學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件

1、 (Acknowledgements) 學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件 Acknowledgements The persons who do not meet the requirements of authorship but have made some contributions to the research result can be listed in the paper with the form of acknowledgement. People of acknowledgement include:laboratory technicians that help to do the

2、 researchinstitutions or stuff that provide convenience for research (equipment, testing etc)people who have proposed guiding ideas fundation support (but not list the amount of the fund)學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件Acknowledgements：Concreteness and truthfulnessPoint out the concrete help and contribution of the perso

3、ns to be acknowledged. The acknowledgement to the person indicates that he agrees with the idea or conclusion;If the person to be acknowledged does not agree with the ideas or conclusion of the paper, then when the paper is published, it will embarrass both the author and the person to be acknowledg

4、ed ；學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件 To show politeness and respect ,people to be acknowledged must be invited to read the paper(especially the acknowledgement) before it is submitted , so as to obtain the permission or acquiescence. To show politeness and resAcknowledgement ：Appropriate WordingOne had better use “We tha

5、nk ”instead of “ We wish tothank” , “would like to thank” etc； If one says “I wish to thank Jones for ”, he is wasting words, and it also indicates that “I hope to thank John Jones help, but this help is not important”. It seems more concise and sincere to say “I thank Jones ”學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件 In acknowled

6、gment, the concrete help or contribution of the person we acknowledge should be pointed out. For example:“Thanks are due to J. Jones for assistance with the experiments and to R. Smith for valuable discussion.”Such empty acknowledgment is avoided, such as : “To acknowledge all of the people who have

7、 contributed to this paper in some manner ” In acknowledgment, the concAcknowledgment 1 The authors acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions of their associates in Communications Research at Lockheed Missiles and Space Company. Special thanks are expressed to M.R. O Sulivan for his interest

8、ing and rewarding comments.Acknowledgment 1Acknowledgment 2 Helpful suggestions by D.A . Kleinman and C.G.B . Garret are gratefully acknowledged . Without the equipment borrowed from a large number of our colleagues this experiment would not have been feasible.Acknowledgment 2Acknowledge3 I have rec

9、eived considerable help by way of suggestions, comments, and criticisms from members of both the medical and the engineering staffs of University College, London. My thanks are due to them all, and in particular to Dr. W. Taylor and Professor J.Z. Young for many stimulating discussions on the proble

10、ms of learning. The financial support of the Neffield Foundation is also gratefully acknowledged.Acknowledge3Acknowledge 4 The accomplishment of this paper benefits from the enlightenment of my supervisor, assistant professor, Ming Xiaodong, whose inspiring insights, generous encouragements, and ent

11、husiastic instructions have facilitated me much throughout my thesis writing. Her penetrating and insightful comments afford me with inspiring source. She has been in constant concern about my paper, spared no pains to entertain my thesis draft. I would also like to extend my sincere thanksAcknowled

12、ge 4to the Foreign Language Department of* University as well as all my teachers. Thanks to their instructive guidance and comprehensive education during the four years schooling, I can acquire the opportunity to further study English. Finally, my great gratitude also goes to those writers and edito

13、rs whose works I have perused and benefited greatly from without which the completion of the thesis would not have been possible. to the Foreign Language DepartEnglish Expression of the research program supported by a certain fund The English journals of China usually use food note to express that t

14、he thesis to be published is fund-supported, while foreign journals usually put the information of fund support in the section of acknowledgement. Case of expressing the fund support in the form of foot note in the first page of a thesis.English Expression of the reseEnglish Expression of the resear

15、ch program supported by a certain fundSupported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019GB30940105),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 60171009) and the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai(Grant No. 02DZ/5002)IN：Progress in

16、Natural Science SCI，2019,14(3):269-275English Expression of the reseEnglish Expression of a fundCase of information about fund support in the section of acknowledgement：Acknowledgments ： This work is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Professor J.A

