PT入職培訓(xùn)3解剖學(xué)與人體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)課件

1、Chapter 3Anatomy and Kinesiology解剖學(xué)和人體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)Ch 3 - 1/20101Chapter 3Anatomy and KinesiolAnatomical Position解剖學(xué)位置Ch 3 - 1/20102Anatomical Position解剖學(xué)位置Ch 3 矢狀面 Sagittal 冠狀面 Frontal 水平面 HorizontalCh 3 - 1/20103矢狀面 Sagittal 冠狀面 Frontal General Joint Action Terms常用關(guān)節(jié)動(dòng)作術(shù)語(yǔ)屈曲關(guān)節(jié)角度變小 (多數(shù)屈曲動(dòng)作是向前的 除了膝關(guān)節(jié)) Flexionch

2、aracterized by the joint angle diminishing (most flexion movements are forwards, except for the knee joint)伸展屈曲的相反動(dòng)作; 關(guān)節(jié)角度增大 Extensionreturn from flexion; joint angle increases外展遠(yuǎn)離身體中心線的運(yùn)動(dòng) Abductionmovement away from the midline of the body內(nèi)收接近身體中心線的運(yùn)動(dòng) Adductionmovement toward the midline of the bod

3、y旋轉(zhuǎn)繞軸的運(yùn)動(dòng) Rotationmovement around an axis環(huán)旋環(huán)繞 360的運(yùn)動(dòng) Circumductionmovement in a 360 circleCh 3 - 1/20104General Joint Action Terms常用關(guān)Shoulder (Gleno-humeral) Joint Actions肩關(guān)節(jié)動(dòng)作(淺窩肱骨) 1. 肩屈曲 Shoulder Flexion2. 肩伸展 Shoulder Extension3. 肩外展 Shoulder Abduction4. 肩內(nèi)收 Shoulder Adduction5. 肩水平內(nèi)收 (或屈曲) Shoul

4、der Horizontal Adduction (or Flexion)6. 肩水平外展 (或伸展) Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (or Extension)7. 肩內(nèi)旋 Shoulder Internal Rotation8. 肩外旋 Shoulder External Rotation9. 肩環(huán)旋 Shoulder CircumductionCh 3 - 1/20105Shoulder (Gleno-humeral) JoinShoulder Girdle (Scapular) Actions肩胛動(dòng)作肩胛上提 Scapular Elevation肩胛下壓

5、Scapular Depression肩胛縮回 Scapular Retraction (內(nèi)收) (Adduction)肩胛前引 Scapular Protraction (外展) (Abduction)肩胛上旋 Scapular Upward Rotation肩胛下旋 Scapular DownwardRotation肩胛上斜 Scapular Upward Tilt肩胛下斜 Scapular Reduction ofUpward TiltCh 3 - 1/20106Shoulder Girdle (Scapular) ActPT入職培訓(xùn)3解剖學(xué)與人體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)課件PT入職培訓(xùn)3解剖學(xué)與人體運(yùn)動(dòng)

6、學(xué)課件 The Spine脊柱Flexion屈曲Extension伸展Rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)Lateral Flexion側(cè)屈Cervical 頸椎Thoracic 胸椎Lumba 腰椎Sacrum 骶骨；薦骨Coccyx 尾骨Ch 3 - 1/20109 The Spine脊柱Flexion屈曲Ch 3 Pelvis骨盆* Anterior pelvic tilt骨盆前傾* Posterior pelvic tilt骨盆后傾* Lateral pelvic tilt骨盆側(cè)傾Hip Joint髖關(guān)節(jié)1. Hip flexion髖屈曲2. Hip extension髖伸展3. Hip abduct

7、ion髖外展4. Hip adduction款內(nèi)收5. Hip horizontal adduction(flexion) 髖水平內(nèi)收（屈曲）6. Hip horizontal abduction(extension) 髖水平外展（伸展）7. Hip internal rotation 髖內(nèi)旋8. Hip external rotation髖外旋9. Hip circumduction髖環(huán)旋Ch 3 - 1/201010Pelvis骨盆* Anterior pelvic tiKnee Joint膝關(guān)節(jié)* Flexion屈曲* Extension伸展Ch 3 - 1/201011Knee Joi

