廣東省艾滋病流行概況及預防控制策略課件

1、廣東省艾滋病流行概況及預防控制策略General HIV/AIDS Epidemic Situation and Prevention Strategy in Guangdong 廣東省艾滋病防治研究所Guangdong Center for Disease Control 王曄Wang YeNovember 20, 2007主要內(nèi)容Major contents流行概況 Epidemic situationHIV流行率監(jiān)測 HIV epidemic monitoring吸毒者人群行為學監(jiān)測Behavior monitoring on drug users問題與挑戰(zhàn) Problems and c

2、hallenges當前我省應采取的預防控制策略 Prevention and control strategies should be taken in our province at present流行概況Epidemic Situation1986年：發(fā)現(xiàn)首例境外HIV感染者；In 1986: the first HIV infected case was found on a non-Guangdong person1990年：首次從出境歸來的本省HIV感染者；In 1990: the first HIV infected case was found on a Guangdong pe

3、rson returning from abroad1996年：首次從本省靜脈吸毒者中檢出HIV感染者：In 1996: the first HIV infected case was tested from a Guangdong injected drug user19861996年：感染例數(shù)雖逐年有所上升，但仍呈較平穩(wěn)的狀態(tài)，年平均上升僅為10.2%，此后報告感染例數(shù)迅速增加：1986-1996: infected cases are rising but still stable with an average rate of 10.2%, after this report the

4、cases increase rapidly2005年：由于開展大篩查而達到高峰，年報告數(shù)為5223例：In 2005: with the investigation reaching the summit, the cases are 5223 reported for this year. 2006年維持平穩(wěn)，當年報告5180例。In 2006: the situation is stable and the reported cases are 5180.流行概況Epidemic Situation2006年底：At the end of 2006:累計報告HIV感染者18207例，Ac

5、cumulated reported HIV infected cases are 18207AIDS病人1641例，死亡677例。AIDS patients are 1641 cases and 677 dead.報告數(shù)居全國第五位。The reported cases ranks No. 5 throughout the nation.據(jù)專家估計，我省到2007年底估計存活的HIV感染者約4.9萬。Experts estimate that the living HIV infected persons are about 49,000 by end of 2008 in Guangdon

6、g.廣東省累計報告HIV感染者地區(qū)分布（2006.12)Distribution of Accumulated HIV/AIDS Cases in Guangdong (Dec. 2006)性別分布Gender distribution男性：15203例，占83.5；Male女性： 3004例，占16.5。 Female廣東省19862006年HIV感染者性別分布Distribution of Accumulated HIV/AIDS Cases in Guangdong (1986- 2006)年齡分布Age distribution年齡不詳： 4797例，占26.3Unknown年齡清楚：

7、13410例，占63.7Known傳播途徑分布Spread channels distribution傳播途徑不詳：7030例，占38.6Unknown傳播途徑清楚：11177例；占61.4 Known目前我省HIV/AIDS流行特點Current HIV/AIDS Epidemic characteristics in Guangdong全省21個市均出現(xiàn)HIV流行，珠江三角洲地區(qū)仍是流行最嚴重的地區(qū)，但HIV傳播正從珠江三角洲向兩翼漫延，疫情呈全省低流行，局部高流行態(tài)勢；All 21 cities have epidemics. Pan-pearl Delta is still the m

8、ost serious area with a tendency spreading to both wings. The epidemic appears as low throughout the province and high in some cities.吸毒人群仍是HIV感染的最主要人群，但經(jīng)性途徑感染者逐年增加，女性感染者和母嬰傳播明顯增多。HIV正從高危人群向一般人群擴散；Drug users are still the major group infected with HIV. There is an increasing tendency by means of sex

9、ual transmission. The infections of female and mother-to-child transmission has an obvious increase.只有個別通過既往賣血、輸血或血液制品感染，近幾年無明顯變化；Only several cases infected with blood selling and transfusion and blood products and there is no obvious change in recent years.男男同性戀者中的HIV感染情況有待進一步查明。The infection situ

10、ation among MSM is pending for further investigation. HIV流行率監(jiān)測 HIV Epidemic Monitoring1992年開始建立監(jiān)測哨點，到2007年全省在21個市共設立：Monitoring stations have been established since 1992. Up to 2007, in 21 cities there are: I類哨點64個；Stations of Category III類哨點194個；Stations of Category II針對性病門診就診者、暗娼和青年學生的綜合哨點5個。5 Com

11、prehensive stations for sexual diseases, prostitutes and young students.性病門診就診者監(jiān)測Monitoring on incoming patients at the sexual disease clinics HIV感染率從1997年的0.03升至2006年的0.20；HIV infected rate increased from 0.03% in 1997 to 0.20% in 2006陽性哨點比例從1998年的10（1/10）升至2006年的56（9/16）。 HIV positive stations inc

12、reased from 10% in 1998 (1/10) to 56% in 2006 (9/16)2006年最高為0.79。 The highest is 0.79% in 2006暗娼監(jiān)測Monitoring on prostitution1998年首次檢出HIV感染者（0.14），但一直維持在較低的感染率；The first cases were tested in 1998 (0.14%) but keeping a low rate.2006年檢出率為0.53。 The tested rate for 2006 is 0.53%.孕產(chǎn)婦監(jiān)測Monitoring on pregna

13、nt women孕產(chǎn)婦的兩個點除2002年檢出一例HIV感染者外，其他時間還未檢出。 At the two stations for pregnant women, only one case was found in 2002 and there is no report afterwards. 高危人群行為學監(jiān)測吸毒行為 Monitoring on behavior of high risk population drug use高危人群行為學監(jiān)測安全套使用Monitoring on behavior of high risk population usage of condoms社區(qū)中的

