四級(jí)考試中關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)文章行文特點(diǎn)

1、PAGE PAGE 4四級(jí)考試中關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的文章的行文特點(diǎn)華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院 胡素芬在當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展的時(shí)代，經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的文章在報(bào)刊雜志上比比皆是。四級(jí)考試中的閱讀文章多是從報(bào)刊雜志上挑選而來。經(jīng)濟(jì)問題是一個(gè)普遍而熱門又經(jīng)久不衰的話題。無論是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)還是英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，亦或是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，都是人們要研究或者探討的話題，都足夠引起經(jīng)濟(jì)專家學(xué)者的關(guān)注。英語專家和學(xué)者也不例外。這類關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的文章論述一般從如下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述：經(jīng)濟(jì)興衰，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的問題，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)和原因等等。四級(jí)考試中多次出現(xiàn)關(guān)于美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的文章。如99年1月第二篇，2003年6月第二篇 ，2003年1月第三篇，2005年

2、12月第一篇，2006年12月第一篇。其行文和試題有鮮明的特點(diǎn)。由于篇幅所限，筆者選取2005年12月第1篇和2006年12月第1篇作為例子來闡述。對(duì)于美國(guó)人來說，time is money 時(shí)間就是金錢。他們拼命工作一是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的價(jià)值，而是為了獲得金錢，過上人上人的生活。所以在讀這類文章時(shí)，要記住“The business of America is business,”。這句話的前面一個(gè)“business”作為“事情”講，后面一個(gè)“business” 是“賺錢，做生意”的意思。所有的行為都圍繞這個(gè)中心展開。關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)問題高頻詞匯是market，profit，consumer，compan

3、y，business，competition，economy，enterprise，executive。 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.（ 2005 年 12月）Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lays potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its make

4、r Frito-Lay thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the companys head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by PepsiCo，a

5、nd accounts for over half of the parent companys $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow，the company has to look overseas.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. An

6、d second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ” Global does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumers-especially young people-see as part of a modern innovative(創(chuàng)新的)world in which people are linked across cultures by shared b

7、eliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the companys research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business. Wit

8、h brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(標(biāo)識(shí)).The logo, long with the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the companys global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national ea

9、ting habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rather, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world.“Were making products in those countries, were adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses an

10、d employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCos chief executive.21.It is the belief of Frito-Lays head of global marketing that_.A)Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world marketB)Their company must find new ways to promote domestic salesC)The light go

11、lden color enhances the charm of their companys potato chipsD)People over the world enjoy eating their companys potato chips 22.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?A)Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.B)Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marke

12、r.C)It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.D)It needs to turn to the world market for development.23.One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_.A)consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands B local brands cannot compete successfu

13、lly with American brands C)products suiting Chinese consumers needs bring more profitsD)products identified as American will have promising market value24.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?A)To suit changing tastes of young consumers. B)To promote the companys strategy of globalizati

14、on. C)To change the companys long-held marketing image.D)To compete with other American chip producers.25.Frito-Lays executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market_.A)wont affect the eating habits of the local people B)will lead to economic imperialismC)will be in t

15、he interest of the local peopleD)wont spoil the taste of their chips 這篇文章以樂事薯片的發(fā)展，折射出美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展軌跡。薄薄的淡黃色薯片似乎不可能成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的主導(dǎo)，但是他的市場(chǎng)策劃者卻認(rèn)為它可以占領(lǐng)全球。那么，文章一定會(huì)引用他所說的話，“Potato chips are a snack food for the world,”接著，文章說Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato

16、 chip.從這句話就可以找到21.It is the belief of Frito-Lays head of global marketing that 的答案，是D)People over the world enjoy eating their companys potato chips。因?yàn)槿澜绲娜硕嫉种撇蛔∷恼T惑。美國(guó)人為了賺錢，非常善于創(chuàng)新和市場(chǎng)推廣。樂事薯片是百事可樂的產(chǎn)品，在美國(guó)占市場(chǎng)收入超過了整個(gè)母公司的一半，但是國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)趨于飽和狀態(tài)，美國(guó)人是喜歡國(guó)外發(fā)展的，不管是高科技產(chǎn)品還是飲食，都力圖使之全球化。所以下面文章肯定會(huì)寫如何打開國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。22.What do we l

17、earn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?的答案很明顯，to grow，the company has to look overseas. 同義轉(zhuǎn)述，D)It needs to turn to the world market for development.那么作者接著一定會(huì)談及到為何可以全球化，如何使用營(yíng)銷策略。第三段闡述了兩個(gè)問題：1）為何可以；2）如何做到。也就是題干的23題和24題。23.One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_.

18、答案在黑體字中找。A)consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands。全世界的人都為世界品牌所吸引啊。那么如何做到呢？Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(標(biāo)識(shí)).The logo, along with the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the companys global expansion. 所以24

19、答案是C) promote the companys strategy of globalization. 最后作者會(huì)引用別人的話來說明這種策略的效果等。因此25題的答案就在Steve Reinemund,PepsiCos chief executive的話中。答案是C)will be in the interest of the local people。2006年12月則是以瓶裝水為例來談經(jīng)濟(jì)。Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Reaching new peaks of popularity in North Ame

20、rica is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled wa

21、ter is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,” He says.But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne o

22、f tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.Nevertheless, soft-drink

23、companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market sharethis despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCos Aquafina and Coca-Colas Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and rest

24、aurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurants typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water its often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands arent available in stores, most diners dont notice or care.As a resu

25、lt, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without ev

26、en asking the diners if they want it.Regardless of how its sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?A) It is a kind of iced water. C) It is

27、a kind of bottled water.B) It is just plain tap water. D) It is a kind of mineral water.58. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water” (Line 4 Para. 2), von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that _.A) plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinkingB) bottled wa

28、ter is clearly superior to tap waterC) bottled water often appeals more to dogs tasteD) dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste59. The “fancier brands” (Line 3 Para. 5) refers to _.A) tap water from the Thames RiverB) famous wines not sold in ordinary storesC) PepsiCos Aquafina and Coca-C

29、olas DasaniD) expensive bottled water with impressive names60. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?A) Bottled water brings in huge profits.B) Competition from the wine industry is intense.C) Most diners find bottled water affordable.D) Bottled water satisfied diners desire to fashionable.61. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?A) It is much cheaper than wine. C) It appeals to more cultivated people.B) It is considered healthier. D) It is more widely promoted in the market.這篇文章也符合行文特點(diǎn)。首先，作者說冰川水在北美極為受歡迎。接著引用飲水大師的話說明關(guān)于冰川水的用途。原