過強(qiáng)化2-閱讀理解

1、PAGE13專題1閱讀理解過強(qiáng)化2Passage1體裁:應(yīng)用文話題:學(xué)校生活主題：防火信息詞數(shù)：346建議用時(shí)：7分鐘2022天津卷AFirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull一timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(噴水滅火裝置）systems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers(滅火器).Theyalsoprovideeducat

2、ionalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手動(dòng)的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirea

3、larmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡亂擺弄）thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing：TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlo

4、ckthedoortoyourroom.Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercan

5、createadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector：Ifyoursmokedete

6、ctorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(閃動(dòng)),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.1.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-tim

7、ejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.2.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfireala

8、rmpullstations.3.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould_.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall4.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroy

9、theapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.5.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould_.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworkingPassage2體裁:記敘文話題:家庭、朋友與周圍的人主題：幫哥哥走出陰影詞數(shù)：368建議時(shí)間：6分鐘預(yù)測(cè)新題Ifoundap

10、olicereportthathadbeenfiledinFlorida17yearsbefore.Itsaidaboywashitandhisbodywasthrown19yards.Buthewasntthrown;hewasdraggedthatfarandcaughtinthechainsofthetruck.Itsaidsomeonefledthescene,butthatsomeonewasmyolderbrother,Alex,andhedidntflee.Herushedovertohisfriend,buttheboywasalreadydead.Itsaid.But.Ale

11、xhadjustturned15.Thiswasthedayweneverspokeabout.Wethoughtitwouldmakeadifferenceinhelpinghimstepoutoftheshadowofthataccident.SoIdidntbringitupuntilonenight,whenwewere30and31,IaskedifheeverthoughtaboutthedayJonathandied.Butherespondedwithanunpleasantlaughandacoldsilence.Beforetheaccident,wewereinsepar

12、able.Aftertheaccident,wedidnthavewordsforanyconversation.IwasdesperatetoreconnectandconvincedthattheonlywaytodosowastogetascloseasIcouldtothatday.Itrackeddownthepolicereport.Iwrotedownthedriversnameandfoundhisphonenumber.ItoldhimIwantedtoknowaboutanaccidenthewasinvolvedinbackin1999.Hetoldmeitwastheh

13、ardesttimeinhislife.ItoldhimIwantedtofindawaytotakeawaymybrotherspain.Youcant,hesaid.Butifyouwanttolessenit,lethimtalktoyou,andoncethosewordsstartcoming,youllrealizethataskingistheeasypart.Listeningisthehardpart.Ihungupthephonebutdidntstopthere.Itrackeddownthewitnesses.Ayearafterthefirstphonecall,Im

14、etwithmybrotherandtoldhimaboutthepeopleIhadspokentoandwhattheyhadsaid,andhisinstinct(本能)wastoconfirmandcorrecteachdetail.Thatwasmyopening,andhistoo.LaterIwasabletoaskwhatnooneinmyfamilyeverhad:Couldyoujuststartatthebeginningandtellmeeverything?Andhedid.1.HowdidthepolicereportinParagraph1appeartobein

15、theauthorsopinion?A.Fact-free.B.Ambiguous.C.Persuasive.D.Cautiously-worded.2.Whydidtheauthoravoidreferringtotheaccident?A.Toavoidarguingwithhisbrother.B.Toprotecthisbrotherfromothersscolding.C.Tohelprelievehisbrotherspain.D.Toshowtrustinhisbrothersinnocence.3.Whatmaytheauthorsbrotherneedmostafterthe

16、accident?A.Othersrealunderstanding.B.Othersimmediatecompany.C.Otherssincerelistening.D.Othersdetailedasking.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheAccidentNoOneTalkedAboutB.TheExperienceShapingMyBrotherC.TheQuestionNoOneCaredAboutD.TheMomentChangingMyBrothersLifePassage3體裁:說明文話題:飲食主題：餐館如何吸引顧客詞數(shù)：335

17、建議時(shí)間：7分鐘2022江蘇卷BInthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Rozeschainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiv

18、eresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustom

19、ersateindarkness,theycouldnttellhowmuchtheydhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewisertheydidntfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustome

20、rstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(熏衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemo

21、n,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending一badtables,crowding,highpricesdontnecessarily.Dinersatbadtablesnexttothekitchendoor,say一spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednotbeoverlyconcernedaboutbadtables,giventhattheyreprofitable.Asforcr

22、owds9aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurantsreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffetspriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.1.Theunderlinedphrasenonethewiserinparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere_.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingto

23、sharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided2.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurants

24、arefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurantsreputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.Passage4體裁:說明文話題:世界與環(huán)境主題:塑料瓶村莊詞數(shù)：318建議用時(shí)：7分鐘名師原創(chuàng)Averagehumanscanconsume15ormoredrinksinplasticbottlesamonth.Ifyouwerebornafter1978,andliveuntil80yearsold,youwillleavebehindaminimumof14,400plasticbottlesonthis

