2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)53

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

1.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney（）.

2.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas（）.

3.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe（）ofclothing.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”（Para.4,Line1-2）,thewritermeansthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry

B.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothing

C.becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions

D.becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.awasteofmoney

B.anexpressionofcreativity

C.anexpressionoftaste

D.awasteoftime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.appearance

C.comfort

D.suitability

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.

B.Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.

C.Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.

D.Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion

C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^(guò)時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用）以及第二段第一句Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（時(shí)尚的變化只不過(guò)是故意制造浪費(fèi)。許多婦女每年花大量的錢(qián)來(lái)更換幾乎沒(méi)穿過(guò)的衣服）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)不斷改變婦女服裝的時(shí)尚”正確；A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)殘酷剝削服裝業(yè)的女工”和C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兡茴A(yù)測(cè)新時(shí)尚”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)第三段第二句Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素）可以得知D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兎浅Ｖ匾晪D女服裝的質(zhì)量”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段第三句Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave（那些不能以這種方式扔掉衣服的女人，會(huì)浪費(fèi)她們的時(shí)間來(lái)修改她們已有的衣服），可知D選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)時(shí)間”正確；根據(jù)第二段第二句Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（許多婦女每年花大量的錢(qián)來(lái)更換幾乎沒(méi)穿過(guò)的衣服）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)錢(qián)”錯(cuò)誤，題目問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于女性改變她們老式服裝這件事的態(tài)度；B選項(xiàng)“一種創(chuàng)造力的表達(dá)”以及C選項(xiàng)“一種品味的表達(dá)”在文中都沒(méi)有提到；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.（時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素。他們只對(duì)外表感興趣，并利用女人只要看起來(lái)漂亮就會(huì)忍受種種不適這一事實(shí)）可以判斷出C選項(xiàng)“舒適”正確以及B選項(xiàng)“外貌，外觀；出現(xiàn)，露面”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文第一段Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.（如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無(wú)情地剝削，那只能怪她們自己。因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^(guò)時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用）可知作者認(rèn)為時(shí)尚界是在利用女性，并且認(rèn)為時(shí)尚圈沒(méi)有對(duì)社會(huì)做出真正的貢獻(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)“費(fèi)用，代價(jià)，成本”并不是作者所考慮的內(nèi)容；D選項(xiàng)“適合；適當(dāng)”在文章中未提及；因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一二句Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無(wú)情地剝削，那只能怪她們自己。因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^(guò)時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)裝的新款式是為對(duì)女性的商業(yè)剝削而創(chuàng)造的”正確；B選項(xiàng)“女人服裝的不斷變化反映了她們性格的力量”和D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)不應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)，因?yàn)樗鼈冎皇芘詺g迎”未在原文中提起；根據(jù)第三段第一句Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety（沒(méi)有人能說(shuō)時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)社會(huì)做出了真正重要的貢獻(xiàn)）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)社會(huì)做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)”錯(cuò)誤；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到最后一段第一句Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.（當(dāng)把男人和女人在時(shí)尚方面進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，得出的結(jié)論是顯而易見(jiàn)的）以及第三句Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.（男人很聰明，不會(huì)讓時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙自己）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“男人在時(shí)尚問(wèn)題上更講道理”正確；根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes（幾乎每個(gè)男人在他的一生中，看到一個(gè)女人在冬天穿著單薄的衣服瑟瑟發(fā)抖，或者穿著高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走時(shí)，都會(huì)微笑）可知A選項(xiàng)“女人在衣著選擇上的反復(fù)無(wú)常經(jīng)常被嘲笑”錯(cuò)誤，和原文表達(dá)的含義不符合；C選項(xiàng)“男人們也被時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師極大地利用了”在文章中未提及；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段theytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright（他們利用女人只要看起來(lái)漂亮就會(huì)忍受種種不適這一事實(shí)）可知文章只是說(shuō)利用這件事，并不是說(shuō)女人更能忍受不適，也不是題目所問(wèn)的結(jié)論指代的內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“女人更能忍受不適”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Whatmakesahome?Loveandcomfort.Itisaplacewherekindlyaffectionsexistamongallthemembersofthefamily.

Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.Yourhomemaybepoorandhumble,butitistheplaceyouhavethedutytotrytomakeitcheerfulandcomfortable.Ahomeismorethanafamilydwelling.Itisalsoaschoolinwhichpeoplearetrainedforcitizenship.Itisthebasisandoriginofcivilization.

