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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項選擇題
Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.
Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.
Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.
Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.
1.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney().
2.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas().
3.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe()ofclothing.
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
5.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”(Para.4,Line1-2),thewritermeansthat().
問題1選項
A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry
B.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothing
C.becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions
D.becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing
問題2選項
A.awasteofmoney
B.anexpressionofcreativity
C.anexpressionoftaste
D.awasteoftime
問題3選項
A.cost
B.appearance
C.comfort
D.suitability
問題4選項
A.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.
B.Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.
C.Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.
D.Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.
問題5選項
A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat
B.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion
C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners
D.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores(因為她們一想到穿著過時的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會顫抖,她們總是被設(shè)計師和大商店利用)以及第二段第一句Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn(時尚的變化只不過是故意制造浪費。許多婦女每年花大量的錢來更換幾乎沒穿過的衣服)可以判斷出B選項“通過不斷改變婦女服裝的時尚”正確;A選項“通過殘酷剝削服裝業(yè)的女工”和C選項“因為他們能預(yù)測新時尚”錯誤,原文并沒有提及;根據(jù)第三段第二句Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability(時裝設(shè)計師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素)可以得知D選項“因為他們非常重視婦女服裝的質(zhì)量”錯誤;因此B選項符合題意。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段第三句Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave(那些不能以這種方式扔掉衣服的女人,會浪費她們的時間來修改她們已有的衣服),可知D選項“浪費時間”正確;根據(jù)第二段第二句Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn(許多婦女每年花大量的錢來更換幾乎沒穿過的衣服)可以得知A選項“浪費錢”錯誤,題目問的是作者對于女性改變她們老式服裝這件事的態(tài)度;B選項“一種創(chuàng)造力的表達(dá)”以及C選項“一種品味的表達(dá)”在文中都沒有提到;因此D選項符合題意。
第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.(時裝設(shè)計師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素。他們只對外表感興趣,并利用女人只要看起來漂亮就會忍受種種不適這一事實)可以判斷出C選項“舒適”正確以及B選項“外貌,外觀;出現(xiàn),露面”錯誤;根據(jù)原文第一段Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.(如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無情地剝削,那只能怪她們自己。因為她們一想到穿著過時的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會顫抖,她們總是被設(shè)計師和大商店利用)可知作者認(rèn)為時尚界是在利用女性,并且認(rèn)為時尚圈沒有對社會做出真正的貢獻(xiàn),因此A選項“費用,代價,成本”并不是作者所考慮的內(nèi)容;D選項“適合;適當(dāng)”在文章中未提及;因此C選項符合題意。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一二句Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores(如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無情地剝削,那只能怪她們自己。因為她們一想到穿著過時的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會顫抖,她們總是被設(shè)計師和大商店利用),可知A選項“時裝的新款式是為對女性的商業(yè)剝削而創(chuàng)造的”正確;B選項“女人服裝的不斷變化反映了她們性格的力量”和D選項“時尚設(shè)計不應(yīng)該被鼓勵,因為它們只受女性歡迎”未在原文中提起;根據(jù)第三段第一句Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety(沒有人能說時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對社會做出了真正重要的貢獻(xiàn))可以得知C選項“時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對社會做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)”錯誤;因此A選項符合題意。
第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到最后一段第一句Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.(當(dāng)把男人和女人在時尚方面進(jìn)行比較時,得出的結(jié)論是顯而易見的)以及第三句Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.(男人很聰明,不會讓時裝設(shè)計師欺騙自己)可以判斷出B選項“男人在時尚問題上更講道理”正確;根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes(幾乎每個男人在他的一生中,看到一個女人在冬天穿著單薄的衣服瑟瑟發(fā)抖,或者穿著高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走時,都會微笑)可知A選項“女人在衣著選擇上的反復(fù)無常經(jīng)常被嘲笑”錯誤,和原文表達(dá)的含義不符合;C選項“男人們也被時裝設(shè)計師極大地利用了”在文章中未提及;根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段theytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright(他們利用女人只要看起來漂亮就會忍受種種不適這一事實)可知文章只是說利用這件事,并不是說女人更能忍受不適,也不是題目所問的結(jié)論指代的內(nèi)容,D選項“女人更能忍受不適”錯誤;因此B選項符合題意。
2.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.
Whatmakesahome?Loveandcomfort.Itisaplacewherekindlyaffectionsexistamongallthemembersofthefamily.
Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.Yourhomemaybepoorandhumble,butitistheplaceyouhavethedutytotrytomakeitcheerfulandcomfortable.Ahomeismorethanafamilydwelling.Itisalsoaschoolinwhichpeoplearetrainedforcitizenship.Itisthebasisandoriginofcivilization.
