醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語課件

MedicalTerminologyNursingCollegeQianHuangMedicalTerminologyNursingColMedicalTerminology醫(yī)學(xué)中用于描述疾病狀況、手術(shù)程序、用藥，解剖結(jié)構(gòu)等的術(shù)語。醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語多來源于拉丁語和希臘語，因此，它的單詞常具有復(fù)雜的讀音和冗長的拼寫形式。

MedicalTerminologyComponents詞根wordroot前綴prefix后綴suffixComponents詞根wordrootCombiningFormcombiningformwordrootcombiningvowelCombiningFormcombiningformwo

polyadenopathyprefixword

rootsuffixconditionglandmulticombiningformcombiningvowel

WordRoot詞根：它是一個(gè)詞的主要部分和基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)成醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語的基本意思。來源主要有兩個(gè)，希臘語和拉丁語。所有的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語單詞至少包含一個(gè)詞根，多的有兩個(gè)、三個(gè)甚至更多。tonsillectomy

扁桃體切除術(shù)cholecystectomy

膽囊切除術(shù)otorhinolaryngologist耳鼻喉專家WordRoot詞根：它是一個(gè)詞的主要部分和基礎(chǔ)CommonlyUsedWordRootwordrootmeaningExamplecardi(o)heartcardiopathy心臟病chol(e)gallcholecystectomy膽囊切除術(shù)splenspleensplenectomy脾切除術(shù)dermatskindermatitis皮炎histtissuehistology組織學(xué)hepatliverhepatitis肝炎neur(o)nervesneurodermatitis神經(jīng)性皮炎o(hù)ste(o)boneosteoma骨瘤sarcfleshsarcoma肉瘤gastr(o)stomachgastrectomy胃切除術(shù)

CommonlyUsedWordRootwordrUsage醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語的詞根不能單獨(dú)使用，其原因是它來源于不同的語言，拉丁語或希臘語，詞根本身沒有完整的意思，所以，當(dāng)它要表示完整的意思時(shí)，必須與其他構(gòu)詞成分連接在一起使用。eye:opthalmeyedoctor(T)opthalmdisease(F)opthalmicdisease(T)Usage醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語的詞根不能單獨(dú)使用，其原因是它來源Prefix

前綴：它是指連接在動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的前面，對(duì)這個(gè)詞本身進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明，提供一些額外的信息，比如器官的位置，涉及的時(shí)間等。operative手術(shù)的preoperative手術(shù)前postoperative手術(shù)后perioperative圍手術(shù)期Prefix前綴：它是指連接在動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞CommonlyUsedPrefixprefixmeaningexamplea-an-no,withoutanuria-absenceofurine無尿ab-awayfromabnormal-awayfromnormal異常anti-againstantibiotic-tendingtopreventlife抗生素bi-two,doublebiceps-musclehavingtwoheads二頭肌tri-threetriceps-musclehavingthreeheads三頭肌de-from,lackofdegerm-removegermfrom除菌dys-bad,difficultdysuria-difficulturinating排尿困難epi-over,uponepigastric-overthestomach胃上部的

CommonlyUsedPrefixprefixAntonym

ab-awayfrom離開ad-toward靠近

abduction-awayfromthemidline外展

adduction-movetowardthemidline內(nèi)收Antonymab-awayfrom離開Antonym

endo-withinorinside內(nèi)部exo,ex-withoutoroutof,awayfrom外部，離開

endogenic-originatingfrominside內(nèi)源性的

exogenic-originatingfromoutside外源性的Antonymendo-withinorinsideAntonymhyper-over,elevated超過，多hypo-lessthannormal,depressed低于，少

hypertension-elevatedamountoftension高血壓

hypotension-lessamountoftension低血壓

Antonymhyper-over,elevatedAntonymsuper,supra-above,beyond在…上方sub-below,under在…下方

suprarenal-abovethekidney腎上的

sublingual-underthetongue舌下的Antonymsuper,supra-above,beyoSuffix后綴：它是指連接在詞根后面，對(duì)詞根進(jìn)行修飾說明，用于表示狀況、疾病過程、手術(shù)操作程序等含義。Suffix后綴：它是指連接在詞根后面，對(duì)詞根進(jìn)行Surgical-ectomy-surgicalremovemastectomy乳房切除術(shù)-stomy-surgicalcreatedopengastrostomy胃造口術(shù)-tomy-cuttingintoorincisiongastrotomy胃切開-plasty-surgaicalrepairrhinoplasty鼻成形術(shù)Surgical-ectomy-surgicalremovProceduralgram-recordofsomethingelectrocardiogram心電圖grah-instrumentthatrecordselectrocardiograph心電圖描記器grahy-procedureelectrocardiography心電圖描記錄術(shù)scope-instrumentforviewingendoscope內(nèi)窺鏡scopy-procedureforviewingendoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢查法therapy-treatmentchemotherapy化療Proceduralgram-recordofsometCondition-emia-conditionofbloodleukaemia白血病-algia-painarthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛-itis-inflammationdermatitis皮炎-malacia-abnormalsofeningosteomalacia骨軟化sclerosis-abnormalhardeningarteriosclerosis動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化-megaly-enlargementcardiomegaly心臟肥大-oma-tumorlymphoma淋巴瘤-(o)sis-abnormalconditiontuberculosis結(jié)核病-pathy-diseaseenteropathy腸道疾病-um-structurepericardium

心包

Condition-emia-conditionofbl-an,ary,ine,ous,tic,eal,icovarian-pertainingtotheovary卵巢的alimentary-pertainingtothegastrointestinaltract消化道的uterine-pertainingtotheuterus子宮的cutaneous-pertainningtotheskin皮膚的nephritic-pertainingtohediseaseofkidney腎炎的laryngeal-pertainingtothethroat喉的ophthalmic-pertainingtotheeyes眼睛的，眼部的-an,ary,ine,ous,tic,eal,icovarMethodsbreakdownintodifferentpartsinterpretthemeaningofeachpartcombinethemMethodsbreakdownintodifferenSummarymedicalterminologywordrootprefixsuffixSummarywordrootprefixsuffixExercise請(qǐng)寫出下列醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語的含義，并將其分解為前綴、后綴和詞根等成分。

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