8、nt膝關(guān)節(jié)* Flexion屈曲* Ankle Joint踝關(guān)節(jié)Dorsiflexion 足背屈Plantarflexion 足跖屈Eversion 外翻Inversion 內(nèi)翻Ch 3 - 1/201012Ankle Joint踝關(guān)節(jié)DorsiflexionCh Six (6) Major Upper Body Muscle Groups:6組上身主要的肌肉群：1. Bicepselbow flexion肱二頭?。褐馇?. Tricepselbow extension肱三頭?。褐馍煺笴h 3 - 1/201013Six (6) Major Upper Body MuscBiceps Bra

9、chii肱二頭肌 * elbow flexion肘屈曲Ch 3 - 1/201014Biceps Brachii肱二頭肌 * elbowTriceps Brachii肱三頭肌 * elbow extension肘伸展Ch 3 - 1/201015Triceps Brachii肱三頭肌 * elboUpper Body Muscle Groups, contd上半身肌肉群三角肌：肩屈曲, 肩外展 (前和中間部分) Deltoids: shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction (anterior and medial portions)闊背?。?肩伸展肩內(nèi)收 Lat

10、issimus Dorsi: shoulder extension, shoulder adductionCh 3 - 1/201016Upper Body Muscle Groups, contDeltoids三角肌(前和中) (anterior and medial) * 肩屈曲 Shoulder Flexion * 肩外展 Shoulder AbductionCh 3 - 1/201017Deltoids三角肌(前和中) (anterior anLatissimus Dorsi闊背肌 * 肩伸展 Shoulder Extension * 肩內(nèi)收 Shoulder AdductionCh

11、3 - 1/201018Latissimus Dorsi闊背肌 * 肩伸展Upper Body Muscle Groups, contd胸大肌: 肩水平內(nèi)收, 肩屈曲 (鎖骨的), 肩內(nèi)收和伸展 (胸骨的) Pectoralis Major: shoulder horizontal adduction, shoulder flexion (clavicular), shoulder adduction and extension (sternal)中斜方肌，菱形肌，后三角?。杭珉慰s回，肩胛水平外展 Mid-Trapezius, Rhomboids, and Posterior Deltoid:

12、 scapular retraction, shoulder horizontal abductionCh 3 - 1/201019Upper Body Muscle Groups, contPectoralis Major 胸大肌 * 肩水平內(nèi)收 Shoulder Horizontal Adduction * 鎖骨部分: 肩屈曲 Clavicular Portion: shoulder flexion * 胸骨部分: 肩內(nèi)收和肩伸展 Sternal Portion: shoulder adduction and shoulder extensionCh 3 - 1/201020Pectora

13、lis Major 胸大肌 * 肩水平內(nèi)收中斜方肌 和菱形肌 * 肩胛 縮回Posterior Deltoid后三角肌*肩水平外展RhomboidsMid-TrapeziusCh 3 - 1/201021中斜方肌 和菱形肌 Posterior Deltoid后三角Upper Body Muscle Groups, contdScapular protractors:肩胛前引Serratus Anterior前鋸肌Pectoralis Minor (also responsible for scapular depression胸小?。珉蜗聣海?Ch 3 - 1/201022Upper Bod

14、y Muscle Groups, contSerratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor前鋸肌 胸小肌 * scapular protraction * scapular protraction肩胛前引 肩胛前引 * scapular depression 肩胛下壓Ch 3 - 1/201023Serratus Anterior Other Upper Body Muscles其他上半身肌肉群Rotator Cuff Muscles:肩袖肌群（肌腱套肌肉群） : * Subscapularis肩胛下肌: shoulder internal rotation肩內(nèi)旋 * In

15、fraspinatus and Teres Minor岡下肌和小圓肌: shoulder external rotation肩外旋 * Supraspinatus岡上肌: shoulder abduction肩外展 Ch 3 - 1/201024Other Upper Body Muscles其他上半身Rotator Cuff Muscles肩袖肌群Infraspinatus岡下肌shoulder external rotation肩外旋Teres Minor小圓肌shoulder external rotation肩外旋Supraspinatus岡上肌shoulder abduction肩外

16、展Subscapularis肩胛下肌shoulder internal rotation肩內(nèi)旋25 Ch 3 1/2010Rotator Cuff Muscles肩袖肌群InfraTorso Muscles and Their Joint Actions軀干肌肉及關(guān)節(jié)動(dòng)作Rectus Abdominis腹直肌: 脊柱屈曲External and Internal Obliques 腹內(nèi)外斜肌: spinal flexion with rotation帶旋轉(zhuǎn)的脊柱屈曲Transverse Abdominis腹橫肌: 腹部下壓，或用力吐氣Erector Spinae:豎脊肌 脊柱伸展Quadrat