【答案】組成家庭的因素是什么?愛和安慰。家是一個所有家庭成員凝結(jié)愛的地方。
一個沒有愛的家庭稱不上是家,就像沒有靈魂的軀體不再是人一樣。你的家可能貧窮而簡陋,但你有職責(zé)努力讓它變得愉快和舒適。家不僅僅是一個供人居住的地方,它也是一個培養(yǎng)人們成為公民的場所,是文明的基礎(chǔ)和起源。
3.單選題
Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.
問題1選項
A.pernicious
B.prevalent
C.preventive
D.perpetual
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pernicious“有害的;惡性的;致命的;險惡的”;B選項prevalent“流行的;普遍的,廣傳的”;C選項preventive“預(yù)防性的,防備的;防病的”;D選項perpetual“永久的;不斷的;四季開花的;無期限的”。句意:工程師們對他們公司資助的項目普遍持否定態(tài)度,這是合同遲遲沒有簽訂的原因。本句關(guān)鍵詞pervasive表示“普遍的;到處滲透的;流行的”,四個選項中B選項最合適,因此B選項正確。
4.單選題
Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.
問題1選項
A.minimized
B.deployed
C.inclined
D.mingled
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項minimized“使減到最少;小看,極度輕視;最小化”;B選項deployed“配置;展開;使疏開;部署”;C選項inclined“使……傾向”;D選項mingled“(使)相混,融合;摻和;(在社交場合)相交往,應(yīng)酬”。句意:如果按目前的開采速度繼續(xù)下去,這些自然資源遲早會枯竭。本句關(guān)鍵詞bedepleted表示“被耗盡”,beminimized可以做同義替換,表示被最小化,被減到最少;因此A選項正確。
5.單選題
Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite()asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.
問題1選項
A.respectable
B.respective
C.respected
D.respectful
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。respectable“值得尊敬的”;respective“分別的,各自的”;respected“受尊敬的”;respectful“恭敬的,有禮貌的”。空格后的as引導(dǎo)了一個原因狀語從句,“在大多數(shù)夜晚,他都喝醉了唱歌吵醒他們”,所以前面應(yīng)該是“鄰居們認(rèn)為他不值得尊敬”,選項A符合題意。
6.單選題
Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor()door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.
問題1選項
A.fickle
B.canvass
C.boon
D.deride
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞和動詞辨析。A選項fickle“浮躁的,易變的”;B選項canvass“游說,推銷”;C選項boon“愉快的,慷慨的”;D選項deride“嘲笑,嘲弄”。句意:那些擁有大量房產(chǎn)但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級抵押貸款公司的目標(biāo),這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號碼簿或在目標(biāo)郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進(jìn)行推銷。本句表示向目標(biāo)房主進(jìn)行推銷。因此B選項正確。
7.單選題
Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen()thegoalofapracticalandeconomicalwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.
問題1選項
A.pursuing
B.chasing
C.reaching
D.winning
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。pursue“追求;從事”;chase“追趕”;reach“到達(dá)”;win“贏得”。根據(jù)havebeen可知后面接一個表持續(xù)狀態(tài)的動詞,以及賓語為goal,可知選項C符合題意。
8.單選題
Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨礙)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.
“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.
ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining(抱怨),whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.
Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.
Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.
ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.
1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”?
2.AccordingtotheILOreport,().
3.TheILOreport().
4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?
問題1選項
A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.
B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.
C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.
D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.
問題2選項
A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels
B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms
C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms
D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms
問題3選項
A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.
B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.
C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.
D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.
問題4選項
A.Sexualharassment
B.Complaining
C.Protesting
D.Tryingtobefriendly
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“報告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思?”文章第一段最后一句話提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見和體系所造成的一種無形的障礙”(“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks);第一段提到國際勞動組織寫的一篇報告,報告強調(diào)了女性進(jìn)入高層的一些體制和態(tài)度上的偏見(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs),因此選項A“(玻璃天花板)指存在于一些公司的偏見和體系”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)國際勞工組織報道……”。文章第一段第一句話提到“世界可能正在對女性變得友好,但是企業(yè)董事會卻沒有,聯(lián)合國最近發(fā)布的一項調(diào)查顯示,在西方公司,女性在最高管理職位中所占的比例不到3%”(Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently),由此可知選項D“除了在西方公司的董事會,女性的生活變好”符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“國際勞工組織報道……”。文章第一段提到國際勞工組織報告稱,女性占全球勞動力的40%以上,但即使她們通過了“玻璃天花板——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見和體系所造成的一種無形的障礙——她們的收入也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于男性”(Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid),由此可知選項C“悲觀,因為即使少部分女性進(jìn)入了高層,她們的收入還是少很多”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在與性騷擾作斗爭時,女性沒有采用下列哪項策略?”文章第三段提到抗議和抱怨使她們背負(fù)上了“女權(quán)主義者”和“發(fā)牢騷”的名號,同時想喝男性打成一片又招來了更多的騷擾(“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining,whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment),由此可知“抱怨”“抗議”“試圖友好”都是女性采取的措施,所以選項A符合題意。
9.單選題
Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely()myideastoproveyourpoint.