17、. Pople and Dr.P.M.W.Gill for a preprint of Ref. 13,and Professor T. Ziegler and Professor R. A. Friesner for enlightening discussions.English Expression of a fundCaDocumentation,MLA StyleA guide to in-text and reference citation methods.Documentation,MLA StyleA gDocumentation,MLA Style GENERAL RULE

18、:Ideally, no more than 25 percent of your paper should be direct quotations.Paraphrase as much as you can.Use direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theoryUse authors words if they capture a point exactly.Documentation,MLA Style GENERWhen to Give Your SourceYou must acknowledge in you

19、r paper the source of a direct quotation according to the following cases:A statisticAn ideaSomeone elses opinionConcrete facts not considered “common knowledge”Information not commonly knownInformation taken from the computer (CD ROMS, internet, etc.)Illustrations, photographs, or charts if not you

20、rsWhen to Give Your SourceYou mParaphrasing and SummarizingYou must still acknowledge your source if youParaphrase:Put someone elses ideas into your own wordsSummarize:Condense someone elses words or ideasParaphrasing and SummarizingYoSignal Phrases in MLAModel Signal Phrases:“In the words of resear

21、chers Long and McKinzie”“As Paul Rudnick has noted”“Melinda Stuart, mother of a child killed by a drunk driver, points out”“,writes Michelle Moore, ”NOTE: Never use “says”Verbs in Signal Phrases:acknowledges admitsagrees assertsbelieves claimscomments confirmscontends declaresdenies disputesemphasiz

22、es endorsesgrants illustratesimplies notesobserves points outreasons refutessuggests writesSignal Phrases in MLAModel SigParenthetical Citationsa system in which you give your source in parentheses immediately after you give the information.Four Common Citations:Author and page numberTitle and page

23、numberPage number onlySecondhand quotationsParenthetical Citationsa systParenthetical Citations:Author & Page Number(Keeling 125)Notice there is no “p” and no comma.The struggle for identity is common during puberty (Keeling 125).Parenthetical Citations:AuthoParenthetical Citations:Title & Page Numb

24、erHer distinctive writing style adds to her mystique (“Plath” 19). Often, articles, editorials, pamphlets, and other materials have no author listed; thus, give the first distinctive word of the title followed by page #Parenthetical Citations:TitleParenthetical Citations:Page Number OnlyIf you have

25、already mentioned the authors name, put a page number only:Keeling states that Plaths work stands in stark contrast to other confessional poets (58).Parenthetical Citations:Page Parenthetical Citations:Secondhand QuotationsWhen you quote someone who has been quoted in one of your sources, use:qtd. i

26、n = quoted inEvelyn Maxwell, author of numerous books about poetry, refers to Plath as the “queen of darkness” (qtd. in Keeling 99).Parenthetical Citations:SeconParenthetical Citations:Multiple AuthorsTwo Sources by the Same Author:Use the first identifying words to indicate the title of the workThe

27、 radical disconnect in Plaths writing is evident in the poem Cut (In the Middle, 188). OR(Rimbaud, In the Middle, 188).Parenthetical Citations:MultiParenthetical Citations:Organization as AuthorOften, an organization serves as the author:The National Council for Teachers of English state that studen

28、ts bring insider knowledge of youth culture and a passion for and investment in its texts and practices (5).ORStudents bring insider knowledge of youth culture (National Council for the Teachers of English 5).Parenthetical Citations:OrganParenthetical Citations:How Often to Give CitationsWhen severa

29、l facts in a row within one paragraph all come from the same page of a source, use one citation to cover them all. Place the citation after the last fact.The citation MUST be in the same paragraph as the facts!Parenthetical Citations:How OWORKS CITEDList only those sources that you actually used.Lis

30、t the complete title of the article, essay, or book.Alphabetize your list by authors last names or the first main word in a title.Online sources usually follow the print format followed by the URL . (journals, newspapers, magazines, abstracts, books, reviews, scholarly projects or databases, etc.).

