高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些1、名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)(2)不可數(shù)名詞(3)專(zhuān)有名詞(4)名詞所有格2、代詞(1)人稱代詞：主格和賓格形式(2)物主代詞：形容詞與名詞性形式(3)反身代詞：myself,himself,ourselves,etc.(4)指示代詞this,that,these,those(5)不定代詞some,any,no,etc.(6)疑問(wèn)代詞what,who,whose,which,etc.3、數(shù)詞(1)基數(shù)詞(2)序數(shù)詞4、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)詞：匯表中所列介詞的基本用法5、連詞：詞匯表中所列連詞的基本用法6、形容詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))(1)作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法(2)比較等級(jí)(原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))的基本用法①構(gòu)成-er,-est;more,themost②基本句型as+原級(jí)形式+as...notas(so)+原級(jí)形式+as...比較級(jí)形式+than...the+最高級(jí)形式+...in(of)...7、副詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))(1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等的基本用法(2)疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how(3)比較等級(jí)(原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))①構(gòu)成-er,-est;more,themost②基本句型as+原級(jí)形式+as...notas(so)+原級(jí)形式+as...比較級(jí)形式+than...the+最高級(jí)形式+...in(of)...8、冠詞：一般用法9、動(dòng)詞(1)行為動(dòng)詞或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞：①及物動(dòng)詞②不及物動(dòng)詞(2)連系動(dòng)詞be,look,turn,get,bee,etc.(3)助動(dòng)詞be,do,have,shall,will,etc.(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,may,must,need,etc.10、時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Igetupatsixo'clockeverymorning.Hedoesn'tspeakRussian.Theyareverybusy.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Whenyouseehim,tellhimtoetomyplace.I'llgotoseeyoutonightifI'mfree.(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)IwasinGradeOnelastyear.Igotupatfiveyesterday.(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)①shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形Ishall(will)gotoyourschooltomorrowafternoon.Shewillbeheretomorrow.②begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形I'mgoingtohelphim.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)We'rereadingthetextnow.They'rewaitingforabus.(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.(7)過(guò)去完成時(shí)WehadlearnedfourEnglishsongsbytheendoflastyear.ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgottothecinema.ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceheleftBeijing.(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemathatevening.BettysaidshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.11、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般將來(lái)時(shí))(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Englishistaughtinthatschool.(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thesongwaswrittenbythatworker.(3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Shemustbesenttohospitalatonce.(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thehomeworkwillbedoneintwohours.12、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1)動(dòng)詞不定式(全部掌握)①作主語(yǔ)Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.②作賓語(yǔ)Theybegantoread.③作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Jimaskedmetohelphimwithhislessons.Weoftenheardhersing.④作定語(yǔ)Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.⑤作狀語(yǔ)Shewenttoseehergrandmayesterday.⑥用在how,when,where,what,which等之后Idon'tknowhowtouseaputer.Doyouknowwhentostart?Hedidn'tknowwhattodonext.(2)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(3)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式13、構(gòu)詞法(1)合成法：classroom,something,reading-room(2)派生法：worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,cloudy,unhappy(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法：hand(n.)—hand(v.)dry(adj.)—dry(v.)(4)縮寫(xiě)和簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)14、句子種類(lèi)(1)陳述句(肯定式和否定式)(2)疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)(4)感嘆句15、句子成分(1)主語(yǔ)Bettylikeshernewbike.Hegetsupearlyeveryday.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.(2)謂語(yǔ)(主謂一致)Weworkhard.Theboycaughtabird.Heismybrother.Theyalllookfine.(3)表語(yǔ)Hersisterisanurse.It'sme.I'mready.Hegotangry.Wewereathomelastnight.Hiscupisbroken.(4)賓語(yǔ)Tomboughtastory-book.Isawhimyesterday.Hewantedtohaveacupoftea.(5)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)Hegavemesomeink.Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.(6)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)CallherXiaoLi.Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Johnaskedmetohelphim.(7)定語(yǔ)Thisisagreenjeep.Thisisanappletree.Arethesestudentsyourclassmates?Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(8)狀語(yǔ)Youarequiteright.ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.Hestoppedtohavealook.16、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型第一種：主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)Thebikeisnew/intheroom.第二種：主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)Heswims.第三種：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)Childrenoftensingthissong.第四種：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO)Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.第五種：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C)Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.第六種：therebe句型17、主謂一致—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea________invitedA.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)問(wèn)句的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。And連接的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，其前用every，each，no，manya等來(lái)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，故本題選D。