英文字母及組合發(fā)音規(guī)律

1、常見的字母與字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)則元音字母及元音字母組合拼讀規(guī)則元音字母的發(fā)音（一）元音字母a.重讀開音節(jié)eipaper;late;make;lake;face.重讀閉音節(jié)況bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass（*例外：any一些e&an許多e）.非重讀音節(jié)同或i即：冏_ago_ongaljamong;above;aloudcomrade;village;managerce;privatenecklace*連續(xù)相同的輔音（字母），一般只發(fā)一個音，而且歸屬后一個音節(jié)段。如上的ladder,village.在字母w或wh后面，發(fā)was;wash;what;want;（*例外：water水d:）

2、.a在諸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath組合里，重讀時均發(fā)即：dance;France;chanceask;mask;task;basketclass;grass;glass;（;*例外：mass女）fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;ba（*例外：maths況）（二）元音字母e.重讀開音節(jié)i:me;he;she;these;evening.重讀閉音節(jié)ehen;get;set;tell;echo.非重讀音節(jié)iuseless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;（三）元音字母i或y.重讀開音節(jié)aiChi

3、na;try;my;hi;time;guide;.重讀閉音節(jié)isit;hit;ill;little;system;.非重讀音節(jié)iunit;study（四）元音字母o.重讀開音節(jié)auno;so;go;home;photo;.重讀閉音節(jié)dnot;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;.非重讀音節(jié)apurpose;concern.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均發(fā)八*ay在非重讀音里i或eiSunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday.al+絕大多數(shù)輔音字母d:small;wall;call;；tahalk;walk.或3：lalso;always*al后面是k時

4、，只發(fā)3：al+f或m時，al發(fā)a:half;calm-al在詞尾非重讀(a)lmedal;metal例收卜canal運河，重音在后磔l).-ance在重讀時a:nschance;dance;France在非重讀時ansimportance;performance；ambulance.-ant非重讀antassistant;importantpeasant.-ange一般怛切change;danger;st&ngang*ind).-age一般同3village;carriage;marriage.-ask一般重讀時a:skask;mask;task;basket.-ass一般重讀時a:scla

5、ss;glass;gras但massassl);(*.-ast一般重讀時a:stlast;past;fast;cast-aste一般殳eistwaste;paste;taste.-ath一般a:0atlb;pathB;me(thss0)或a:dfather;rathe但gathejrsd).-au一般3:cause;autumn;Augfisbecaus*3)-augh(t)d(t)caught;taught;daughter(*例外：laughla:f).-aw3:draw;saw;law;awful.a在字母w或wh后面，a發(fā)3was;wash;want;但wwhaatter3;:)(*.

6、-ar重讀音時a:party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star在字母w或音w后面時d:war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter在非重讀音時-abeggar;dollar;solar.-are一般-詡hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent.-air一般殳-eschair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair.-able一般eiblable;cablee;tabble（二）元音字母e的組合.-ea重讀音節(jié)有四個音，分別是下列：eai:team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;ple

7、ase;seaethreat;bread;mea過去式和過去分詞）；peasanteaiareal;reallyeaeigreat;break.-eei:feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see*但是個例外：coffeei.-eeriadeer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer.-er重讀音節(jié)a:her;term;service;Germany非重讀aworker;paper;western;teacher特殊讀法a:clerk.-ere電here;mere-ere或者發(fā)esthere;where.-ear有三種音，分別是：ea

8、raear;dear;near;clear;tear（n.）;beardearafearly;earth;learn;heardeara:heart*tear作為動詞時，發(fā)歸。.-eieieight;weigh;weight-eiaiheight-eii:receive.-ey重讀怛口they;hey;survey-ey重讀i:key-ey非重讀imonkey;donkey;valley;volleyball*-et非重讀itpocket;ticket;rocket.-ew一般3:new;few;knew-ew或者發(fā)u:grew;threw-ew還可以發(fā)ausew.-egeidcollege.

