心血管系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)08課件

1、Angiology 脈管系統(tǒng)山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院 解剖教研室 李振華Composition Cardiovascular system心血管系統(tǒng) Lymphatic system 淋巴系統(tǒng)The cardiovascular systemOrganization Heart 心A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood, Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Artery 動(dòng)脈 a. carry blood away from the heart

2、 Veins 靜脈 v. carry blood back to the heartCapillary 毛細(xì)血管microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid Blood circulationSystemic circulation 體循環(huán) left ventricleaorta and its branchescapillaries of bodysuperior and inferior vena cavaright atriumPulmonary circulation 肺循環(huán)right

3、ventriclepulmonary a.capillaries of lungpulmonary v.right atrium Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合Anastomosis between a.Anastomosis between v.Arteriolovenular anastomosis 動(dòng)靜脈吻合Collateral vessels側(cè)副管 Circulation側(cè)支循環(huán)The ArteriesCharacteristicsSymmetry 對(duì)稱In the trunk of the body consist parietal and visceral br

4、anches 壁支和臟支Shortest possible courseRun on flexor surfacesUsually do not pass directly through muscles, avoiding compressionTogether with the veins and nerves in a sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle 血管神經(jīng)束Arteries of pulmonary circulation 肺循環(huán)的動(dòng)脈Pulmonary trunk 肺動(dòng)脈干Arises from right ventric

5、le Runs up, back ,and to the leftBifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung Arteries of head and neckCommon carotid a.頸總動(dòng)脈External carotid a. 頸外動(dòng)脈Internal carotid a. 頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈Subclavian a. 鎖骨下動(dòng)脈 Arteries of upper limbAxillary a. 腋動(dòng)脈Brachial a. 肱動(dòng)脈Radial a

6、. 橈動(dòng)脈Ulnar a. 尺動(dòng)脈Superficial palmar arch 掌淺弓deep palmar arc 掌深弓Thoracic aorta 胸主動(dòng)脈Parietal branches 壁支Nine pairs posterior intercostals arteries 肋間后動(dòng)脈One pair subcostal 肋下動(dòng)脈Visceral branches 臟支Arteries of pelvisCommon iliac a. 髂總動(dòng)脈Internal iliac a. 髂內(nèi)動(dòng)脈External iliac a. 髂外動(dòng)脈Arteries of lower limbFem

7、oral a. 股動(dòng)脈Popliteal a. 腘動(dòng)脈Posterior tibial a. 脛后動(dòng)脈Anterior tibial a. 脛前動(dòng)脈 dorsal a. of foot 足背動(dòng)脈Venous valveDiploic veinsSinuses of dura materSuperior vena cava and its tributariesVeins of head and neckInternal jugular veinExternal jugular veinBrachiocephalic vein: venous angleVeins of upper limbDe

8、ep vein: have the same names as their companion arteriesSuperficial veins: cephalic v. 頭靜脈basilica v. 貴要靜脈median cubital v. 肘正中靜脈Veins of thoraxSuperior vena cava 上腔靜脈Azygos v. 奇靜脈 Hemiazygos v. 半奇靜脈accessory hemiazygos v.副半奇靜脈 Veins of vertebral column 椎靜脈叢Inferior vena cava system Veins of lower l

9、imbDeep vein: have the same names as their companion arteriesSuperficial veins: great saphenous v. 大隱靜脈 small saphenous 小隱靜脈 Inferior vena cava and its tributaries Hepatic portal v.The Lymphatic SystemHeart Artery Capillaries Vein Cell Tissue fluidLymphatic capillaryLymphatic vesselLymphatic nodeLym

10、phatic trunkLymphatic ductLymphatic capillaryLymphatic nodeAfferent vessels Afferent vessels Thoracic ductRight lymphatic duckLymphatic vesselsIntroduction of the nervous system山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院 解剖教研室李振華The Nervous System -DivisionsCentral nervous system (CNS) 1. Brain （腦） 2. Spinal cord （脊髓）Peripheral nervou

11、s system (PNS) 1. Cranial n. （腦神經(jīng) 12 pairs) 2. Spinal n. (脊神經(jīng) 31 pairs) 3. Visceral n. （內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)）Visceral sensory n.Visceral motor n.Sympathetic part （交感神經(jīng)）Parasympathetic part （副交感神經(jīng)）The Cranial Nerves 腦神經(jīng) Olfactory nerve 嗅神經(jīng) Optic nerve 視神經(jīng) Oculomotor nerve 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng) Trochlear nerve 滑車神經(jīng) Trigeminal nerve 三

12、叉神經(jīng) Abducent nerve 展神經(jīng) Facial nerve 面神經(jīng) Vestibulocochlear nerve 前庭蝸神經(jīng) Glossopharyngeal nerve舌咽神經(jīng) Vagus nerve 迷走神經(jīng) Accessory nerve 副神經(jīng) Hypoglossal nerve 舌下神經(jīng) 31 pairs spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal nerve. Formation: each spinal nerve is formed by union of

13、anterior and posterior roots at intervertebral foramen 1.The anterior root Contains motor fibers for skeletal muscles. Those from T1 to L2 contain sympathetic fibers; S2 to S4 also contain parasympathetic fibers.2. The posterior root Contains sensory fibers whose cell bodies are in the spinal gangli

14、on. General descriptionFunctional components1. Somatic efferent nerve fibers 軀體傳出纖維(SE): fibers that transmit motor impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscles.2. Visceral efferent nerve fibers內(nèi)臟傳出纖維(VE): fibers that transmit motor impulses from spinal cord to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and gl

15、ands.3. Somatic afferent nerve fibers軀體傳入纖維(SA): fibers that transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from body to spinal cord 4. Visceral afferent nerve fibers內(nèi)臟傳入纖維(VA): fibers that transmit interoceptive impulses from the viscera to spinal cordBranches of spinal nerves1. Anterior branch

16、 前支: largest , innervates anterolateral body wall and limbs，the great nerve plexus, e.g. the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral, are formed by anterior rami2. Posterior branch 后支: innervates the back of the trunk3. Communicating branch 交通支: connect the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk4. Men

17、ingeal branch 脊膜支: re-enters vertebral canal through intervertebral foramen to dura materCervical plexus 頸叢Formation: formed by anterior rami of C1-C4 spinal nervesPosition: lies in front of the origin of levator scapulae and scalenus medius and deep to the superior part of the sternocleidomastoid B

18、rachial plexus 臂叢Formation: Formed by anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1 spinal nervesPosition: Passes through the scalene fissure to posterosuperior of subclavian artery, then enters the axilla to form three cords Anterior branches of thoracic nervesIntercostal nerves 肋間神經(jīng)(anterior rami of T1- T11) Subcostal nerve 肋下神經(jīng)(anterior ramus of T12) Distribution: distributed to intercostale