A項(xiàng)主謂一致錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。18、并列復(fù)合句Helikesmaths,butheneedshelp.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.19、主從復(fù)合句(1)賓語(yǔ)從句Hesaid(that)hefeltsick.ItakebackwhatIsaid.Idon'tknowwhether(if)shestillworksinthefactory.Ican'ttellwhoisthere.CanyoutellmewheretheSummerPalaceis?(2)狀語(yǔ)從句ThetrainhadleftwhenIgottothestation.I'llgowithyoutothecinemathisafternoonifI'mfree.Thestudentswenttothefarmbecausethefarmersneededsomehelp.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Hewassotiredthathecouldn'twalkon.Jackworkedhardsothathemightgetagoodjob.DoctorWangwenttothehospitalthoughitrainedheavily.(3)定語(yǔ)從句Findthegirlwhoiswearingaredskirt.Showmethepicturethatyoulikebest.Colourthebirdswhich(that)areflying.(4)主語(yǔ)從句(5)同位語(yǔ)從句(6)表語(yǔ)從句20、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)“IwillgotoShijiazhuangtomorrow”，momsaid.→MomsaidshewouldgotoShijiazhuangthenextday.21、省略一、祈使句自然可省去主語(yǔ)，如：Leavehiminpeace!不要去打擾他!Comeatoneo'clocksharp.準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。Listentome,children!聽(tīng)我講，孩子們!Lookbothwaysbeforeyoucrosstheroad.過(guò)馬路之前要向兩邊看看。二、除祈使句外，還有其他省去主語(yǔ)的情況，如：Don'tknow.我不知道。(省去主語(yǔ)I)Begyourpardon.請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?省去主語(yǔ)I)Hadagoodtime,didn'tyou?玩得很好，不是嗎?(省去主語(yǔ)you)Doesn'tlooktoowell.他臉色不大好。(省去主語(yǔ)he或she)Lookslikerain.像是要下雨了。(省去主語(yǔ)it)三、Mustbesomebodywaitingforyou.一定是有人在等你。Appearstobeabigcrowdinthehall.大廳里似乎有一大群人。22、倒裝一、全部倒裝全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1.here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be,e,go,lie,run。例如：1)Theregoesthebell.鈴聲漸漸消失了。2)Thencamethechairman.然后主席就來(lái)了3)Hereisyourletter.這是你的信。2.表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：1)Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。2)Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：1)Herehees.他來(lái)了。2)Awaytheywent.他們走了。二、部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。1.句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。例如：1)NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演。2)Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。3)Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間。注意：當(dāng)Notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：1)Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演。2)Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間。2.帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語(yǔ)序需要部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)有：not,never,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,atnotime,notonly,notonce,underoncondition,hardly…when,nosooner…than…等。例如：1)Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。2)Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她剛要出門(mén)時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)找她。3)Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她剛要走時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)看她。注意：只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.我和你都喜歡音樂(lè)。3.表示“也”、“也不”的so,neither,nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。例如：1)TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Tom能說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，我也能。2)Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.如果你不去，我也不去。注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。例如：1)TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。2)---It'sraininghard.---Soitis.---雨下得很大。---的確很大。4.only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)(副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等)，全句語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。例如：Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidheetothemeeting.他被請(qǐng)了三次才來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。三、as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞，副詞，分詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞;2)句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來(lái)都不能令他的工作満意。注意：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。四、其他部分倒裝1.so…that句型中的so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。2.在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：Mayyouallbehappy.望大家開(kāi)心愉快。3.在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.如果我是你，我就再試一次。23、強(qiáng)調(diào)一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或狀語(yǔ))，常用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的it在句子中作主句的主語(yǔ);被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ);強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that和who都可用。如：LastnightIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：ItwasIthat(or:who)sawafilmintheYouthPalacelastnight.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：ItwasafilmthatIsawintheYouthPalacelastnight.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：ItwasintheYouthPalacethatIsawafilmlastnight.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ItwaslastnightthatIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.另外，還要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1)在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.2)即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.3)在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用when，where，why或how，而要用that。如：Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn'tgowithus.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlythatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.Itwasthehousethatthemurderhappened.4)在強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until短語(yǔ)(或從句)表示的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis(was)notuntil……that……注意此時(shí)原句的not…until要變成notuntil，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。