.4。 He bega

6、n to read write at the age of 。5. The teacher asked me to speak more 。6. Tom came to see me last night.7. I am glad to see you。8.Have you got anything to say？9。There are many places to see in China.10。I asked him not to open the window.11. I dont know to buy for you.12. I saw him dance。13。 He often

7、helps me clean the room.14. They are too shy to speak English.15。 He was lucky enough his watch16。 I want you to go there together with me.解析：、To grow 做語；2、to hear your voice 做主語3、to be a pilot 作語；4、to read and write 作語5、to speak more loudly 作語補足語；6、to see me 作狀；7、to see you 作語8、to 作語；9、to 作語；10、not

8、 to open the window 作語補足語；11、what to buy 作語；12、dance 作語補足語(省略 to13、clean the room 作語補足(略 to14、to speak English 作語15、to find his watch 作語16、to go there together with me 作賓語補足.二動詞動名詞構(gòu)動名詞的基本形式為“v.+ing常跟動詞詞英語中有一些動詞（短語）后面常跟動名詞作賓語。收 我初中階段常見的有finish,enjoy worth ， be busy ， practice ， fun have trouble / dif

9、ficulty(in）,feel like,be used to(慣于 up，keep on，consider,suggest can help。我們可按下面的口溜記憶一些詞或短語：完成練習值得忙finish,practice，be worth,be busy);續(xù)習慣別放棄（ on,be used to up); 考慮建議不禁想consider，suggest,cant help,feel like);喜歡思念要介意enjoy，miss,mind）.注意含介 to 的固定語在初中階段的英語學習中，學生常常會遇到含有介詞的短語，下列動詞短語中的 to 為介詞其后需要接名詞、代詞或動名詞。mak

10、e(a）contribution(s)to 為做貢獻。devote oneself to 獻，致力于。如：He has devoted himself to disabled people。他一生致力于幫助殘疾人。look forward to 期盼盼望。如：We are so much looking forward to seeing you 我們非常盼望再見到.prefer. 。to更歡。如I prefer walking to cycling.愿意步行，而不愿意騎自行.be used to 習；適。如：She is quite used to working 她習慣努力工作。兩固搭pr

11、efer to do sth。 rather than sth。 prefer doing sth.to doing sth.寧做某件而不愿 做另一件事如I prefer to learn English rather than play the piano on 。 =I learning English to playing the piano on 。在周日，我寧愿學習英語，也不愿去彈鋼琴。need,require，want 后跟定和動名詞的區(qū)別當 ，want 作需”解時，后加動名詞等于后加不定式的被動式。:The window needs cleaning.=The window ne

12、eds to be 。那扇窗戶需要清洗。三分分詞的成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞的本形式為“動詞原+-ing”過去分詞的基本形式是“動 詞原形ed，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。現(xiàn)在分作補不式賓的別我們常見的動詞如 ，watch,notice,hear 等接帶 to 的定式作賓補表已經(jīng)完成了的或常性的 動作接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示動作正在進行。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。(“”這個動作正在進行）I heard him sing in the classroom我聽到他在教室里唱歌了這個動作已經(jīng)結(jié)I saw him goi

13、ng up the stairs我看見他正在上樓上這動作正在進行）I saw him go up the stairs。我看見他上樓了上”這個動作已經(jīng)完)?，F(xiàn)分和去詞區(qū)（1)在語態(tài)上現(xiàn)在分詞表示主意義，過去分詞表示被動意.如：the exploiting class 剝階級the exploited class 被削階級（2在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動.如：the developing country 發(fā)中家the developed country 發(fā)國the rising sun 正在升起的太the risen sun 升起來的太陽 sb.do sth.，have sb./sth。doing sth。和 sth 的區(qū)(1）have sb。do 。為“讓某人做某事” 可用 let,make 代。不定式往往表示一性的具 體動作且調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldiers had the stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著(2)have sb./sth。doing sth.為“讓某物一直做某。have 可用