問題1選項
A.revising
B.distorting
C.distracting
D.contradicting
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revise“修訂”;distort“扭曲”;distract“轉(zhuǎn)移,分心”;contradict“反駁,否定”。根據(jù)Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本沒有說過那樣的話”可知“為了證明你的觀點,將我的想法扭曲了”符合語境,因此選項B符合題意。
10.單選題
Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either()orsignificant.
問題1選項
A.preliminary
B.versatile
C.trivial
D.alternate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。preliminary“初步的”;versatile“多才多藝的”;trivial“不重要的”;alternate“交替的”。根據(jù)orsignificant可知空格處詞語的意思應(yīng)該與significant相反,因此選項C符合題意。
11.單選題
Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled().
問題1選項
A.insincere
B.premise
C.premature
D.presumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。insincere“不誠懇的”,形容詞;premise“前提,假設(shè)”;premature“過早發(fā)生的事物;早產(chǎn)兒”;presumption“假定,推定”。根據(jù)conclusion“結(jié)論”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前”可知“稱為推定”符合語境,因此選項D符合題意。
12.單選題
Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitationfarfrombeingsymptomaticofalackoforiginality,isthestepinlearningtobe().
問題1選項
A.elegant
B.creative
C.confident
D.imaginary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的,優(yōu)雅的”;creative“創(chuàng)造性的”;confident“自信的,確信的”;imaginary“虛構(gòu)的”。根據(jù)分析句子可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與originality相似的單詞,因此選項B符合題意。
13.單選題
IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.
ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.
Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.
Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.
Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.
Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.
Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.
Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.
1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?
2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat().
3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?
4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?
5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom().
問題1選項
A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.
B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.
C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.
D.Allofabove.
問題2選項
A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon
B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench
C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage
D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench
問題3選項
A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.
B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.
C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.
D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.
問題4選項
A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.
B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.
C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.
D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.
問題5選項
A.borrowing
B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage
C.combinationoftwooldwords
D.dailynewspaperormagazine
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)作者的觀點,詞匯可能會發(fā)生什么變化?”文章最后一段第一句話提到“詞匯量可能繼續(xù)擴大”(thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand),因此可知選項C表述正確;接下來提到“意義將越來越取決于詞序和上下文,并且拼寫將變得簡單”(Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants),因此可知選項A與B表述正確。綜上,選項D“以上都是”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“1066年以后,英國最重要的語言變化是……”文章第四段第一句話提到“盡管如此,大眾還是繼續(xù)說盎格魯-薩克遜語,并且將它重建為上層階級的語言”(Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses),因此選項C“盎格魯-薩克遜被設(shè)置成主導(dǎo)語言”符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么語法上的變化不被注意?”文章第六段提到“這樣的變化(指語法變化)最快也不過幾代人或幾十年,所以除了語法學(xué)家,其他人都沒有注意到”(Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians),因此選項A“因為變化是在幾代人或幾十年里發(fā)生”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么做這些改變?”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“沒有人知道為什么做出這些改變”(Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade),因此選項C符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知,大部分新單詞來源于……”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這些新詞大多不是借用而來,而是從語言的自然發(fā)展中來的”(Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage),因此選項B符合題意。
14.單選題
Inflationisaneconomicconditionin(1)pricesforconsumergoods(2)andthe(3)ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.
Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto(4)awarorcarry(5)socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto(6)thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply(7)themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto(8)thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto(9)decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.(10)peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods(11)televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.
Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to(12)demand.(13),ifpeople
thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.(14)ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages(15)to(16)thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe(17).(18)summary,allofthesecausescan(19)inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,(20)governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.