9、-estistbiggest;modest;happiest;.詞尾的-ed在濁音后dlived;studied-ed在清音后tworked;finished-ed在字母t或d后idwanted;needed(三)元音字母i或y的組合.-ie在重讀音節(jié)中，或在輔音字母前，發(fā)i:field;_piecej_achieve-ie在詞尾ailie;die;tie.-igh(t)在重讀音節(jié)ai(t)high;night;light;bright.-ir在重讀音節(jié)a:girl;firm;circle;first;third.-ire在重讀音節(jié)aiafire;tired;hire;retired;wire

10、.-ildaildchild;dwil.-indaindfind;kind;m;inwdind但;w(*indowind).-ing間ikg;wing;sing;doing;making8.-(a)tion(einnation;pronunciation;inform；actioomnposition8.-(a)tion(einnation;-stionJnquestion-sionfn或3mission使命；precisio精密.-ye在詞尾aigood-bye;bye-bye.-ististlist;fist;(四)元音字母o的組合.-oa在重音時auboat;coat;road;goat

11、;toad-oar在重音時d:blackboard;aboard.-oi,-oy在重音時Diboiler;point;join;oilboy;_to上;_Joy;loyal.-oo一般口soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;b*單詞room和其他名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時，常發(fā)短音。如classroomu等等。在字母k或有時在t，d之前時ucook;look;book;took；;foot.-or在重音時d:for;horse;important;morning;born-or在字母w后面work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,”例外，均發(fā)口:

12、)-or在非重音時amonitor;doctor;professor;forget;forwards;forgive;conductor.-oar一般5board;aboard;blackboard.-oor一般d:或在美式英語里發(fā)dadoor;floor-oor還發(fā)uapoor.-ore在重音時d:snore;more;before;foreign;forest.-ou一般心shout;loud;round;found-ou還發(fā)acountry;countrysidouble-ou還發(fā)u:wound;woLrnd.-ough(t)發(fā))(t)ought;brought;bought;fough

13、t;thought(*例外：coughk3f).-oeautoe;hoe;Joe.-oldauldold;hold;cold;told.-ostaustpost;most;h例外卜cosgh)0sls(*).-our在重音時ausour;our;hour;還發(fā)3：four;course;pour還發(fā)uatour;gourd-our在詞尾(非重音)acolour;neighbour;favourite.-ow在重音時aunow;cow;down;how;town-ow在重音或非重音中aulow;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;widow;know;

14、show（五）元音字母u的組合.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均發(fā)也如：full;bull;pull;push;bush字母l,r或j+u構(gòu)成的開音節(jié)，u發(fā)u:ule;uetr;uealun.-ue在詞尾ju:argue;continue.-ui在字母j或r后面時，發(fā)u:fruit;juice-ui在字母b或g后面，或者緊接重音節(jié)后面的一個音節(jié)時發(fā)i如：build;guilty;biscuit（*即就是說字母u不發(fā)音）.-ur在重音時turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse在非重音時asurprise;Saturday-ure在重音時(j)apur

15、ap;manuuej;sureu-tur發(fā)曲picture;future;mixture輔音字母及輔音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則輔音字母一般都發(fā)字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面試列舉如下:.b在一般情況下bbackbig；lab;brotherb和u在一起，u常發(fā)ibiding；build；busy-bt一般tdebt;doubt.c在字母e,i或y前面時scity;Bruce;juice；;fadeicyclecentralc在字母a,o或口或者在輔音字母前kcup;cold;cattle;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在詞尾時也發(fā)k，但后面有e，那還發(fā)sgymnasti

16、ck;_musickgraces;Brucescc在元音字母a,o,u和輔音字母之前koccasion;according;occupy;accl;在元音字母e和i之前ksaccent;successci有時發(fā)Jsocialch有三種音tj或m如下：tJChina;rich;chick;chalkkschool;chemist;chemistry;chemical;ache;technolo；Jmachine;parachute;moustache-tchtjcatch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher-ckkduck;luck;ticket;pocket;black;coc