31、Format Authors last name firstDouble-spaceLeft MarginIndent second and third lines five spacesMost item separated by periods leave one space after ending punctuation.Place a period at the end of each entry.WORKS CITEDList only those souWORKS CITED:Specific EntriesBook:Author. Title. City: Publisher,

32、 date.Corti, Lillian. The Myth of Medea and the Murder of Children. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2019.Article in a Magazine:Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Date: page(s).Gerard, Jeremy. “Review of Redwood Curtain.” Variety April 5, 1993: p. 43.WORKS CITED:Specific EntriesBWORKS CIT

33、ED:Specific EntriesArticle in a Newspaper:Author (if given). “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper Complete date, section number or title: page(s).Kerr, Walter. “The Lives they Lived.” The New York Times 29 December 2019, late ed.: sec. 1: 53.Article or Story in a Collection of Anthology:Author. “T

34、itle.” Book Title. Editor. City: Publisher, date. Pages.Franklin, Benjamin. “The Speech of Miss Polly Baker.” Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography and Other Writings. Ed. Kenneth Silverman. New York: Viking, 1986. 209-213.WORKS CITED:Specific EntriesAWORKS CITED:Specific EntriesArticle in a Scholarl

35、y Journal:Author. “Title of Article.” Journal Title Volume number (complete date): pages covered by article.Witham, Barry B. “Images of America.” Theatre Journal 34 (May 1982): 223-232.Encyclopedia“Title of Article.” Title of Encyclopedia. Year of the edition.“Plath, Sylvia.” Encyclopedia Britannica

36、. 2019 ed.WORKS CITED:Specific EntriesAWORKS CITED:Specific Entries Electronic SourcesDirect E-Mail to You (Not a Discussion Group)Author of e-mail title or area of expertise, professional affiliation. “Subject line.” E-mail to the author (meaning you) date.Rushbrook, Sally poet. “For Goths Sake.” E

37、-mail to the author. 7 June 2019.Standalone Database or CD-ROMAuthor. “Title.” (or the heading of the material you read) Title of Entire Work publishing information of original, if known. Title of Database. Publication Medium. Vendor (if relevant). Electronic publication date.Good, Sarah. “Goth Trad

38、ition in Adolescents.” Newsday 16 Mar. 2019 sec. Life: 1. Newsbank Newsday. CD-ROM. 2019.WORKS CITED:Specific Entries WORKS CITED:Specific Entries Electronic SourcesOnline Source or Website: NOTE - .Author or organization. “Title of section, if given.” Title of the Complete Work. Date of publication

39、 or last revision. Sponsoring organization if different from author. Date you viewed the site .Elder, Preston. “What is Goth?” Goth. 2000, 2019. Goth. 30 March 2019 .Posting to a Discussion Group:Author (not screen name). “Subject line of article.” Online posting. Date of posting. Group to which it

40、was sent multiple group names separated by comma. Date you viewed it .Rushbrook, Sally. “Plath and Me.” Online posting. 7 June 2000. Goth. 6 March 2019. .WORKS CITED:Specific Entries WORKS CITED:Special CasesNo Author:Alphabetize according to the first main word in the title, ignoring the articles a

41、, an, and the.“Moonshot Tape.” Antaeus. Ed. Daniel Helpern. New York: Ecco Press, 1991.Two or More Authors:Give the last name first for the first author only.Hall, David, Laura Henigman, and Lillian Corti. Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.WORKS CITED:Spe

42、cial CasesNo AWORKS CITED:Special CasesMore Work by Same Author:Use three hyphens and a period (.) in place of the authors name and alphabetize the works according to title.Wilson, Lanford. Day. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1994. Sympathetic Magic. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 2019. Tall

43、y and Son. New York, Dramatists Play Service, 2019.WORKS CITED:Special CasesMoreWORKS CITED:Special CasesRadio/Television Program:Speaker Name. Program Title. Company if known. Network and/or station call letters, city. Date of broadcast.Mangone, Carlo. Weekend Edition Saturday. Natl. Public Radio.