17、us Lumborum:腰方肌 脊柱側(cè)屈Ch 3 - 1/201026Torso Muscles and Their Joint Rectus Abdominis腹直肌 * Spinal Flexion脊柱屈曲Ch 3 - 1/201027Rectus Abdominis腹直肌 * SpinalExternal Obliques 腹外斜肌Internal Obliques腹內(nèi)斜肌* 帶旋轉(zhuǎn)的脊柱屈曲 Spinal Flexion with RotationCh 3 - 1/201028External Obliques 腹外斜肌InternaTransverse Abdominis腹橫肌 *

18、Abdominal Compression 腹部下壓 * Vigorous Exhalation and Expulsion 強(qiáng)力吐氣Ch 3 - 1/201029Transverse Abdominis腹橫肌 * A豎脊肌Erector Spinae* Spinal Extension 脊柱伸展longissimus:最長(zhǎng)肌spinalis:棘肌illiocostalis:髂肋肌capitis:頭部cervicis:頸部thoracis: 胸部lumborum:腰部Ch 3 - 1/201030豎脊肌Erector Spinae* Spinal ExtMultifidus (multifid

19、i)多裂肌 * spinal extension,脊柱伸展spinal rotation,脊柱旋轉(zhuǎn)spinal lateral flexion脊柱側(cè)屈Ch 3 - 1/201031Multifidus (multifidi)多裂肌 * Quadratus Lumborum腰方肌 * Spinal Lateral Flexion 脊柱側(cè)屈Ch 3 - 1/201032Quadratus Lumborum腰方肌 * SpiHip Joint Muscles and Their Primary Joint Actions髖關(guān)節(jié)肌肉和主要肌肉動(dòng)作Iliopsoas and Rectus Femoris

20、髂腰肌和股直肌: hip flexion髖屈曲Gluteus Maximus and Hamstrings臀大肌和后腿腱肌群: hip extension髖伸展Gluteus Medius臀中肌: hip abduction髖外展Adductor Longus長(zhǎng)收肌, Adductor Magnus大收肌, Adductor Brevis短收肌, Gracilis股薄肌, Pectineus恥骨肌: hip adduction髖內(nèi)收Gluteus Minimus臀小肌: hip inward rotation髖內(nèi)旋Gluteus Maximus and the 6 Outward Rotato

21、rs臀大肌和六塊外旋肌: hip outward rotation髖外旋Ch 3 - 1/201033Hip Joint Muscles and Their PrHip Flexors 髖屈肌Rectus Femoris 股直肌 * hip flexion髖屈曲 Iliopsoas 髂腰肌 * hip flexion 髖屈曲Ch 3 - 1/201034Hip Flexors 髖屈肌Ch 3 - 1/20103Hip Extensors髖展肌Gluteus Maximus臀大肌 * hip extension髖伸展 后腿腱肌群 Hamstrings * hip extension 髖伸展Ch

22、3 - 1/201035Hip Extensors髖展肌Ch 3 - 1/2010Gluteus Medius臀中肌 * hip abduction髖外展Ch 3 - 1/201036Gluteus Medius臀中肌 * hip aHip Adductors髖內(nèi)收肌大收肌長(zhǎng)收肌短收肌恥骨肌股薄肌Adductor AdductorAdductorMagnus LongusBrevisPectineus GracilisCh 3 - 1/201037Hip Adductors髖內(nèi)收肌大收肌長(zhǎng)收肌Gluteus Minimus臀小肌 * Hip Inward Rotation 髖內(nèi)旋Ch 3 -

23、1/201038Gluteus Minimus臀小肌 * Hip InwHip Outward Rotators髖外旋肌6塊外旋肌：梨狀肌、閉孔內(nèi)肌、閉孔外肌、股方肌上孖肌、下孖肌。 臀大肌 Gluteus Maximus Ch 3 - 1/201039Hip Outward Rotators髖外旋肌Ch 3 Knee Joint Muscles and Their Joint Actions膝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉及關(guān)節(jié)動(dòng)作Quadriceps股四頭肌群 (rectus femoris 股直肌, vastus lateralis 股外側(cè)肌, vastus intermedius 股中間肌, vastus

24、medialis 股內(nèi)側(cè)肌): 膝伸展 knee extension后腿腱肌群(股二頭肌, 半腱肌, 半膜肌): 膝屈曲 Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus): knee flexionCh 3 - 1/201040Knee Joint Muscles and Their JQuadriceps股四頭肌群 * Knee Extension 膝伸展rectus femoris股直肌vastus lateralis股外側(cè)肌vastus intermedius股中間肌vastus medialis股內(nèi)側(cè)肌Ch 3 -