【答案】組成家庭的因素是什么？愛(ài)和安慰。家是一個(gè)所有家庭成員凝結(jié)愛(ài)的地方。

一個(gè)沒(méi)有愛(ài)的家庭稱不上是家，就像沒(méi)有靈魂的軀體不再是人一樣。你的家可能貧窮而簡(jiǎn)陋，但你有職責(zé)努力讓它變得愉快和舒適。家不僅僅是一個(gè)供人居住的地方，它也是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)人們成為公民的場(chǎng)所，是文明的基礎(chǔ)和起源。

3.單選題

Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pernicious

B.prevalent

C.preventive

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險(xiǎn)惡的”；B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項(xiàng)preventive“預(yù)防性的，防備的；防病的”；D選項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的；不斷的；四季開(kāi)花的；無(wú)期限的”。句意：工程師們對(duì)他們公司資助的項(xiàng)目普遍持否定態(tài)度，這是合同遲遲沒(méi)有簽訂的原因。本句關(guān)鍵詞pervasive表示“普遍的；到處滲透的；流行的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中B選項(xiàng)最合適，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimized

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)minimized“使減到最少；小看，極度輕視；最小化”；B選項(xiàng)deployed“配置；展開(kāi)；使疏開(kāi)；部署”；C選項(xiàng)inclined“使……傾向”；D選項(xiàng)mingled“（使）相混，融合；摻和；（在社交場(chǎng)合）相交往，應(yīng)酬”。句意：如果按目前的開(kāi)采速度繼續(xù)下去，這些自然資源遲早會(huì)枯竭。本句關(guān)鍵詞bedepleted表示“被耗盡”，beminimized可以做同義替換，表示被最小化，被減到最少；因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite（）asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectable

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。respectable“值得尊敬的”；respective“分別的，各自的”；respected“受尊敬的”；respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”。空格后的as引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，“在大多數(shù)夜晚，他都喝醉了唱歌吵醒他們”，所以前面應(yīng)該是“鄰居們認(rèn)為他不值得尊敬”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor（）door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fickle

B.canvass

C.boon

D.deride

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fickle“浮躁的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)canvass“游說(shuō)，推銷”；C選項(xiàng)boon“愉快的，慷慨的”；D選項(xiàng)deride“嘲笑，嘲弄”。句意：那些擁有大量房產(chǎn)但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級(jí)抵押貸款公司的目標(biāo)，這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號(hào)碼簿或在目標(biāo)郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進(jìn)行推銷。本句表示向目標(biāo)房主進(jìn)行推銷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen（）thegoalofapracticalandeconomicalwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuing

B.chasing

C.reaching

D.winning

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pursue“追求；從事”；chase“追趕”；reach“到達(dá)”；win“贏得”。根據(jù)havebeen可知后面接一個(gè)表持續(xù)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，以及賓語(yǔ)為goal，可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨礙)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.

“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.

ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining（抱怨），whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.

Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.

Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.

ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.

1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”？

2.AccordingtotheILOreport,（）.

3.TheILOreport（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.

B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.

C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.

D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels

B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms

C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms

D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.

B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.

C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.

D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Sexualharassment

B.Complaining

C.Protesting

D.Tryingtobefriendly

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“報(bào)告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見(jiàn)和體系所造成的一種無(wú)形的障礙”（“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks）；第一段提到國(guó)際勞動(dòng)組織寫(xiě)的一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了女性進(jìn)入高層的一些體制和態(tài)度上的偏見(jiàn)(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs)，因此選項(xiàng)A“（玻璃天花板）指存在于一些公司的偏見(jiàn)和體系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段第一句話提到“世界可能正在對(duì)女性變得友好，但是企業(yè)董事會(huì)卻沒(méi)有，聯(lián)合國(guó)最近發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，在西方公司，女性在最高管理職位中所占的比例不到3%”（Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“除了在西方公司的董事會(huì)，女性的生活變好”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段提到國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)告稱，女性占全球勞動(dòng)力的40%以上，但即使她們通過(guò)了“玻璃天花板——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見(jiàn)和體系所造成的一種無(wú)形的障礙——她們的收入也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于男性”（Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“悲觀，因?yàn)榧词股俨糠峙赃M(jìn)入了高層，她們的收入還是少很多”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在與性騷擾作斗爭(zhēng)時(shí)，女性沒(méi)有采用下列哪項(xiàng)策略？”文章第三段提到抗議和抱怨使她們背負(fù)上了“女權(quán)主義者”和“發(fā)牢騷”的名號(hào)，同時(shí)想喝男性打成一片又招來(lái)了更多的騷擾（“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining，whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment），由此可知“抱怨”“抗議”“試圖友好”都是女性采取的措施，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely（）myideastoproveyourpoint.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revising

B.distorting

C.distracting

D.contradicting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revise“修訂”；distort“扭曲”;distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；contradict“反駁，否定”。根據(jù)Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本沒(méi)有說(shuō)過(guò)那樣的話”可知“為了證明你的觀點(diǎn)，將我的想法扭曲了”符合語(yǔ)境，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either（）orsignificant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preliminary

B.versatile

C.trivial

D.alternate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。preliminary“初步的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；trivial“不重要的”；alternate“交替的”。根據(jù)orsignificant可知空格處詞語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)該與significant相反，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。insincere“不誠(chéng)懇的”，形容詞；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；premature“過(guò)早發(fā)生的事物；早產(chǎn)兒”;presumption“假定，推定”。根據(jù)conclusion“結(jié)論”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前”可知“稱為推定”符合語(yǔ)境，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitationfarfrombeingsymptomaticofalackoforiginality,isthestepinlearningtobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegant

B.creative

C.confident

D.imaginary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的，優(yōu)雅的”；creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；confident“自信的，確信的”；imaginary“虛構(gòu)的”。根據(jù)分析句子可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與originality相似的單詞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat（）.