17、k3.d在一般情況下ddid;made;desk;duck;doubt;damage-ds發(fā)dzbirds;handsdr在元音字母前drdry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般dsbridge;fridge;judge;edge.f在一般情況下f_five;flageaflife;l.g在字母e,i或y前面口即large;general;gymnastics;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get等,gfo發(fā)ejg在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前g_goa匚;game;_guard_;ghost;glass在詞尾也發(fā)gbigj_egg;_fig;fla

18、g吆譏川，即g不發(fā)音foreign;sign;gnaw-gh發(fā)f或-（*既不發(fā)音）-_high；_thought;light;broughtflaugh;cough-dge發(fā)dsbridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在詞首時一般u都不發(fā)音guessjguest;guard;guide而-gue在詞尾發(fā)gleague;colleague.h在一般情況下hhelp;behaveo;heH;hurryh在字母r或x后面不發(fā)音rhino;exhibition.j在一般情況下dsjoy;judge;injure;journey;January;jar;just.k在一

19、般情況下kking;milk;kick;kiss;lock;knockk后面是n時，k不發(fā)音，即kn發(fā)nknock;knee;know;knowledge;在元音字母前發(fā)l（*即“勒”音，供參考）_lightlook_;let;_lab;livel在輔音字母或詞尾時發(fā)l（唧“爾”音，供參考）coldsell;chalk.m在一般情況下mmeet;meat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是bm后面是b時,b不發(fā)音，即-mb發(fā)mcomb;tombclimbbomber.n在一般情況下nin;now;next;ton;nestn在m后面時，n常不發(fā)音，即-mn發(fā)mautumn;col

20、umn但后面有后綴或構(gòu)成合成詞，則n還要發(fā)音的autumnal;columnist-ng常發(fā)由或發(fā)由ng;ing_;English;young發(fā)qgfingeryounger;language-nk常發(fā)q幻tfik;sink;sank;sunk;ink;thank.p在一般情況下pmaPj_cap_；_people;pest-phfphoto;phantom;philosophy;physics;phrase.que在一般情況下kunique;chequequ一般殳發(fā)kwquarter;quick;quilt;quiet;quite;queen.r在元音字母前才發(fā)音r（*即音同“略”供參考）r

21、oomreadjrest;aroundr在輔音字母或詞尾前，一般不發(fā)音car;_star;jarrh在元音字母前只發(fā)rrhyme;rhino;rhetoric.s在詞首和詞尾、清輔音之前或之后，或者在詞尾同時在短元音之后，一般發(fā)s如：see;some;set;sister;works;lips;newspaper;注：一條發(fā)音習(xí)慣，歐美人在發(fā)s音后面的清輔音時，習(xí)慣上把該清輔音發(fā)成相對應(yīng)的濁輔音（而書寫音標(biāo)的時候，還是寫成清輔音），試舉例如下：如：school-音標(biāo)sku：而習(xí)慣念成sgu:l$仃00匕-音標(biāo)$tr而習(xí)慣念成sdri:tstubborn-音標(biāo)sth而習(xí)慣念成sdhnstuden

22、t-音標(biāo)stju:n而環(huán)慣念成sd:jduntspace-音標(biāo)spei_習(xí)慣念成sbeissteal-音標(biāo)st而習(xí)慣念成sdi:l就是這樣，像這樣的單詞還有很多。這里只列舉這么多了。s在兩個元音之間或者在濁輔音和元音之間時，發(fā)z如：these;_nosese;rise_;wisdom;observe詞尾的$在濁輔音或元音之后（即在濁音之后），發(fā)z如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys詞尾的s在長元音之后，發(fā)zhers;jourss還可以發(fā)J_sure;Russiash一般發(fā)山sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fishsch一般情況下skschoo

23、l;s計em)e(sion一般情況下Jntension;succession在元音字母后3ndecision;conclusionsure在元音字母后3ameasure;pleasure16.在一般情況下ttooth；cat;teach;tool;hitcut;let;ten;table;taste;-th一般發(fā)8或回,即發(fā)8thin;tooth;youth;think;thigh發(fā)Athat;with;this;these;those-trtrtry;trust;trip;trouble;tree;street-tionJninformation;organization;pronunciation;production