如：Myfatherdidn'tehomeuntil12o'clocklastnight.Itwasnotuntil12o'clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.5)原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的各種時(shí)態(tài)，用Itis…that(who)…;如果原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去各種時(shí)態(tài)，則用Itwas…that(who)…6)在強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問(wèn)句中的某一成分時(shí)，主句要用一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后詞序及詞形都不可以改動(dòng)。如：DidthishappeninBeijing?WasitinBeijingthatthishappened?7)特殊疑問(wèn)句中只有疑問(wèn)詞可以強(qiáng)調(diào)，其強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞+is(was)itthat……?"如：Wherewereyouborn?Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?8)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型容易和句型Itis/was+名詞+that名詞從句混淆。如果把構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的詞Itis(was)…that(who)…去掉，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分歸位后，應(yīng)該能夠形成一個(gè)完整的句子(這也是判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的方法)。但后者的Itis/was…that是不可去掉的，否則that前的名詞就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面這個(gè)句子如去掉Itis/was…that就不再完整：Itwastheruleoftheschoolthatthepupilsshouldweartheirschooluniforms.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還容易跟Itis/was+形容詞+that名詞從句這一句型混淆。如：Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain……)that……該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為”清楚(顯然，真的，肯定…)”是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.9)強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以用作賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Hetoldmethatitwasbecausehewaslateforclassthathewaspunished.Ireallycan’trememberwhereitwasthatIfirstmettheman.10)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可有如下變體：Itis/was變成“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be”。如：Itmaybemybikethatheisriding.Itmusthavebeenthemanagerthatspoketoyou.11)與疑問(wèn)詞連用構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句。如：WhomwasitthatMr.Smithsawintheparkyesterday?Whyisitthatsilverisnotwidelyusedasaconductor?Whatabeautifulpictureitisthatyouhavedrawn!12)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞可帶有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：WasitBill,whoplaysfootballwell,thathelpedtheblindmancrosstheroad?Itwasintheschool,where(or：inwhich)Ioncestudied,thatweholdaparty.Wasitinthehouse,whichwevisitedlastyear,thatthemurderhappened?二、用助動(dòng)詞do或其變化形式does，did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)陳述句和祈使句的語(yǔ)氣，譯作“的確”，“一定”，“確實(shí)”。如：Hedidsendyoualetterlastweek.We’repleasedthatshedoesintendtoe.Dowritetomewhenyougetthere.三、用倒裝句來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.NeverwillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Infrontofthefarmhousetheresatalittleboy.四、用形容詞，副詞或者否定詞very,never,ever,even,still,single，simply,just,only,too等來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Atthatverymonentheheardacryforhelp.Ican'tevenrememberthenameofthatoldfriendofmine.Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon.YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChinese.ThisisjustwhatIwanted.五、用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或wh-疑問(wèn)詞+ever構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句中的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。如：WhatMarydoeseverydayistogivepianolessons.Wheneveryouetome,youcanerightin.六、反復(fù)使用同一個(gè)詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可反復(fù)使用詞的一般是動(dòng)詞，副詞，形容詞和名詞。如：Heworked(and)workeduntillateatnight.Theywalkedformilesandmiles.I'llnever,neverforgetyou.七、用“atall”，“ineveryway”，“innoway”，“byallmeans”，“bynomeans”，“onlytoo”，“alltoo”，“buttoo”，“inheaven”，“intheworld”，“inhell”，“onearth”，“underthesun”等來(lái)加強(qiáng)疑問(wèn)或否定語(yǔ)氣。如：Whereintheworlddidyougojustnow?Whatonearthareyoudoing?She'snotintheleastangrywithme.Theclerkisnotatallfitforthepost.八、用感嘆句來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的感情，突出說(shuō)話人的情感。如：Howinterestingastoryitis!九、用反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Imyselfwillseeheroffatthestation.Youcandoitwellyourself.十、用破折號(hào)、黑體字也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：It'sbecauseofhardwork—tenyearsofhardwork.24、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1)概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系句型：條件從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhees,hewillbringhisviolin.非真實(shí)條件句1)時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句型：條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句型：條件從句主句過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would)have+過(guò)去分詞Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含義：Hedidnoteyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含義：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假想句型：條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式would+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(過(guò)去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略，再把were,should或had移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoueearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞'be'的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were"，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞：should1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。句型：(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)etoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,re