14、干預Interventions in community針具交換Injection needles exchange問題與挑戰(zhàn)Problems and challenges 基層政府部門對艾滋病防治工作認識不足 Insufficient awareness on HIV/AIDS prevention of government departments at grassroots level對艾滋病防治工作的嚴重性、緊迫性和嚴峻性認識不足，沒有充分認識到艾滋病流行對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、社會穩(wěn)定造成的危害；Insufficient awareness on the seriousness, urgency

15、 and rigorousness of HIV/AIDS prevention work; insufficient awareness of the dangers of HIV/AIDS epidemic to the economy development and social stability沒有認識到艾滋病防治是一項復雜的社會系統(tǒng)工程，仍片面認為艾滋病防治工作是衛(wèi)生部門的事情，未能真正形成多部門積極主動參與艾滋病防治的局面。 Insufficient awareness on the problem that HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment i

16、s a complicated social systematic project; still consider it as a matter of health departments; active involvement of multi-departments has not yet been established.問題與挑戰(zhàn)Problems and challenges 宣傳教育不夠深入 Insufficient publicity and education新聞傳媒宣傳的頻率和覆蓋面還不夠，尤其是省和一些市級的電視臺，未能履行免費播放預防艾滋病性病的公益廣告;Insuffici

17、ent frequency and coverage of media, especially on TV programs at provincial and city level; no free welfare advertisement on HIV/AIDS prevention一些系統(tǒng)和單位沒有把艾滋病防治宣傳工作作為自身的職責，沒有開展相應的活動; Some departments dont regard the work of HIV/AIDS prevention as their responsibilities and havent carried out relevan

18、t activities. 禁毒和艾滋病的公益廣告很少在電視臺播出Seldom see any welfare advertisement on drug prevention and HIV/AIDS prevention on TV programscooperationInterventionPAFIII ProgramSurveillanceCooperation問題與挑戰(zhàn)Problems and challenges 干預措施覆蓋面不足，質(zhì)量有待提高 Insufficient coverage of interventions and the quality of intervent

19、ions to be improved因此安全套推廣、針具交換等具體干預工作進展緩慢，覆蓋面不足。Slow progress of interventions about condoms promotion and injected needles exchange如2007年全省安全套推廣材覆蓋19個地市59個縣區(qū)的3009個場所，發(fā)放安全套60多萬只；In 2007, the coverage of condoms promotion is only 19 prefecture cities and 59 county level cities and 3009 closed settin

20、gs and the distribution of condoms is just over 600,000.針具交換才覆蓋5個地市131個點，發(fā)放針具15萬多只；The coverage of injected needles exchange is only 5 prefecture cities, 131 stations and the distribution of injected needles is just over 150,000.美沙酮替代治療門診雖然已開診33個，但維持治療的人數(shù)不足4000人，只占社區(qū)吸毒者很少的比例。Although 33 methadone su

21、bstitute treatment clinics are open, the treated number is less 4000, accounting for a very tiny proportion among drug users in community.問題與挑戰(zhàn)Problems and challenges 防治力量薄弱Weak capacity in prevention and treatment省、市、縣（區(qū)）三級艾辦至今沒有專職人員；Up to now there is still no professional staff in Disease Control

22、 Center (CDC) at the levels of province, city and county(district).21個地級市疾病預防控制中心只有7個設立艾滋病防治科室，121個縣（區(qū)）除深圳市的2個區(qū)和佛山的三水市外，目前都沒有艾滋病防治的專們科室；Among 21 CDCs at the level of prefectural city, there are only 7 CDCs with HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Office. Among 121 counties (districts), except for 2 di

23、stricts and Sanshui City of Foshan, there is no special office for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment up to now.省疾控中心艾滋病防治研究所也只有12人正式職工；Even in the Research Institute of CDC at the provincial level, there are only 12 regular staff. 而云南、新疆、河南、廣西、貴州等省衛(wèi)生行政部門都已成立了有專職人員的艾防機構（其中云南15人），云南、廣西、河南、新疆、四川、山東等省級疾

24、控中心的艾滋病防治科人員均在30人以上（云南50人、廣西、新疆、四川、山東在35人以上）While the Health Departments of Yunnan, Xinjiang, Henan, Guangxi, Guizhou have established special organs on HIV/AIDS prevention (Yunnan has 15 staff); the HIV/AIDS Prevention Offices of the CDCs at the provincial level in Yunnan, Guangxi, Henan, Xinjiang,

25、 Sichuan and Shandong all have above 30 staff (50 staff in Yunnan and above 35 staff in Guangxi, Xinjiang, Sichuan and Shandong).問題與挑戰(zhàn)Problems and challenges 流行因素廣泛存在Epidemic factors widely exist吸毒行為屢禁不絕，人數(shù)高居不下，新型毒品不斷出現(xiàn)，范圍不斷擴大；Drug use is difficult to stop; the number of drug users keeps high; new t

26、ypes of drugs come out continuously;共用注射器吸毒的比例居高不下；The proportion of injected drug uses sharing needles keeps high;賣淫嫖娼活動屢禁不止；雖然調(diào)查表明暗娼安全套使用率較高，但性病發(fā)病率居高不下；Prostitution is difficult to stop; although investigation shows that the usage frequency of condoms keeps high, the incidence of sexual diseases s

27、till keeps high;改革開放后人們的性觀念發(fā)生了變化，非婚性行為和一夜情等多性伴的現(xiàn)象不斷增多。After reforming and opening up, most people have a change in their attitudes towards sex, sexual behaviors with non-spouses and one-night stands increase.當前我省應采取的預防控制策略 Prevention and Control Strategies should be taken in our Province加大政府投入 Increase governmental inputs加強多部門的合作，建立健全防治工作責任制 Strengthen cooperation among var