25、planet.Thesebottlestakehundredsofyearstobreakdownintotinypiecesofplastic,nevertocompletelydisappear.Mostofthewasteisconsumedbyfishandbirds,whichhasshortenedtheirlifespans(壽命)greatly.ThePlasticBottleVillageisjustagreatideathatmightfinallysaveusfrombeingburiedunderplastic.ItsacommunityinPanamathatisgo

26、ingtobemadeofusedbottles.Thedesignprocessbeginswithbuildingsteelframes,whicharethenfilledwiththesebottles.Oncethisstepiscomplete,andelectricalandplumbinglinesareputinside,theplasticwallsarecoveredbyconcrete一bothinsideandoutside.Sonoonewillactuallybeabletotellthatthewallsaremadeofplastic.Besides,them

27、aterialwillkeepthehouse17Ccoolerthantheoutside,whichisthebiggestbenefittopeoplelivinginside.Thevillageisthebrainchild(主意)ofRobertBezeauwiththeintentionofsettingupseveralenvironmentalprojects.Havingstartedarecyclingprogramfouryearsago,duringwhichanumberofplasticbottleswerecollected,hestartedtothinkof

28、howtheycouldbeputtouse.Soonenough,hedecidedtousethemtobuildhouses,andcameupwithabasicideafortheconstructionprocess.Theprojecthopestomakepeopleconsciousofthewastethatthesebottlescreatesothattheycandomoretoprotecttheenvironment.Thevillagewillalsocreateaneducationcenterthatwillteachindividualsfromthewo

29、rldhowtoreuseplasticbottlesasconstructionmaterialsforshelter.Recycledbottlescouldneutralizethenegativeeffectofyourpassageonthisplanet,andmoveclosertoleavingonlyyourfootprints.1.Whatdothefiguresinthefirstparagraphshow?A.Thereasonforbuyingfewerdrinks.B.Theseriousnessofplasticpollution.C.Theamountofpla

30、sticwaste.D.Thedifficultsituationofwildlife.2.Whyarethehomesinthevillagespecial?A.Theyregreenbuildings.B.Theyre17Cwarmerinside.C.Theystopplasticpollution.D.Theyreentirelymadeofplasticbottles.3.WhichwordcanbestdescribeRobert?A.Responsible.B.Considerate.C.Creative.D.Sensitive.4.Whatdoestheprojectwantt

31、odothroughthesehomes?A.Provideshelterforlocals.B.Reusealldesertedplasticbottles.C.Popularizetheuseofplasticbottles.D.Raisepeoplesenvironmentalawareness.參考答案Passage1語(yǔ)法解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,文章介紹了阿德萊德大學(xué)的消防設(shè)備,分別從消防系統(tǒng)介紹、火警報(bào)警器的組成、消防演習(xí)、滅火器的使用以及煙霧探測(cè)器幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了介紹?！径我馐崂怼康谝还?jié)：阿德萊德大學(xué)擁有專業(yè)的消防員、齊全的消防裝置并開展防火安全教育。第二節(jié)：火警每個(gè)樓層有手動(dòng)火警報(bào)警

32、器、自動(dòng)火警報(bào)警器,但是不要亂動(dòng)這些火警報(bào)警器,報(bào)假火警是違法的。第三節(jié)：消防演習(xí)消防演習(xí)開展的頻率以及消防演習(xí)時(shí)我們?cè)撛趺醋龅谒墓?jié)：滅火器所在位置、使用的時(shí)間以及使用不當(dāng)會(huì)帶來的后果。第五節(jié)：煙霧探測(cè)器煙霧探測(cè)器安放的位置以及如何確保其安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。1.C【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第一節(jié)說到大學(xué)配備的這些全日制火災(zāi)消防人員的職責(zé)：檢查校園樓棟、檢測(cè)并維護(hù)各種消防裝置、在宿舍區(qū)提供消防安全教育活動(dòng)。從這些信息我們可以判斷,C項(xiàng)是他們的日常工作。A項(xiàng)給學(xué)生提供兼職工作在文中沒有提到；B項(xiàng)屬于曲解文意。第一節(jié)最后一句說的是無論何時(shí)你來到一個(gè)陌生的區(qū)域,你應(yīng)該確定火警報(bào)警器的位置以及離你的房間最近的兩個(gè)出口