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，詞匯可能會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化？”文章最后一段第一句話提到“詞匯量可能繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大”（thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand），因此可知選項(xiàng)C表述正確；接下來(lái)提到“意義將越來(lái)越取決于詞序和上下文，并且拼寫(xiě)將變得簡(jiǎn)單”（Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants），因此可知選項(xiàng)A與B表述正確。綜上，選項(xiàng)D“以上都是”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“1066年以后，英國(guó)最重要的語(yǔ)言變化是……”文章第四段第一句話提到“盡管如此，大眾還是繼續(xù)說(shuō)盎格魯-薩克遜語(yǔ)，并且將它重建為上層階級(jí)的語(yǔ)言”（Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses），因此選項(xiàng)C“盎格魯-薩克遜被設(shè)置成主導(dǎo)語(yǔ)言”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么語(yǔ)法上的變化不被注意？”文章第六段提到“這樣的變化（指語(yǔ)法變化）最快也不過(guò)幾代人或幾十年，所以除了語(yǔ)法學(xué)家，其他人都沒(méi)有注意到”（Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians），因此選項(xiàng)A“因?yàn)樽兓窃趲状嘶驇资昀锇l(fā)生”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么做這些改變？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“沒(méi)有人知道為什么做出這些改變”（Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，大部分新單詞來(lái)源于……”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這些新詞大多不是借用而來(lái)，而是從語(yǔ)言的自然發(fā)展中來(lái)的”（Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods（11）televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13），ifpeople

thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.what

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lower

B.raise

C.decrease

D.increase

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.price

C.value

D.spending

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fight

B.pay

C.offer

D.finance

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.off

C.on

D.away

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.offset

C.exchange

D.accomplish

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expand

B.spend

C.extend

D.explore

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.respond

B.return

C.meet

D.spend

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.timely

D.exceedingly

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Whether

B.If

C.Though

D.Forfearthat

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.of

C.as

D.except

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.plenty

B.comply

C.satisfy

D.supply

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Furthermore

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.uninteresting

B.interesting

C.interested

D.interest

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.shouldincrease

B.increased

C.increase

D.beincreased

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.impose

C.cover

D.protest

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.controller

B.consumer

C.employer

D.manager

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.By

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.invent

C.discover

D.result

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.processing

C.productive

D.excessive

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是economiccondition，介詞后面的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞不能用that，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與decrease相反，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)并列連詞or可知其前后的內(nèi)容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney應(yīng)該與purchasingpower意思相近，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fight“與……打仗”；pay“支付”；offer“提供”；finance“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的錢(qián)），可知前面是花錢(qián)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上，因此financeawar符合題意。

5.考查詞組辨析。carryout“實(shí)施”；carryoff“奪去，奪得”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；carryaway“運(yùn)走，使失去自制力”。與socialprogram搭配的動(dòng)詞詞組是carryout，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。compensate“補(bǔ)償，賠償”；offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”；exchange“交換”；accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政赤字”為固定搭配，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。expand“擴(kuò)張”；spend“度過(guò)，花費(fèi)”；extend“延伸”；explore“探索”。根據(jù)后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴(kuò)大紙幣供應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務(wù)”的固定搭配，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。excessively“過(guò)分地”；automatically“自動(dòng)地”；timely“及時(shí)地”；exceedingly“非常；極其”。空格處所在句子的大意是：貨幣供應(yīng)量的增加將會(huì)導(dǎo)致貨幣價(jià)值自動(dòng)下降。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods，前者是對(duì)后者具體的舉例說(shuō)明，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.考查詞義辨析。plenty“足夠的”；comply“遵守，遵從”；satisfy“滿足，說(shuō)服”；supply“供給，提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會(huì)以更高的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品”，to表目的，“為了滿足需求”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人們認(rèn)為快銷產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。demand后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages與動(dòng)詞increase之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)式，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費(fèi)用”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”；consumer“消費(fèi)者，用戶”；employer“老板，雇主”；manager“經(jīng)理，管理人員”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a(chǎn)方為滿足要求會(huì)將生產(chǎn)成本加在消費(fèi)者身上，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來(lái)，總之”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹問(wèn)題），四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A與D都有“導(dǎo)致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。insufficient“不足的”；processing“加工”；productive“能生產(chǎn)的”；excessive“過(guò)多的”。文章講述了導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹的三個(gè)因素，第二段第二句話Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.broken

B.raised

C.solved

D.concluded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broken“折斷；打碎；損壞”；B選項(xiàng)raised“提高，舉起；使（面包）發(fā)酵；撫育，撫養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)solved“解決；解答”；D選項(xiàng)concluded“結(jié)束；推斷；作結(jié)論”。句意：當(dāng)你和一個(gè)阿拉伯人做生意時(shí)，你不得不忍受幾個(gè)小時(shí)的閑聊，等待商業(yè)的話題被提起。本句關(guān)鍵詞bebroached表示“被提出”，beraised可以做同義替換，表示被提出。因此B選