初中現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習

初中現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習初中現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習初中現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習初中現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:現(xiàn)在完成時精講和專練定義：表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，也可以表示過去已經開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的結構肯定句：have/has+done(過去分詞)否定句：主語+have/has+not+done(過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done(過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語: Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時不能與for，since等表示一段時間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復的動作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經歷）引導的詞語連用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年?，F(xiàn)在完成時的標志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,現(xiàn)在完成時通常和，ever,never,twice（once…）,sofar（到目前為止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears（在過去幾年）,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑問句）,just(剛剛),before（以前）,recently（近來）等詞連用說明：already與yet都有“已經”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyetTheyhaveleft.(他們已經離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們人不在這里)Ihavehadmylunch.(我已經吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓)Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.2.過去已經開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手。①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點（過去從句）為標志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能與when連用現(xiàn)在完成時的用法A．表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.車子來了。（結果：車子已在門口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗戶打破了。（結果：窗戶仍破著）B.表示過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內）的一段時間的狀語連用,如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在這個工廠工作已經五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自從2002年Mr.Black一直住在中國。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere你來這里多久了注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞（否定句除外）。例如：(1)這本書我已經買了三個月了。錯誤：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正確：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥參軍多長時間了錯誤：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy正確：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉換leave---beawayborrow---keepbuy---havedie---bedeadbegin/start---beonfinish---beoverfallill---beillgetup---beupcatchacold---haveacoldputon→wearcome/become/go---beherefallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)gettoknow---knowjoin----beamemberof...(成為…的一員)open---beopenclose---beclosed用相應的延續(xù)性動詞替換短暫性動詞，句中謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，時間狀語為“for＋時間段”或“since＋時間點”。如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“綠色中國”已經三年了。Theoldmandied4yearsTheoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsHehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysIhavehadthebookfor5days.表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間(for2years),since+從句(sincehecamehere),since+時間點名詞(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等?，F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別1一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強調動作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）2一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那時),thatday,oneday,once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時常和recently（近來），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前為止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑問句）,just(剛剛),before（以前）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時不與表示過去的時間狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.比較since和forsince后接時間點，for后接時間段，試比較：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比較have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento...表示“曾去過某地，已經從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has)goneto表示“已經去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達那里還沒有回來”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai他(曾經)到/去過上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已經去上海了.(也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經有三天了

語法練習延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉化died10yearsago.——He______________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.——He_____________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.——He___________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.—He____________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.——Thelight__________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.———He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.——Thefilm__________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.——Thedoor__________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.——Thedoor___________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.——He_____________a_______forayear.He_____________thearmyforayear.It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.單項選擇。Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear. Ａ.iswriting Ｂ.waswriting Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.haswrittenHaveyoumetMr.Li____ Ａ.Just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.amomentago—Howlonghaveyou____here—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived—Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;well Ｂ.changed;good Ｃ.haschanged;better Ｄ.changed;better—______you___yourhomeworkyet—Yes.I_____itamomentago. Ａ.Did;do;finished Ｂ.Have;done;finished Ｃ.Have;done;havefinished Ｄ.will;do;finishWe______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.know Ｂ.hadknown Ｃ.haveknown Ｄ.knewHarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.Ａ.willsee Ｂ.haveseen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—ReallyWhen_____thereＡ.willtheygo Ｂ.didtheygo Ｃ.dotheygo Ｄ.havetheygoneZhouLang______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears. Ａ.was;studying Ｂ.will;study Ｃ.has;studied Ｄ.are;studyingHisfather______thePartysince1998.Ａ.joined Ｂ.hasjoined Ｃ.wasin Ｄ.hasbeenin—Doyouknowhimwell—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.were Ｂ.havebeen Ｃ.havebecome Ｄ.havemadeHehas___beentoShanghai,hashe Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.stillHurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegun Ｂ.hadbegun Ｃ.hasbeenon Ｄ.beganIt___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy. Ａ.Is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.wasMissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgone Ｂ.went Ｃ.willgo Ｄ.hasbeenMyparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeenin Ｂ.havebeento Ｃ.havegoneto Ｄ.havebeenThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____A.sothey B.don’tthey C.havethey D.haven’ttheyhasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina A.Howsoon,comes B.Howoften,got C.Howlong,came D.Howfar,arrivedHisuncleformorethan9years. A.hascomehere B.hasstartedtowork C.haslivedthere D.haslefttheuniversity二、句型轉換。1、Hehasneversurfed,____________（改成附加疑問句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2001.(提問)___________havetheybeenhere3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear.(die)（動詞填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉換)Thisfactory____________________fortwentyyears.5、MissGreenleftanhourago.(同義句轉換)MissGreen____________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.三、漢譯英。1、他昨天收到一封信。________________________________________________2、我父親以前到過長城。_______________________________________________4、她去過上海。______________________________________________________5、他這些天上哪兒去了____________________________________現(xiàn)在完成時練習：一、單項選擇。10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet—Yes.I_____itamomentago.;do;finished;done;finished;done;havefinished;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemadehearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeeninfactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.openedandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecomemeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught30.Howlong_______he________A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashadlong_____you_____ill-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.takeHowlongcanI______thebook------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型轉換。1、Hehasneversurfed,______（改成反意疑問句）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉換)Thisfactory______fortwentyyears.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.一、用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空：1.“_________you__________(have)lunch”“Yes.”“When________you__________(have)it”“I____________(have)itat12:00.”2.“_________you__________(write)alettertoyourauntyet”“Yes,I___________.I________________(write)onelastweek.”3.“_________he___________(finish)hishomework”“Notyet.”4.“_________theyever__________(be)abroad”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_________just___________(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather_________(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI__________(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They____________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_____________never____________(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.____________youever____________(drink)cokeyou_____________(buy)adictionary““Yes,I__________.”“Where______you___________(buy)it”“I_________(buy)itinabookstore.”“When___________you_____________(buy)it”“Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1.______twoyearstwoyearsago3._______lastmonth1999yesterday6._______4o’clock7.______4hours9._______wewerechildrenshelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim__________wewerechi