44、KSMU, Springfield, MO. 31 May 2019.Video/DVD or Audio Recording:Author, Director, or Performer. Title. Format. Distributor, date.Frizell, Michael. I Hate Hamlet. DVD. Little Theatre Home Video, 2019.WORKS CITED:Special CasesRadiWORKS CITED:Special CasesPamphlet:Follow the format for a book. If no da

45、te is listed, use n.d.Interview, Speech, or Lecture:Speakers name Speakers position. Type of presentation. Location, date.Jenkins, Jeff Owner and Creative Director, The Skinny Improv Theatre. Personal Interview. Springfield, MO. 29 March 2019.WORKS CITED:Special CasesPampArrange of Thoughts New idea

46、s expressed after a review of the old: This arrangement not only can express the authors ideas in proper sequence, but also conforms the reading expectation of readers (so that their thoughts do not break) The use of land, water and minerals has increased more than tenfold during the past two centur

47、ies. Future increases in population and economic development will intensify this pressure. * Major environmental changes varying from disruption of local ecosystems to disturbance of the biosphere are the likely cumulative impacts of human activities. Arrange of Thoughts The third sentence of the pa

48、ssage should be changed into: The cumulative impacts of human activities are likely to lead to major environmental changes, varying from disruption of local ecosystems to disturbance of the biosphere. The third sentence of the passUse of Active Voice and Passive VoiceThe fact that such processes are

49、 under strict stereo-electronic control is demonstrated by our work in this.(18 words) Our work in this area demonstrates that such processes are under strict stereo-electronic control. (14 words) Subjects of sentences should be clear and coherent logically, change of voices in the same sentence sho

50、uld be avoided so as not to make the sentence lengthy or circuitousUse of Active Voice and PassivThese vugs carry no gold and the tenor of the vein has not been affected by them. These vugs carry no gold and do not affect the tenor of the vein.These vugs carry no gold andAvoid Dangling modifierDangl

51、ing modifier refers to the case that the verb phrase has nothing to do with the subject of the sentence, namely, there is inconsistency between the logic subject of the verb prase and the subject of the main clause. Wrong: Using the procedure described previously, the partition function can be evalu

52、ated.Right : Using the procedure described previously, we can evaluate the partition function.Avoid Dangling modifierWrong : When confronted with these limitations, the experiments were discontinued.Right : When confronted with these limitations, we discontinued the experiments.Wrong: After determin

53、ing the mapping of Ai from L1to Lp, the next array dimension can be processed in the same way.Right: After determining the mapping of Ai from L1to Lp , we can process the next array dimension in the same way.Wrong : When confronted with tAvoid writing long sentences that contain confusing ideas In E

54、nglish, the main idea and each supporting idea is typically written in separate sentences. One can usually recognize a very long sentence by its length sixty words or more. However, sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long sentences if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main

55、idea. 學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件Too long: The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is, 0.00012 radians, the gear gap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, nonlinearity of the gear, nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method , the ex

56、isting backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.Too long: The gear transmissioCorrect: The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap

57、, which is 0.00012 radians, has different output values corresponding to any given input value . The nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method. The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial

58、value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.Correct: The gear transmissionPay attention to some expressionsat home / abroad International papers should not use location dependant terms such as at home, abroad, here, our country because the reader most likely is not Chinese and not in Chin

59、a. at home, our country = in China abroad = outside China overseas = outside the mainland of China 學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件Expression of numbersArabic Numbers Should never be used at the beginning of sentencesShould not be used to give general information 11 parameters were selected for the experiment.Eleven para

60、meters were selected for the experiment. All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30 C. All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30 學(xué)術(shù)型英語寫作9課件Avoid redundancy research work = research / worklimit condition = limit / conditionsketch map = sketch / Maplayout s