33、；B項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符；D項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。文章說的是提供消防安全教育活動(dòng),而不是培訓(xùn)老師成為消防專業(yè)人員。2.B解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的theautomaticfirealarmsystems我們把答案定位在第二節(jié)FireAlarms部分。該節(jié)內(nèi)容說,火抒自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)包括溫度探測(cè)器、煙霧探測(cè)器和自動(dòng)噴水滅火裝置（heatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers),故B項(xiàng)符合本節(jié)內(nèi)容,因此選B。A、C、D項(xiàng)都是移花接木的拼湊選項(xiàng)。pipes和firealarmpullstations是手動(dòng)火警報(bào)警器的組成部分,而不是火警自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的組成部分。3.C【解析

34、】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干我們把答案定位在第三節(jié)部分。該節(jié)內(nèi)容說,在消防演習(xí)中,學(xué)生應(yīng)該帶上房間鑰匙、身份證,鎖好房門。從最近的緊急出口疏散,不能坐電梯,在宿舍樓外與同學(xué)們會(huì)合,等待進(jìn)一步的指令,從這些信息我們可以判斷選C。A項(xiàng)與文中的donotusealift不符；文章說的是從緊急出口疏散到宿舍樓外面再等待指令,B項(xiàng)與之不符；文章說的是在宿舍樓外等待而不是在大樓內(nèi)等待指令,故D項(xiàng)不正確。4.A【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的滅火器的使用,我們把答案定位在第四節(jié).根據(jù)第四節(jié)中的Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines可知,滅火器使用不當(dāng)會(huì)被罰款。B、

35、C項(xiàng)屬于曲解文意：該節(jié)說滅火器使用不當(dāng)會(huì)危害其他居住者（createadangeroussituationforotherresidents)和損壞個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)（damagetopersonalproperty);文章沒有提到必須有培訓(xùn)師在場(chǎng)才能使用滅火器,因此D項(xiàng)屬于主觀臆斷。5.D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干信息我們把答案定位在最后一節(jié)。該節(jié)說,如果煙霧探測(cè)器的紅燈亮了,表明煙霧探測(cè)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常；如果紅燈不閃了就要聯(lián)系樓管員；在任何情況下不要覆蓋或者堵塞煙霧探測(cè)器；如果煙霧探測(cè)器在沒有火和煙霧的情況下響了。就通知樓管員。從這些信息我們可以判斷選D。A項(xiàng)經(jīng)常聯(lián)系樓管員屬曲解文意；B項(xiàng)覆蓋易燃物品

36、和C項(xiàng)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)打開煙霧探測(cè)器在文中沒有提到。Passage2語(yǔ)法解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者和家人為了幫助哥哥走出事故的陰影決定對(duì)哥哥所經(jīng)歷的事故避而不談,而這對(duì)哥哥并沒有什么幫助。但后來作者明白傾聽才能真正幫助哥哥走出痛苦。1。A【解析】考査推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的Itsaidaboywashitandhisbodywasthrown19yards.Buthewasntthrown;hewasdraggedthatfarandcaughtinthechainsofthetruck.Itsaid.But可知,作者認(rèn)為這份警方報(bào)告中有許多與事實(shí)不符的地方。故選A。fact-free脫離事實(shí)的,不

37、符合事實(shí)的；ambiguous模棱兩可的,含混不清的；persuasive有說服力的,令人信服的;cautiously-worded措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹?.C【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的Thiswasthedayweneverspokeabout.Wethoughtitwouldmakeadifferenceinhelpinghimstepoutoftheshadowofthataccident可知,之前作者之所以對(duì)哥哥那天所經(jīng)歷的事故避而不談是因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為這樣能幫助哥哥走出事故的陰影。故C項(xiàng)符合文意。3.C【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的Butifyouwanttolessenit.Li

38、steningisthehardpart和最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知,作者通過傾聽使哥哥打開了心扉。由此可推知事故過后,哥哥最需要的可能是他人真誠(chéng)的傾聽。4.A【解析】考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知,作者和家人為了幫助哥哥走出事故的陰影,決定對(duì)哥哥所經(jīng)歷的事故避而不談,而這對(duì)哥哥并沒有什么幫助。但后來,正是作者選擇傾聽哥哥的事故經(jīng)歷,敢于觸及那起家人都避之不談的事故,才讓哥哥真正走出事故的陰影。故A項(xiàng)無人談及的那起事故作本文標(biāo)題最佳。Passage3語(yǔ)法解讀本文講述了影響餐飲業(yè)效益的幾個(gè)因素?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解讀】Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Rozeschainshop

39、salsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.分析：Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,主句是Rozeschainshops.diningout；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代主句中的anewstandard。1.B【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,在餐館里的燈光昏暗的情況下,顧客判斷不出自己吃了多少食物,即使吃多了也不會(huì)覺得飽,因?yàn)樗麄円庾R(shí)不到自己比平時(shí)吃得多。故答案為A。B項(xiàng)中的share與第三段中的shares意思不同,考生容易誤解。C項(xiàng)中的quality與文意不符,文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是量的問題。D項(xiàng)在文中未提及。2.A【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的Onewaytoen