25、 1/201041Quadriceps股四頭肌群 * Knee ExtHamstrings后腿腱肌群 * Knee Flexion膝屈曲1. Biceps Femoris 股二頭肌 2. Semitendinosus 半腱肌 3. Semimembranosus 半膜肌Ch 3 - 1/201042Hamstrings后腿腱肌群 * Knee FlexiMajor Ankle Joint Muscles and Their Actions主要踝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)動(dòng)作Anterior Tibialis 脛骨前肌: ankle dorsiflexion 踝關(guān)節(jié)背屈Gastrocnemius and S

26、oleus腓腸肌和比目魚肌: ankle plantarflexion踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈Anterior Tibialis and Posterior Tibialis脛骨前肌和脛骨后肌: ankle inversion踝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)翻Extensor Digitorum Longus 趾長(zhǎng)伸肌, Peroneus Tertius第三腓骨肌, Peroneus Longus腓骨長(zhǎng)肌, and Peroneus Brevis 腓骨短肌: ankle eversion踝關(guān)節(jié)外翻Ch 3 - 1/201043Major Ankle Joint Muscles and Anterior Tibialis脛骨前肌 *

27、 Ankle Dorsiflexion 踝關(guān)節(jié)背屈Ch 3 - 1/201044Anterior Tibialis脛骨前肌 * AnklAnklePlantarflexors踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈肌* Ankle Plantarflexion 踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈 腓腸肌 比目魚肌Ch 3 - 1/201045AnklePlantarflexors踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈肌Ch Anterior Tibialis 脛骨前肌&Posterior Tibialis脛骨后肌 * Ankle Inversion 踝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)翻Ch 3 - 1/201046Anterior Tibialis 脛骨前肌&PosteAnkle Evertors踝

28、關(guān)節(jié)外翻肌趾長(zhǎng)伸肌第三腓骨肌腓骨長(zhǎng)肌腓骨短肌Extensor Peroneus Peroneus PeroneusDigitorum Tertius Longus BrevisLongus51. Ch 3 1/2010Ankle Evertors踝關(guān)節(jié)外翻肌51. Ch 3Connective Tissues結(jié)締組織 Ligamenta non-elastic band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability 韌帶 一種無(wú)彈性的纖維束，能把骨骼連接在一起，它附著于骨骼的可活動(dòng)部分，起到固

29、定關(guān)節(jié)的作用傷。 Tendondense, fibrous tissue that forms the end of a muscle and attaches muscle to bone 腱一種連接肌肉和骨骼的由結(jié)締組織所構(gòu)成的高密度纖維束或膜。 Fasciafibrous tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles, fasciculi, and muscle fibers 筋膜指肌肉的堅(jiān)韌部分。附于骨節(jié)者為筋，包于肌腱外者為膜。是聯(lián)絡(luò)關(guān)節(jié)、肌肉，主司運(yùn)動(dòng)的組織。 Cartilagewhite, semi-opaque tissue

30、that cushions joints and prevents wear on joint surfaces 軟骨種半透明的有彈性的組織 ，用來(lái)充填關(guān)節(jié)，并防止關(guān)節(jié)表面組織的撕裂。 Ch 3 - 1/201048Connective Tissues結(jié)締組織 LigamenRoles Muscles Play肌肉功能主動(dòng)肌或原動(dòng)肌直接負(fù)責(zé)你所看到運(yùn)動(dòng)的肌肉 Agonist or Prime Moverthe muscle directly responsible for the movement that you see對(duì)抗肌跟主動(dòng)肌運(yùn)動(dòng)相反的肌肉 Antagonistthe muscle

31、that works in opposition to the prime mover 輔助肌輔助運(yùn)動(dòng)的肌肉 Assistorthe muscle that assists in performing a movement穩(wěn)定肌保持靜態(tài)或等長(zhǎng)收縮的，避免不必要運(yùn)動(dòng)的肌肉 Stabilizera muscle that maintains a static or isometric contraction and prevents unwanted movementCh 3 - 1/201049Roles Muscles Play肌肉功能主動(dòng)肌或原動(dòng)肌Muscle Actions肌肉動(dòng)作等長(zhǎng)保持住的靜態(tài)肌肉動(dòng)作，關(guān)節(jié)角度和肌肉長(zhǎng)度都沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化。 Isometrica held, static muscle action in which there is no change in the joint angle or muscle length等張/動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng) Isotonic/Dynamicjoint moveme