問題1選項
A.which
B.that
C.this
D.what
問題2選項
A.lower
B.raise
C.decrease
D.increase
問題3選項
A.cost
B.price
C.value
D.spending
問題4選項
A.fight
B.pay
C.offer
D.finance
問題5選項
A.out
B.off
C.on
D.away
問題6選項
A.compensate
B.offset
C.exchange
D.accomplish
問題7選項
A.expand
B.spend
C.extend
D.explore
問題8選項
A.respond
B.return
C.meet
D.spend
問題9選項
A.excessively
B.automatically
C.timely
D.exceedingly
問題10選項
A.Whether
B.If
C.Though
D.Forfearthat
問題11選項
A.like
B.of
C.as
D.except
問題12選項
A.plenty
B.comply
C.satisfy
D.supply
問題13選項
A.Nevertheless
B.Otherwise
C.However
D.Furthermore
問題14選項
A.uninteresting
B.interesting
C.interested
D.interest
問題15選項
A.shouldincrease
B.increased
C.increase
D.beincreased
問題16選項
A.restrict
B.impose
C.cover
D.protest
問題17選項
A.controller
B.consumer
C.employer
D.manager
問題18選項
A.In
B.At
C.On
D.By
問題19選項
A.create
B.invent
C.discover
D.result
問題20選項
A.insufficient
B.processing
C.productive
D.excessive
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:B
第11題:A
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:D
第15題:D
第16題:C
第17題:B
第18題:A
第19題:A
第20題:D
【解析】1.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處缺少一個引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,先行詞是economiccondition,介詞后面的定語從句引導(dǎo)詞不能用that,因此選項A符合題意。
2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動詞應(yīng)該與decrease相反,所以選項D符合題意。
3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)并列連詞or可知其前后的內(nèi)容是相近的,因此the____ofmoney應(yīng)該與purchasingpower意思相近,因此選項C符合題意。
4.考查動詞詞義辨析。fight“與……打仗”;pay“支付”;offer“提供”;finance“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney(花更多的錢),可知前面是花錢在戰(zhàn)爭上,因此financeawar符合題意。
5.考查詞組辨析。carryout“實施”;carryoff“奪去,奪得”;carryon“繼續(xù),參與”;carryaway“運走,使失去自制力”。與socialprogram搭配的動詞詞組是carryout,所以選項A符合題意。
6.考查固定搭配。compensate“補償,賠償”;offset“抵消;補償”;exchange“交換”;accomplish“完成,實現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補財政赤字”為固定搭配,選項B符合題意。
7.考查動詞詞義辨析。expand“擴張”;spend“度過,花費”;extend“延伸”;explore“探索”。根據(jù)后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴大紙幣供應(yīng),因此選項A符合題意。
8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務(wù)”的固定搭配,選項C符合題意。
9.考查副詞詞義辨析。excessively“過分地”;automatically“自動地”;timely“及時地”;exceedingly“非常;極其”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵贺泿殴?yīng)量的增加將會導(dǎo)致貨幣價值自動下降。因此選項B符合題意。
10.考查條件狀語從句。根據(jù)后面的主句theywillrunout…,主句使用將來時態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個條件狀語從句,因此選項B符合題意。
11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods,前者是對后者具體的舉例說明,因此選項A符合題意。
12.考查詞義辨析。plenty“足夠的”;comply“遵守,遵從”;satisfy“滿足,說服”;supply“供給,提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會以更高的價格生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品”,to表目的,“為了滿足需求”,選項C符合題意。
13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup(如果人們認(rèn)為快銷產(chǎn)品的價格正在上漲),可知與前句是一個遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系,因此選項D符合題意。
14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法,選項D符合題意。
15.考查虛擬語氣。demand后接賓語從句時,從句的謂語一般要用虛擬語氣:should+動詞原形,其中should可以省略;此外,workswages與動詞increase之間是被動關(guān)系,因此要用被動式,選項D符合題意。
16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費用”是固定用法,選項C符合題意。
17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”;consumer“消費者,用戶”;employer“老板,雇主”;manager“經(jīng)理,管理人員”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a(chǎn)方為滿足要求會將生產(chǎn)成本加在消費者身上,因此選項B符合題意。
18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來,總之”是固定用法,選項A符合題意。
19.考查動詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems(所有這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹問題),四個選項中A與D都有“導(dǎo)致”的意思,但是result通常與介詞in連用,因此選項A符合題意。
20.考查詞義辨析。insufficient“不足的”;processing“加工”;productive“能生產(chǎn)的”;excessive“過多的”。文章講述了導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹的三個因素,第二段第二句話Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending,由此可知選項D符合題意。
15.單選題
WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.
問題1選項
A.broken
B.raised
C.solved
D.concluded
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項broken“折斷;打碎;損壞”;B選項raised“提高,舉起;使(面包)發(fā)酵;撫育,撫養(yǎng)”;C選項solved“解決;解答”;D選項concluded“結(jié)束;推斷;作結(jié)論”。句意:當(dāng)你和一個阿拉伯人做生意時,你不得不忍受幾個小時的閑聊,等待商業(yè)的話題被提起。本句關(guān)鍵詞bebroached表示“被提出”,beraised可以做同義替換,表示被提出。因此B選
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